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Results for “Rural Spatial Distribution”

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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Use of the spatial scan statistic to identify geographic variations in late stage colorectal cancer in California (United States).

OBJECTIVES: To identify geographic variations in colorectal cancer by stage at diagnosis in California using a descriptive analysis coupled with a spatial analysis and to discuss methodological considerations concerning the spatial statistical method. METHODS: We analyzed 59,076 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in California from 1996 to 2000 by logistic regression and by a spatial scan statistic to identify areas with a higher and lower relative risk of late-stage colorectal cancer. RESULTS: In California, 57% of overall cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed at a late stage. Californians diagnosed with late-stage colorectal cancer were more likely to be Hispanic and living in areas of lower socioeconomic status. The spatial scan identified two areas where the observed number of late-stage cancer was different than the number expected from the distribution in the rest of the state. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial scan analyses can complement descriptive statistics, but results must be interpreted with consideration of factors that affect the ability to detect meaningful differences such as the number of events observed, accuracy in geocoding rural versus urban addresses, and the difficulty of adjusting for covariates.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Household structure and family pattern of a traditional society.

"In this paper, [the] main aim is to examine the household structure and family units of a scheduled caste population--a traditional society of India--with the help of survey data. Data [are] from a socio-demographic survey [of a] scheduled caste population residing in the rural areas of Assam." Information is provided on types of households and family units; residence pattern and household structure; and household size.

Asia↗
PubMed1998

Renewed population growth in rural America.

This chapter documents the fact that "nonmetropolitan America has experienced widespread population gain and net in-migration since 1990. This contrasts with the trend evident through most of this century.... However, this deconcentration has been selective and tempered by economic period effects. Future nonmetropolitan demographic change is likely to be even more dependent on migration because recent rural fertility patterns, together with age structure shifts, have diminished the contribution natural increase can make to rural growth. This increasing dependence on migration, coupled with the greater integration of nonmetropolitan areas into the national and international system, makes rural America increasingly sensitive to national and global economic, political, and social forces."

Americas↗
PubMed2005

Mapping of arsenic content and distribution in groundwater in the southeast Pampa, Argentina.

The presence and spatial distribution of groundwater arsenic was evaluated in an area of approximately 6000 square kilometers that extends along the southeast border of the subhumid pampa plains of southeast Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Groundwater constitutes the only easily exploitable source of water for the large rural and suburban population in the area, both for human consumption and for use in agricultural and livestock production. In the study area, 56.3 percent of water samples had seriously elevated arsenic levels (0.06 to 0.5 milligrams per liter [mg/L]), constituting a risk for human consumption and agricultural and livestock use. In 27.2 percent of the samples, arsenic content ranged from just below the World Health Organization-recommended maximum level of 0.01 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L. Only in 16.5 percent of the samples did the water contain no or very low concentrations. The contamination of domestic water supplies in the study area constitutes a serious water quality problem since this element has been identified as the cause of a number of health problems, including cancer.

Argentina↗
PubMed1991

The counter-urbanization process: demographic restructuring and policy response in rural England.

The authors examine the impact of counterurbanization in England. They "try and unravel how household turnover and in-migration selectivity are effecting rural change, and how local communities and policy-makers are responding to that change, in a number of villages in East Northamptonshire, a rural district in the heart of 'shire' England." The focus is on the extent to which the incoming households differ from those they replace, thus changing the socioeconomic characteristics of the rural population. The impact of such migration on the housing market is noted.

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Indian policies on urbanisation and urban development.

"This article begins by examining the rationale of [India's] national urbanisation policy goals, before moving on to analyse some of the specific urban development schemes.... This is followed by a discussion of the modifications which need to be made to India's urbanisation goals...." The policy's three main objectives are to achieve "a) rural-urban mix in regional development; b) distribution of urban size-classes; and c) rural-urban distribution of public services."

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung cancer patterns in Switzerland: a search for geographical and occupational patterns.

Simple descriptive methods (geographical correlation, variance and covariance analysis; gradients of mortality by quantiles; proportionate ratio methods) have been used to characterize the distribution patterns of lung cancer in Switzerland since 1969: Geographical patterns. In males, the temporo-spatial distribution of lung cancer mortality indicates that male smoking became prevalent earlier in the conurbations than in the countryside. The culturolinguistic gap between the German and French/Italian-speaking parts is mirrored by higher lung cancer rates in the latter. For female lung cancer the urban-rural gradient overshadows differences between the linguistic regions. Occupational patterns. The consistency of occupationally associated lung cancer risks within Switzerland is remarkable, even in small occupational groups with only a few deaths, and parallels the patterns known from international statistics. An analysis of lung cancer incidence within the Zurich cancer registry by histological types reveals the same consistent patterns with high risks in blue-collar trades.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A process view of the population turnaround: an Australian rural case study.

"This paper provides empirical evidence of local-level demographic and socio-economic changes during the 'population turnaround' decade of 1970 to 1980. The study covers a contiguous area occupied by five small country towns and their trade areas, centred around 80-90 km north of Adelaide [Australia]. These communities were surveyed in detail in 1968 and 1970 in order to make forecasts of demographic change by 1980. In 1980, a replicatory resurvey provided data on various processes of population change operating at grass roots level."

Australia↗