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PubMed2007

Life satisfaction and leisure activities during men's retirement: a Turkish sample.

This study was planned and carried out as a pilot study to determine the life satisfaction of men from the Official Social Security Institutions in Turkey (n = 231). The Life Satisfaction Index was used as the measure. Among this group of retired men, the most popular leisure activities were audio-visual and reading. The strongest predictor of life satisfaction was the frequency of participation in leisure activities, followed by the level of satisfaction with health, income, and planning of leisure activities.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Sleep disordered breathing and cognitive function in a retirement village population.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may be associated with cognitive dysfunction in non-demented elderly people. A random sample of 96 retirement village residents were given both neuropsychological assessment and overnight sleep monitoring with a portable microprocessor based system (Vitalog PMS-8). Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was calculated as the number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour of sleep. RDI was not associated with 'memory', 'verbal', and 'motor' factors identified from the analysis of cognitive tests, but was associated with the 'cerebral efficiency' factor (R2 = 0.21, p less than 0.0001). Seventy-three subjects had repeat neuropsychological tests, median time to follow-up being 17 months. Baseline RDI did not predict changes in scores on the two factors identified from the second analysis. We conclude that mild to moderate disturbance of breathing during sleep is not associated with cognitive dysfunction in non-demented subjects.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Dietary intake and nutrient supplement use in a Southern California retirement community.

Dietary histories and information concerning the use of nutritional supplements were obtained from 51 randomly selected residents of an Orange County, CA, retirement community. The nutrients for which dietary intakes were most apt to fall below 100% of the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowance were: calcium, in both sexes; energy, in males; and iron, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin in females. With the exception of calcium, few subjects had intakes below two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. These findings are similar to those reported in previous dietary surveys of the elderly. Vitamin and mineral supplements were consumed by 72% of the subjects; such consumption was unrelated to dietary intake. Supplemental vitamin C was consumed by 67% of the subjects in amounts ranging from 30 to 5200 mg daily; supplemental vitamin E was taken by 51%, with amounts ranging from 8 to 1000 IU daily. Supplement use by this population is one of the highest reported among the elderly, an effect that may result from the affluence of the community, its geographic location, and from a high level of nutritional consciousness among its residents.

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PubMed2000

Health effects of involuntary job loss among older workers: findings from the health and retirement survey.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the health consequences of involuntary job loss among older workers in the United States. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the 1992 and 1994 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey, multivariate regression models were estimated to assess the impact of involuntary job loss on both physical functioning and mental health. Our analysis sample included 209 workers who experienced involuntary job loss between survey dates and a comparison group of 2,907 continuously employed workers. RESULTS: The effects of late-life involuntary job loss on both follow-up physical functioning and mental health were negative and statistically significant (p < .05), even after baseline health status and sociodemographic factors were controlled for. Among displaced workers, reemployment was positively associated with both follow-up physical functioning and mental health, whereas the duration of joblessness was not significantly associated with either outcome. DISCUSSION: The findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between job loss and morbidity among older workers. This relationship is reflected in both poorer physical functioning and mental health for workers who experience involuntary job loss. In addition to the economic consequences of worker displacement, there may be important health consequences of job loss, especially among older workers.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

The impact of involuntary job loss on subsequent alcohol consumption by older workers: findings from the health and retirement survey.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of involuntary job loss on subsequent alcohol consumption by older workers in the United States. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the 1992 and 1994 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey, the authors estimated multivariate models to assess the impact of involuntary job loss on subsequent alcohol use. Two outcomes were investigated: reported daily alcohol consumption and onset of drinking. The analysis sample included 207 workers who experienced involuntary job loss between survey dates and a comparison group of 2,866 continuously employed workers. RESULTS: After baseline alcohol consumption and a variety of socioeconomic and illness-related covariates were controlled, involuntary job loss was not associated (p>.05) with number of daily drinks consumed at follow-up. However, among those who did not consume alcohol at baseline, individuals who suffered involuntary job loss were twice as likely as continuously employed individuals to start drinking by follow-up (OR = 2.01; CI = 1.06-3.80). The majority of those who began drinking at follow-up reported drinking less than 1 drink per day. DISCUSSION: The findings provide evidence of a significant relationship between job loss and subsequent alcohol use among baseline nondrinkers. However, the magnitude of the changes in drinking was quite modest.

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PubMed2003

Place characteristics and residential location choice among the retirement-age population.

OBJECTIVES: We investigate the association between an extensive set of location-specific factors and the propensity of retirement-age individuals to remain in, or relocate to, those locations. In particular we investigate whether state and local fiscal factors influence the migration decisions of retirees, and we study the relative importance of fiscal and other factors in these decisions. METHODS: We place decisions regarding whether to move and where to locate in a single discrete-choice framework. We estimate an individual-level location-choice model by using a combination of place-characteristics data and Census county-to-county migration data for the period 1985-1990. RESULTS: We find that levels of tax burdens and public services can affect location decisions. Of the fiscal variables, income taxes have the largest relative effects. However, other factors, including climate, economic conditions, and population characteristics, appear to play much larger roles in migration and location decisions. DISCUSSION: Although income tax reductions might influence the location decisions of recent retirees, whether or not the economic benefits associated with these population gains outweigh the accompanying revenue losses is an important area for further research. A more cost-effective strategy may be for states to focus on marketing their amenities rather than using fiscal policy to recruit retirees.

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PubMed1976

Employment, retirement, and morale among older women.

This study constitutes an effort to apply to females the role-theoretical orientation to work and retirement in old age which has often been applied to men. Cross-sectional data from a national probability sample of 2,398 women age 65 and over are used to test the hypothesis that older working women have better morale than those who do not work. With the exception of women with annual incomes in excess of +5,000, the findings show small but statistically significant differences both between older working women (who had the best morale) and retirees, and between retirees and women classified as never having worked (who evidenced the lowest moral). Satistically significant differences remained between these groups after simultaneously isolating the effects of age, income, and health, lending tentative support to the hypothesis and suggesting that work may indeed have a salutary thought limited psychological influence among women in the post-65 years.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Liberalizing the social security retirement test; who would receive the increased pension benefits?

The article examines the distributional impact of liberalizing the social security retirement test. The results of simulations that explore ten liberalization alternatives are presented. The distribution of pension benefit gains from liberalization of the test are determined for the aged who were affected by the test in 1972. The relative costs of various liberalization alternatives are compared with complete abolition of the test.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Sample attrition and multivariate analysis in the Retirement History Study.

The attrition of respondents in panel studies of older people can create bias in data analysis. Changes in the examination of attrition are suggested. Bivariate and multivariate tests comparing those eligible to respond and those actually continuing in the panel are reported for five waves of data from the Retirement History Study. The results indicate that variable relationships in the data examined are relatively free of the bias that can be created by respondent attrition. Thus, attrition from samples of older respondents probably is less of a factor than suggested by previous studies reporting on frequency distributions.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

The married woman's retirement decision: a methodological comparison.

Data from the University of Michigan's Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to investigate married women's retirement decisions. Results are presented from a methodological comparison of parameter estimates derived under both single- and multiple-equation frameworks using logit analyses. This study finds that: the married woman's decision is influenced significantly by her own wage wealth, Social Security wealth, pension wealth, and age, and it is significantly influenced by her spouse's wage wealth and his labor force status.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Life-cycle models of saving and the effect of the timing of divorce on retirement economic well-being.

The long-term effect of the current high rate of divorce upon the future economic status of individuals has not been thoroughly analyzed. This study reviews the retirement, precautionary, and bequest motives for saving, then evaluates how marriage dissolution may (a) decrease the family's savings rate, (b) cause shifts in the family's portfolio to assets with lower rates of return, and (c) destroy or deplete existing family assets. Whether divorce interrupts the savings process or destroys assets, it is unlikely that most individuals will be able to save enough in later life to overcome the loss. The long-term effect may well be that, in future years, we will recognize a new category of elderly poor, those who have experienced the dissolution of their marriage.

Divorce↗
PubMed1990

Return migration to region of birth among retirement-age persons in the United States.

This study addresses some of the methodological difficulties one encounters in assessing the question of whether older persons display an increasing tendency to return to their state of birth after reaching retirement age. It reanalyzes previously studied data on the question and concludes that there is no indication that elderly people are more prone than nonelderly to "return home" to their native state.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Is there a gray peril? Retirement politics in Florida.

Using data from Florida, the most significant destination for Sunbelt retirees, three hypotheses concerning the political impact of retirement migration on the Sunbelt were tested. Surveys of local government officials and socioeconomic data about local government regarding 103 municipalities and 62 counties suggested that aging persons, although politically active, are seldom involved in organized advocacy or political opposition to local policies that are largely beneficial to other interests.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Confronting developmental tasks in the retirement transition.

This paper considers retirement as a widespread developmental transition. It seeks to exploit and advance Erikson's life cycle model, taken as a heuristic device, in three ways: noting major transition challenges between generativity and integrity; distinguishing between tasks and outcomes in such transitions; and viewing such tasks as derived from historical, biological, psychological, and sociocultural realities. Analysis of such realities in the lives of Israeli retirees pointed to four care tasks: active involvement, reevaluation of life satisfaction, reevaluation of a world view, and a sense of health maintenance.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Naturally occurring retirement communities: a multiattribute examination of desirability factors.

This study investigated the factors important in older individuals' attraction to and satisfaction with apartment complexes that become naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs). Quantitative measures examining the relative importance of various apartment complex attributes in attracting older and younger people to apartments that have and have not become NORCs were obtained by using a multiattribute scaling procedure. Results are presented from two main perspectives: a comparison of the factors attracting older residents to NORCs and non-NORCs; and a comparison of the factors attracting older and younger residents to NORCs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Retirement prospects of the baby boom generation: a different perspective.

We examine the average economic status of baby boom cohorts as they approach retirement chiefly using data on their life cycle income experience to date. Contrary to popular impression, baby boomers are likely to enter old age in an even better economic position than pre-boom cohorts. Economic and demographic adjustments that they made, such as deferred marriages, reduced childbearing, and increased labor force participation of wives, have compensated for their relatively low wage rates. Potential downside effects of reduced childbearing regarding Social Security and health care prospects are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Widows in retirement communities: the social context of subjective well-being.

This study focuses on why some widows were satisfied in retirement communities and some were not. Satisfied widows were more socially active and were the majority in the community. Widows and married differed in social interactions contingent on which group was in the majority. The ratio of marrieds to widows in a community may lead to different social interaction in the two groups which, in turn, may influence widows' satisfaction.

Aged↗