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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to electrophilic compound during rubber industry.

Electrophilic compounds are widely used in industry. Rubber processing is the famous example of sites where workers are exposed to electrophilic compounds. Besides their immediate effect on different body systems, electrophilic compounds include most mutagenic and carcinogenic substances. The present study was carried out to elucidate the possibility of using non selective assays in the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to electrophilic compounds. The study included a total number of 40 workers exposed to chemicals during rubber industry (n=25 exposed) and comparison group (n=15). The biochemical tests carried out on each subject included: (1) Estimation of thioether levels in urine as a biological indices of electrophilic compounds. (2) Non selective assays as urinary RNase and alpha esterase, glutathione-S-transferase and aryl sulphatase. Their determination is recommended in the biological monitoring of workers exposed to such agents beside the medical surveillance of workers exposed to such chemicals. The study finding showed significant increase in the levels of thioether and all the non-selective assays among exposed workers rather than the comparison group.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

A proportionate mortality study on risk of bladder cancer among rubber workers.

A proportionate mortality study was based on a sample of 6208 workers who were employed for at least 4 months during the period from 1917 to 1983 in a rubber tire manufacturing plant in Ontario, Canada. Identifying information of the workers was extracted from company records and linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry 1964-1983 death files. Among the cohort, 153 cancer deaths (146 male, 7 female), which included 6 bladder cancer deaths (all male), were found. For the six bladder cancer deaths, average age at time of first employment was 33.5 years, and average time from first employment to time of death was 31.8 years (with a range from 25.3 to 38.3 years). Proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) and mortality odds ratio (MOR), and their standardized forms (SPMR and SMOR), were calculated using the general population in Ontario for comparison. PMR and MOR were found to be 1.44 and 1.45, respectively. When the Ontario proportionate cancer mortality was applied to the cohort, adjusted for age and sex, 4.69 bladder cancer deaths were expected. The six bladder cancer deaths among the rubber workers therefore represented a 1.28-fold increase in standardized proportionate bladder cancer mortality when compared to the general population. Age and sex adjusted SMOR was found to be 1.29.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1991

[The overall and cancer mortality of workers in the rubber industry].

The article contains the results of an original detailed study of the mortality rates caused by malignant neoplasms in workers engaged in rubber industry. There were increased mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms including cancers of the lung, large bowel and rectum in some professional groups, predominantly in those engaged in the industry for 10-19 years, or in the groups with similar periods, since the first contact with the occupational factors. Female workers displayed increased prevalence of tumours of the larynx, the pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, as well as tumours of the genital organs. The data received corresponded to that of similar studies abroad, which confirmed the high risks of malignant neoplasms' formation in rubber producing industries. Due to the increased occurrence of accidents, intoxications and high rates of suicides in this industry, one cannot exclude psychological influence of the occupational factors. This problem area deserves much more attention and more substantial investigation.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1991

[Rubber dam: how to take the obstacle].

In this article the rationale for the use of rubber dam during root-canal treatment is discussed. Illustrated by some clinical examples it is stated that almost every tooth can be adequately and efficiently isolated by means of the rubber dam technique.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Use of the rubber dam after open heart surgery.

The presence of the rubber dam has specific implications for nursing practice. Advantages and complications of the rubber dam, as well as the implications, are discussed in this article.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1991

Localized periodontitis induced by rubber bands. Report of two cases.

Two cases of severe localized periodontal destruction caused by rubber bands migrating toward the apices subgingivally are reported. In both cases the patients received periodontal treatment followed by orthodontic treatment and the affected teeth were maintained for two years without extraction. The inappropriate use of rubber bands may cause severe periodontal destruction or even lead to tooth mortality. The use of retentive hooks on orthodontic bands and twisted wire ligatures, as well as close professional supervision, are highly recommended to avoid this hazardous situation.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Contact urticaria caused by rubber. Analysis of seven cases.

Prior to 1979, there had been no reports of contact urticaria to rubber products. Since that time, many cases have been reported. At New York University, the first case, secondary to cornstarch allergy, was seen in 1985. Since that time, we have seen an additional six cases, five of them in the last year. Of these six cases, three were attributable to H. brasiliensis and three to the accelerators. Although the use of latex products has increased dramatically within the past 9 years in response to the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infections, it is not clear whether increased exposure alone accounts for the sudden increase in the number of patients with contact urticaria. Four of the patients presented here are hospital personnel involved in surgical procedures, in which, for decades, latex gloves have been used. Furthermore, two of our seven patients are paraplegics, who, as a group, have long had frequent exposure to rubber products. Two possibilities seem most likely: either the diagnosis has been missed by physicians for decades, or in response to the worldwide demand for latex products, the manufacture of latex has become altered in such a fashion that more products from which the allergens (accelerators and H. brasiliensis) are easily leached are now reaching the marketplace.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of contact hypersensitivity to rubber components in manufacturers of automobile tires at the Stomil plant].

Dermatological examination and patch tests with 34 rubber components were carried out in 114 tire manufacturers, 78 women and 36 men aged 29 years on average, with a mean duration of work in the plant 7 years. For correct interpretation of the obtained results patch tests with the same components were done in two control groups that is in 120 healthy subjects and 120 patients with contact dermatitis. Patch tests with proper concentrations of the studied components were evaluated after 48, 72 and 96 hours. Positive patch tests were found most frequently with antioxidants--16.6% (including IPPD--8.6%), followed by vulcanization accelerators--10.6%, and other rubber components--11.4% in all. During about 3 years of follow-up in 4 manufacturers contact allergic eczema was noted and polyvalent hypersensitivity to antioxidants and vulcanization accelerators without clinical manifestations of this hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 3 other subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction of rubber closures with powders for parenteral administration.

The migration of volatile components into the headspace of vials sealed with rubber closures is a potential source of haze formation in solutions of reconstituted powders for parenteral administration. Different types of vial closures were examined to determine their propensity to release volatile compounds. It was possible to accumulate the volatiles in a cold trap by means of thermal desorption and dynamic headspace. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was then used to characterize the volatiles isolated. Components found in the headspace of butyl and halogenated butyl rubber closures included saturated hydrocarbons, unchlorinated or chlorinated olefins, alkylbenzenes, and low molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1990

Internal rectal prolapse: rubber-band ligation as treatment for a neglected disease.

Internal rectal prolapse was diagnosed in 21 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with this syndrome. They all underwent rubber-band ligation of the excess mucosa--2.2 procedures per patient on average. Eight patients became asymptomatic and 13 significantly improved clinically. Six patients, in spite of the clinical improvement, had rectoscopic evidence of recurrence. No side effects or complications were noted. Internal rectal prolapse has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of anorectal syndromes. Rubber-band ligation is a safe, simple procedure, leading to resolution of symptoms, and may prevent progression to total rectal prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Correlations among chemical constituents, cytotoxicities and tissue responses: in the case of natural rubber latex materials.

Natural rubber latex films obtained from 40 different brands of rubber gloves were tested by quantitative chemical analyses, two cytotoxicity tests (agar-diffusion assay using L929 cells and colony assay using V79 cells) and 7-day implantation test in the rabbit muscle. Multiple regression analysis of these data showed that dithiocarbamate accelerators caused the toxicities whereas antioxidants did not. Thickness of inflammatory layer was the most useful parameter to evaluate tissue response among 13 histological parameters investigated. There were good correlations between the cytotoxicity indices and the thickness of inflammatory layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Prevention of nervous system diseases in workers manufacturing rubber products].

Workers of a rubber plant with allergic pathology showed marked changes of the nervous system manifested in vegetovascular dystonia mainly of the hypertensive type and in hypertensive disease (grades I-II). These changes developed often against the background of urticaria, Quincke edema, allergic rhinitis. Prophylactic measures are proposed on the reduction of allergic morbidity and nervous system diseases in workers of the rubber industry.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiological study of malignant neoplasm mortality among workers in the rubber footwear factory].

Oncoepidemic study was undertaken in order to determine the level of oncologic risk. The risk of death from malignant neoplasms in workers engaged in rubber production was higher by 4-4.7 times than in the city population. Maximum risk of death in males was associated with cancer of bladder and kidneys, esophagus, and larynx, in females with cancer of esophagus, larynx, and intestine. Standardized death rates from all malignant neoplasms in the males engaged in rubber production exceeded that of females by 1. 4. Life expectancy of workers of the main industrial shops was lower than in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cotton roll or rubber dam in endodontic treatment?].

In a clinical-microbiological study of the bacterial flora on deep areas of carious dentine in deciduous and permanent human teeth the aseptic rubber dam technique was given preference to remove successive samples of dentine from the cavity floors. The application of the rubber dam made it possible to establish and maintain a surgically clean field of operation and were an effective safeguard against contamination through seepage of saliva.

Dentistry, Operative↗
PubMed1989

Red rubber bulb, cheap and effective vacuum drainage.

Red rubber bulbs have been used for vacuum drainage in head, neck, breast and several other operations by the authors since 1975 quite effectively without any major problems. The vacuum pressure of the red rubber bulbs was found to be higher than the expensive commercially available vacuum wound drainage device. The question of remaining old blood and infective microorganisms inside the reservoir for the reused ones were tested by the manual cleaning process and the standard sterile technique using steam under increased pressure (autoclave). The result is quite satisfactory. We encourage the use of this cheap and effective (made in Thailand) vacuum wound drainage in Thai hospitals and Thai medical schools.

Drainage↗
PubMed1988

Contact urticaria from rubber gloves.

Surgical rubber (latex) gloves can cause contact urticaria and even more severe allergic symptoms; the frequency of this allergy may be as high as 3 per cent among hospital employees. Those at high risk are surgeons and instrument nurses, most of whom are atopics. Clinical history of immediate rubber-glove allergy can be misleading, but the diagnosis is easily confirmed by prick, use, and RAST tests. Sensitized persons manage well by using plastic undergloves or vinyl gloves.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1988

Dermatitis in rubber manufacturing industries.

This review describes the history of rubber technology and the manufacturing techniques used in rubber manufacturing industries. The important aspects of the acquisition of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis within the industry are presented for the reader.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1987

[Dermatoses caused by footwear made of synthetic material: the rubber-boot syndrome].

One hundred patients, workers from a meat packing plant that wear rubber boots while working, were studied. Besides the well known allergic manifestations to rubber or other plastic materials used in footwear other pathologic findings included mycotic and bacterial lesions formed by plantar hyperhidrosis with the development of bromhidrosis and plantar xanthokeratoderma. These occupational dermatoses are a medical problem, but also have social and economical implications.

Adolescent↗