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PubMed1981

Respiratory disease in Utah coal miners.

Two hundred forty-two Utah underground coal miners volunteered to participate in a respiratory disease study. They were an older group (mean, 56 years of age) and had spent a mean of 29 years in the coal-mining industry. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 57%, and that of coal worker's pneumoconiosis, 25%; only one worker had progressive massive fibrosis. Significant impairment of pulmonary function was found among those with a history of cigarette smoking. Chronic bronchitis or coal worker's penumoconiosis among nonsmokers did not impair pulmonary function. There was a significant association among the nonsmokers between increasing exposure to coal dust and coal worker's pneumoconiosis, but not for changes in pulmonary function. Coal mine dust had a significant influence in causing the symptom complex of chronic cough and sputum production, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed2025

Omics in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Current Evidence From the Upper and Lower Airways.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a mainly type 2 inflammatory condition that combines asthma, nasal polyps, and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Its pathogenesis involves both upper and lower airways, yet most studies to date have examined these compartments separately. It remains unclear whether the molecular mechanisms in the nose, sinuses, and lungs are distinct or overlapping-an important gap, given that clinical manifestations of N-ERD involve both sites. In this review, we summarize available omics studies-transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics-performed on upper and lower airways in patients with N-ERD. While omics approaches have revealed new molecular insights, comparisons across studies are limited by heterogeneity in design, controls, and methodology. We emphasize the need for integrated multi-omics analyses and standardized frameworks to better characterize the disease across airways. Such efforts are essential for identifying robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets and for moving toward a systems-level understanding of N-ERD.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heart-lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory disease in patients with cystic fibrosis at Papworth Hospital.

Between October 1985 and July 1992 we performed heart-lung transplantation in 42 patients with end-stage respiratory disease caused by cystic fibrosis. Twenty-eight of these patients are alive at 3 months to 7 years after heart-lung transplantation. Actuarial survival at 1 year and 3 years after transplantation was 78% and 65%, respectively, in this group, which compares favorably with 77% and 60%, respectively, in patients without cystic fibrosis undergoing heart-lung transplantation. Similarly no significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative infections between patients with cystic fibrosis and patients without cystic fibrosis undergoing heart-lung transplantation. Quality of life indexes analyzed by the Nottingham Health Profile reveal significant improvements for patients surviving longer than 3 months from surgery. Long-term survival is determined by the development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which has occurred in 11 patients, six of whom have died. Early postoperative survival appears to be compromised by poor preoperative nutritional status. The study provides evidence that patients with end-stage respiratory disease caused by cystic fibrosis gain a survival advantage and improvement in quality of life after heart-lung transplantation when compared with patients who do not receive this form of therapy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1975

Equine infectious respiratory disease.

During the past 20 years the equine population of Great Britain and Ireland has increased with the result that the practising veterinary surgeon is more frequently called upon to advise on equine problems. A significant portion of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of respiratory disease. Numerous pathogens, which include viruses, bacteria, parasites and moulds invade the respiratory tract causing similar signs of illness. It is therefore difficult to provide an aetiological diagnosis based on a clinical examination. Field studies supported by laboratory investigations have established that influenza and herpes viruses are frequently responsible for outbreaks of disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that other factors including the immune state of the equine population influence the distribution and severity of respiratory disease. The aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of equine infectious respiratory disease are discussed below.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The involvement of microbes in the etiology of respiratory diseases in infants 0 to 12 months old].

A study was worked out on the etiopathogenic relations and a more exact evaluation of the incidence of some agents: viruses, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas and rickettsiae, in the respiratory diseases of 0- to 12-month-old children. Serological analysis and immunofluorescence examination of pharyngeal cells were done. Results showed that parainfluenzae and respiratory syncytial viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae and mycoplasmas had an important part in the outbreak and maintaining of severe respiratory diseases in the 0- to 12-month-old children population.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

T lymphocyte responses are critical determinants in the pathogenesis and resistance to mycoplasma respiratory disease.

Mycoplasmas are responsible for many human and animal respiratory diseases and have a tremendous economic and health impact worldwide. Currently, there is no vaccine against any animal or human mycoplasma species. Despite the vast amount of research, the mechanisms that control hosts' resistance and susceptibility to mycoplasma infection remains unclear. Immune responses, particularly T lymphocyte responses, are believed to be critical players in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma disease. In this review, we will highlight the potential roles of T lymphocytes as influential mediators in animal and human mycoplasma pathogenesis and resistance infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental respiratory disease in dogs due to Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Young dogs of two age groups, six weeks and 12 weeks respectively, were infected by aerosol with a strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica which had been isolated from a dog with pneumonia. Clinical respiratory disease characterised by coughing and in some cases purulent nasal discharge was induced in both groups of infected dogs and also in dogs kept in contact. B bronchiseptica was recovered from the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and lung parenchyma of infected and contact animals. At necropsy, masses of Gram-negative bacteria were found trapped in the cilia of the respiratory epithelia and there was an exudate containing neutrophils in the mucosae of the respiratory tract at all levels. A close similarity was noted between the lesions produced in the dog and those described in pertussis infection in man. Experimental respiratory disease in the dog due to B bronchiseptica may offer a model system for the study of the human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The environmental accident at 'Schweizerhalle' and respiratory diseases in children: a time series analysis.

During an investigation concerned with the relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases in children, the 'Schweizerhalle' accident occurred when unknown amounts of pollutants were discharged into the environment. In that investigation, two series of medical data were collected during one year: (a) The daily relative number of preschool children, exhibiting diseases of the respiratory tract, who either came to the outpatients' clinic of the Children's Hospital or were reported by paediatricians in Basle; (b) The daily number of respiratory symptoms per child, observed in a group of randomly selected preschool children. The purpose of the present time series analysis is the assessment of possible change in these series after the environmental accident. The nature of the change is studied by complementary approaches. First, a forecast arising from models identified in the preaccident period is compared with the actual data. Thereafter, intervention models which adequately and parsimoniously represent the change are identified. Finally, an identification of a change-point is performed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

[Acute respiratory diseases in patients with chronic pathology of the internal organs].

Follow-up of 2400 patients aged 17-84 who had previously had influenza or other acute respiratory diseases documented aggravation of the background illness in 34.1% of them. Because of the aggravation 15.3% of the cases were referred to hospitals. Augmentation of symptoms was primarily observed in chronic nonspecific pulmonary lesions (57.9%), bronchial asthma (30.5%), rheumatic fever (38.1%), peptic ulcer (31.6%), renal (42.7%) and thyroid (42.9%) diseases, climacteric neurosis (31.3%), neurovegetative disorders (61.1%). Typical symptoms and syndromes of aggravated background illnesses, principles of managing combined diseases and of respiratory affections prevention in the above patients are presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The temporary work incapacity caused by respiratory diseases and tuberculosis in Romania and Dolj county in year 2000].

The temporary work incapacity caused by disease make yearly the consumption of billions of lei from the Social Care budget of our country. The Gravity Index (number of days of medical vacation/100 employers) was 627 days in 1989 and reached 948 in 2000. The high frequency of superior airways pulmonary parenchyma and pleural disease set the respiratory pathology on the first place in the structure of general morbidity and subsequently, it's the first cause generating temporary work incapacity (16.1%). 45% of medical vacation days paid in 2000 were due to respiratory and osteo-articular diseases and to accidents. In Dolj county gravity index is situated below the country average, being 785 days in 2000 versus 570 in 1989. In same production departments as in charcoal industry, the gravity index reaches 1714 days and above 1400 in other departments such as leather, furs, footwear and textile industries. In health care units the gravity index was 533.7 days in 2000. The "balance" of tuberculosis in temporary work incapacity structure diminished, as a result of introducing new treatment formula, from 4.4% in 1989 to 3.3% in 2000. In Dolj county, with higher TB incidence 4.5% of temporary work incapacity was due to tuberculosis.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2005

Environmental mycological study and allergic respiratory disease among tobacco processing workers.

This study presents the results of an investigation of respiratory symptoms, lung function, chest X-ray examinations, analysis of specific IgE antibodies and skin prick tests to fungi on 130 tobacco-processing workers and 112 control workers. Industrial hygiene survey and environmental mycological studies were also performed. The average dust concentrations ranged from 13.76 to 29.55 mg/m(3) in the tobacco processing workshops. Also, the numbers of fungi colonies in the processing environments were much higher than those in the control environments. The prevalences of chronic respiratory or nasal symptoms in exposed workers were significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The prevalences of lung function abnormalities in the exposed workers were significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.05). The positive prevalences of specific IgE reactions to fungi (26.92% for A.fumigatus and 51.54% for Rhizopus nigricans) in exposed workers were also significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.01). The positive prevalences of the skin prick test showed that 18.46% of the exposed workers were positive to A. fumigatus and 23.85% were positive to Rhizopus nigricans. Our results suggested that tobacco processing workers may develop respiratory diseases related to tobacco dust and we consider that fungi might be one of the allergens causing allergic respiratory or nasal diseases in tobacco processing workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mortality and morbidity from respiratory diseases in childhood in The Netherlands, 1980-1987.

National mortality and hospitalization data from the Netherlands were analysed for asthma (International Classification of Diseases) (ICD 493), acute bronchi(oli)tis (ICD 466), pneumonia and influenza (ICD 480-487), and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (ICD 490 + 491 + 492 + 496) in children aged 0-14 yrs for 1980-1987. No trends were seen in the mortality in age groups 0-4 yrs and 5-14 yrs, which actually concerned small numbers. In general a tendency towards increasing hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases was observed in both sexes in age groups 0-4 yrs and 5-9 yrs but not in age group 10-14 yrs, and significant increases were found for asthma in males and females aged 0-4 yrs and in males aged 5-9 yrs, and for acute bronchitis in females aged 5-9 yrs. Hospital admission rates in the Netherlands for asthma appeared to be low compared to other countries. The average length of stay, however, for both asthma and the other respiratory diseases was substantial though declining. Clinical information is required on possible causal factors of the apparent need for hospitalization for reactive airway disorders in young children, and on the management of asthma in particular.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiological studies of calf respiratory disease in a large commercial veal unit.

Records of treatments for respiratory disease among 952 calves in a large intensive veal unit were analysed. The frequency of disease was heavily age-dependent in the 34 batches of 28 calves with a peak at five weeks of age and little disease before the fourth or after the eighth week. The effect was evident for all of the three indices of disease examined: the numbers of first treatments, numbers of new courses of treatment and the total number of treatments. Transient synchronisation of outbreaks of disease in separate batches was observed but attempts to correlate the level of disease with climatic events, using data from local meteorological stations, were unsuccessful. Disease was shown to be clustered within crops of calves at one end of the housing or the other, indicating that contact spread may have been important. A variation in the amount of disease on each day of the week may have been attributable to restricted feeding on Sundays.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Dynamics of virus infections involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex in Swedish dairy herds.

The dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3), bovine corona virus (BCoV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections were studied in 118 dairy herds in south western Sweden. By using serology on paired samples from three approximately 7 vs. approximately 15-month-old calves per herd, the propagation of infections was investigated over about a 1-year period. The results implied that at least 74% of calves had experienced one or more of the monitored infections at the age of approximately 7 months (Sample 1, Spring); 30%, 48%, 34% and 8% were seropositive to BRSV, PIV-3, BCoV and BVDV, respectively. Seroconversions to BRSV, PIV-3, BCoV and BVDV occurred in 26%, 38%, 50% and 3% of seronegative animals and 63% had antibodies against two or more infections at approximately 15 months (Sample 2). In total, 90-97% of animals that were seropositive in Sample 1 remained positive in Sample 2. A significant association was found between BVDV and BCoV (P = 0.01). Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of herds in which no calves had a recorded history of respiratory disease (n = 15) were classified as negative to all four infections monitored when compared to herds in which disease was observed (P = 0.0002). This study showed a high infection burden in young animals and effective spread of BRSV, PIV-3 and BCoV in one area of Sweden. BVDV infections were restricted to a few herds, reflecting the effect of a voluntary control program against BVDV in Sweden.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) in turkeys in Brittany, France, 1981-1982. II. Laboratory findings.

After discovering that numerous turkey flocks experiencing rhinotracheitis in Brittany, France, had antibodies against chlamydia, laboratory studies were conducted to determine whether chlamydia and/or viruses would explain the respiratory disease observed. Although both lentogenic paramyxoviruses of type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and Chlamydia psittaci were isolated, it was concluded, based on epidemiologic and other laboratory findings, that C. psittaci was the primary cause of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The kinetics of the humoral and secretory IgA-production at the beginning of an acute respiratory disease (A.R.D.) in infants (author's transl)].

On three consecutive days at the beginning of an acute respiratory disease (A.R.D.) we analysed the concentration of IgA in the serum and in the aspirate of the nasopharyngeal region (N.P.A.) of 13 infants from the age of 3 up to 21 months (average age: 7.4 months). We found, that the absolute concentration as well as the dynamics of the changes of the concentration were higher in the N.P.A. than in the serum. The differences found are statistically significant. On the basis of these pathophysiological facts a screening-method could be developed for the early diagnosis of acute virus diseases of the upper respiratory passages.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

[Cytologic diagnosis of respiratory diseases].

Diagnostic cytology plays an important role in the management of respiratory diseases, especially in the field of lung cancer diagnosis. This paper deals mainly with the characteristics of various kinds of specimens for cancer cytology, differential cytodiagnostic problems, population screening for detection of early lung cancer, and cytodiagnosis of benign lung lesions.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗