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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Occupational risks for meningiomas of the CNS in Sweden.

Using the Cancer-Environment Registry of Sweden, which links cancer incidence (1961 to 1979) with census information (1960) for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic, population-based assessment was made of the occurrence of meningiomas of the CNS according to industrial and occupational classifications. Statistically significant standardized incidence ratios (SIR) between 5 and 6 for meningioma were observed among glass, porcelain, or ceramic workers of both sexes. SIRs of similar magnitude were also found for men employed in the headwear fabrication and book publishing industries. Significantly elevated two- to three-fold risks were observed for men employed in health care, railroad and trolley construction, sheet and plate metal fabrication, and as moving equipment operators. Some of the findings of this descriptive survey may have arisen as a result of multiple comparisons, but several are consistent with earlier observations for brain cancer from other countries and deserve further study.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Occupational risks for pleural mesothelioma in Sweden, 1961-79.

From national population-based registries linking cancer incidence from 1961 to 1979 with 1960 census data on industry and occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic assessment was made of pleural mesothelioma occurrence according to occupational and industrial classifications. There were 318 cases of pleural mesothelioma recorded during the 19-year follow-up period among males employed in 1960, with significant variation by industrial and occupational categorizations. The observed number of pleural mesotheliomas for men employed in the sugar refining, cellulose, wood and pulp, shipbuilding, and railroad equipment manufacturing industries was more than three times the number expected. Occupations with at least twofold excess of mesotheliomas included the craftsman categories of plumbers, mechanics and repairmen, electricians, painters, tire makers, and stationary equipment operators. Our findings are consistent with available data relating mesothelioma to occupational asbestos exposure in other countries, although unexpected associations were found that deserve further epidemiologic study.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Orthostatic tolerance at different times of the day in physically average and very fit dayworkers.

We studied the relationship between the physical exercise capacity and the orthostatic tolerance of physically average fit and very fit dayworkers at different times of the day. Six male railroad workers were physically very fit and six were averagely fit (mean of the maximal oxygen consumption 57.4 and 34.6 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. The mean age was 32 years. The orthostatic tests were performed with a tilt-table at 2.00, 6.00, 10.00, 14.00, 18.00, and 22.00 hours on six different days. Orthostatic lability at night was seen in both groups. At 14.00 and 18.00 hours the orthostatic tolerance in average fit men was slightly lower than in very fit men. This difference in the orthostatic tolerance between the groups may be a sign of the interdependence of good exercise tolerance and orthostatic tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lead poisoning in feeder calves.

A group of 90 feeder calves was accidentally exposed to lead for approximately 30 days. The source of the intoxication was determined to be contamination of feed ingredients from a railroad car. Fourteen calves died and 8 more were clinically affected. Blood samples were obtained from 24 exposed calves (16 clinically normal and 8 intoxicated), and the samples were analyzed for lead, delta-amino levulinic acid dehydrase activity, and free erythrocyte porphyrin. Blood lead values ranged from 0.44 to 1.16 parts per million. Amino levulinic acid dehydrase activity was not affected enough to be of diagnostic value, whereas free erythrocyte porphyrin was increased dramatically and consistently in lead-exposed cattle.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

Dilatation of urethral strictures using an endoscopically placed guide.

The blind dilatation of a tight urethral stricture can be a difficult and potentially dangerous procedure. The technique described in this paper enables such strictures to be safely dilated after endoscopic placement of a suitable guide over which Cosbie-Ross bougies can be 'railroaded'. The dilatation can be done gently and progressively using initially very fine bougies, which would be dangerous to use without a guide in view of the likelihood of perforating the urethra.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Host factors in asbestos-associated disease. A study in twins (author's transl)].

Observations in two pairs of identical twins illustrate the importance of genetic factors in determining the outcome of exposure to asbestos in relation to pleural plaques and bronchogenic carcinoma. The first pair of twins, laggers with french railroad (S.N.C.F.), were discovered fortuitously, after only several years exposure, to have bilateral pleural plaques and calcification at the same site on the axillary and diaphragmatic surfaces. The second set of twins developed epidermoïd bronchial carcinoma : one at the right hilum, the other postero-basally on the right in 1969 and 1977 respectively. Both were in ship-building and each had been exposed to asbestos in the same yard for 20 years between 1945 and 1965. Radiographs showed left sided pleural calcification and reticular shadowing at the bases in the two cases. These observations show the role of the host in the generation of asbestos disease. They are in keeping with studies on the presence of certain tissue types (HLA B27, and HLA B8) in those with asbestosis and of non-specific auto-antibodies (anti-nuclear factor, rheumatoid factor) in asbestosis, silicosis and the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The relation between genetic factors and asbestos-induced cancer is suggested by the variable susceptibility of different kinds of animals to carcinogenesis in response to asbestos and by the increased inductibility of the enzyme system Aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase in subjects exposed to this air-born contaminant who develop pleural tumours and/or bronchitis. There are only two other publications of bronchial carcinoma in twins in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Aftermath of a chemical spill: psychological and physiological sequelae.

Psychological, and psychophysiological sequelae were studied in a community which had experienced a railroad chemical spill of 19,000 gallons of the toxic pesticide metam sodium. Information was collected on 350 persons living in the area of the spill (spill residents) and 114 nonexposed controls, recruited using a randomized sampling strategy, from a nearby similar, but unexposed control town. Psychological measures used were the MMPI-2, POMS, IES Scale, Environmental Worry, Perceived Social Support and Perceived Control Scale. Physiological measurements were two measurements of blood pressure, pulse, and salivary cortisol level, taken both at the beginning and the conclusion of the study. Demographic and medical information was asked in a Questionnaire. Results indicate greater levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in the spill residents in addition to greater environmental worry and lower perceived social support. Spill odor perception was related to increased psychological and physiological sequelae. The spill residents had higher blood pressure and less fluctuation of cortisol levels than the controls. Comparison of spill residents who were litigants and those who were not, indicates no differences for blood pressure, pulse, and cortisol, MMPI-2, Environmental Worry and the Control Scale. Litigants scored slightly higher on the IES, Intrusion and the POMS scales. No dose/response relationship between distance to the river and evacuation status was obtained. The chemical spills was associated with a wide variety of psychological and physiological reactions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public attitude toward pesticides. A random survey of pesticide use in Allegheny County, Pa.

Pesticide use was examined by means of a random survey in Allegheny County, Pa., in October and November 1973. The objectives included gaining insight into the need for a new community pesticide program and estimating its public acceptance. The 110 survey sites were grouped as single-family dwellings, commercial and recreational lawns, institutions, farms, rights-of-way, and wasteland. In the single-family dwellings, most householders (85 percent) used a pesticide in the previous 12 months, usually an aerosol insecticide (76 percent) or herbicide (55 percent). Their pesticide selections were most often based on advertisements of availabel products. A high percentage lacked either the interest or the knowledge of the information on the pesticide's label. No observation in this or any other study supports the need for a new special program in pesticides or indicates that a substantial segment of the public would use its services. The main users of "hard" pesticides were the golf courses, rights-of-way, and one farm-nursery. The rights-of-way used chemicals only for vegetation control. Utilities and railroads contracted with pesticide companies for this work. Municipal users applied pesticides recommended by dealers. The golf courses and a farm-nursery used a broad range of fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, which they selected because of information received from the Pennsylvania Extension Service and professional organizations.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1996

[Occupation and breast cancer in women].

Breast cancer mortality was studied in 35 occupational groups of female pensioners from 32 urban areas of the former Soviet Union. The 35 groups included nine predominantly professional or office-work groups and 26 groups of labour. Breast cancer mortality was significantly increased among the retired women who had been usually employed in white- collar jobs. Blue-collar jobs that also demonstrated excess breast cancer mortality included food industry workers, railroad workers, urban transport employees, sales women, and waitresses. The highest breast cancer mortality was observed among physicians who had 7-fold rates than among stokers who had the lowest breast cancer. The associations are thought to be due to their lifestyle and sexual and reproductive patterns connected with the socioeconomical status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent data on cancer due to asbestos in Sweden.

Asbestos exposure in Sweden rapidly grew in the '50s and '60s, and then began to drop at the beginning of the '70s. The number of pleural mesotheliomas due to this exposure increased to some 80 a year during the second half of the '80s, and is rapidly increasing. The jobs with the highest risk are the wood and pulp industry, plumbing, shipbuilding, and, most of all, railroad manufacturing and sugar refineries. Data dealing with peritoneal mesotheliomas are more uncertain, and possibly misleading. As far as lung cancer incidence is concerned, it remains high in plumbers and insulators, while it declined to the expected levels in the other categories of exposed workers.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1996

'Above and below' dilatation of anastomotic colorectal strictures.

A new technique is described for dilating anastomotic colorectal strictures lying distal to a protecting stoma where attempts at instrumentation from below have failed. The new manoeuvre consists of approaching the stricture simultaneously from above, using a fibrescope inserted through the stoma, and from below using a rigid sigmoidoscope. A guidewire is passed from above through the stricture and retrieved by the lower operator. Dilators can then be railroaded through it. Six successful cases are reported.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesotheliomas in some selected Italian population groups.

The analysis of 335 cases of mesothelioma observed at the Ramazzini Foundation and the Bologna Institute of Oncology has shown: 1) a high percentage of correlation of these tumours with asbestos exposure; 2) a large number of population categories potentially exposed to asbestos fibres and therefore at risk of developing mesothelioma; and 3) the high risk of mesothelioma among people exposed in various circumstances to asbestos used in railroads and sugar refinery plants.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1997

[Characteristics of home parenteral nutrition and effectiveness of 3 way valved PICC in regional medical care].

Home medical care is becoming a greater matter of concern along with the increasing population of elderly persons. The various difficulties in home care are also found in regional care, and it could be said that in Japan regional care serves as an "advanced model" for home medical care. Ohya Town is located in the mountains of northern Hyogo Prefecture. It has a population of about 5,000 of which 32% is elderly people. There is no railroad, and it takes around 30 minutes to travel to the central hospital from the area. The three town clinics are in contact with each other and with the central hospital concerning medical information. The characteristics of Home Parenteral Nutrition in this underpopulated district are discussed and reported in reference mainly to cases in which the 3 way valved peripherally inserted central venous catheter (Groshong Catheter) is used, in comparison with HPN cases in the city university hospital.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute effects of nitrogen dioxide after accidental release.

OBJECTIVES: Following an accidental release of nitrogen dioxide from a railroad tank car containing nitrous tetroxide, the authors undertook a study of the health effects of the release, measuring the association between acute low level exposure and pulmonary symptoms. METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of three emergency departments, surveyed 80 emergency department patients, 552 community residents, 21 chemical plant workers, and 29 emergency workers, and conducted a case-control study. Pulmonary case status was defined as having an objective pulmonary finding noted on the emergency department record, reporting that the onset of symptoms was subsequent to the release, and being within the city limits at the time of the release. Self-reported case status was defined as reporting one or more symptoms consistent with exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the week after the release and having been within the city limits at the time of the release. Control subjects were survey respondents who reported no symptoms in the week after the release and had been within the city limits at the time of the release. Chemical exposure was characterized by proximity to, direction from, and being outdoors within one hour after the release. Duration of potential exposure was not measured. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for symptoms by exposure level, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and preexisting pulmonary conditions. RESULTS: Local emergency department visits increased fivefold in the week after the release. The most common complaints recorded in a systematic sample of 528 visits in the first 30 hours after the release were headache (31%), burning eyes (30%), and sore throat (24%). Objective pulmonary findings were recorded for 41 (5%) patients in the week before and 165 (4%) in the week after the release. The odds of being a pulmonary case increased by 40% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity to the release (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 1.7), while the odds of being a self-reported case increased by 20% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.4). People who met the pulmonary case definition were 2.5 times (CI 1.3, 4.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 6.4 times (CI 3.2, 12.6) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. Self-reported cases were 2.6 times (95% CI 1.8, 3.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1, 3.1) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency department visits increased five-fold, but serious acute health effects were uncommon. People who met the pulmonary case definition were six times more likely to report pulmonary symptoms than those without preexisting conditions. This study was not designed to determine any potential long-term effects of exposure.

Accidents, Occupational↗