[Action of different types of gramicidin S derivatives on bacterial cells and protoplasts].
The work was concerned with studying the effect of gramicidin S derivatives with modified free amino groups of ornithine residues on bacterial cells and protoplasts. The substitution of the amino groups with neutral or carboxyl-containing groups eliminated or sharply decreased the antibacterial activity of gramicidin S, its binding to the cells, and the ability to change the permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes of the intact cells. However, the neutral derivatives and the derivative with acidic properties showed a considerable lytic activity when they were incubated with the protoplasts of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. Hence, these compounds preserved a certain membranotropic level. Those gramicidin S derivatives with modified ornithine amino groups which possessed basic properties were similar to gramicidin S in the antibiotic activity, the modified permeability of the membranes, the ability to bind with the cells, and the lytic action on the protoplasts.