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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Alternate day prednisone treatment may increase kidney transplant rejection.

A retrospective study has been done to determine whether alternate day prednisone and daily prednisone are equally safe. A statistically significant increase in the number of rejection episodes are measured by rises in serum creatinine occurred in the alternate day steroid group. The reasons for the difference may rest in the inherent mechanism of steroid action. The use of alternate day prednisone in transplantation should be reserved for the situations where the potential benefit clearly outweighs the risk of loss of the transplanted kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Therapy of primary glomerulonephritis. Comparative study on the effect of cytostatics-prednisone and cytostatics-anticoagulant-aggregation inhibitor combination].

The result of the treatment with chlorambucil, dipyridamol, heparin/warfarin and prednisone on 50 patients as well as with imuran and prednisone on 32 patients is compared. Basis for this is a detailed morphological and clinical subdivision. With the help of therapy results is tried to derive regions of indication: the therapy with cytostatics, anticoagulants and aggregation inhibitors is above all suitable for patients with a short duration of the disease and with sign of activity, also in renal insufficiency. On the other hand the therapy with cytostatics and prednisone is also successful in patients with longer duration of the disease and missing signs of activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prednisone treatment alters the serum amylase and lipase activities in normal dogs without causing pancreatitis.

In order to test the hypothesis that treatment with glucocorticoids causes pancreatitis in dogs, 18 mongrel dogs were divided into three groups of six individuals, each group receiving prednisone at different doses orally or intramuscularly for two weeks. Two groups consisting of six dogs each served as controls. Treatment for two weeks with oral prednisone at 1.2 mg/kg body weight or at 4 mg/kg body weight daily decreased the serum amylase activities, but increased the serum lipase activities. Postmortem examinations revealed microscopic evidence of mild pancreatitis in only one dog given prednisone, that clinically appeared normal. It was concluded that daily doses of 4 mg prednisone/kg body weight or less given orally or intramuscularly for two weeks do not cause pancreatitis in dogs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a new glucocorticoid, deflazacort, on pituitary-adrenal function in man: a comparison with prednisone.

The influence on plasma ACTH and cortisol and on blood sugar have been evaluated in seven volunteers after single oral doses of prednisone 4 mg and 8 mg and deflazacort 5 mg and 10 mg. Drugs were administered at midnight to achieve a maximum inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. No difference was detected in the majority of cases between the high and the low dose of each drug. In particular, the results obtained with the higher doses show a significant effect of both drugs on ACTH (at hour 4 after drug administration) and on cortisol (at hours 4, 8, 12 and 16). As for blood sugar, the hyperglycemic activity of deflazacort appears to be lower than prednisone at hours 12 and 16. On the whole, the potency of deflazacort appears similar to that of prednisone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Use of a low dose synthetic ACTH challenge test in normal and prednisone-treated dogs.

The utility of a low dose (1 microgram/kg) synthetic ACTH challenge test in detecting moderate reductions in adrenocortical sensitivity in dogs was examined. First, the adrenocortical responses to an intravenous bolus of either 1 microgram/kg or 0.25 mg per dog of synthetic ACTH were compared in two groups of normal dogs. While plasma cortisol concentrations were similar in both groups 60 minutes after ACTH injection, dogs given 0.25 mg ACTH showed continued elevations in plasma cortisol concentrations at 90 and 120 minutes after ACTH injection. Later, the dogs previously tested with the 1 microgram/kg ACTH challenge were given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone (2.2 mg/kg) and retested with 1 microgram/kg of ACTH one week later. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly reduced after ACTH injection in dogs previously given prednisone demonstrating that a single intramuscular prednisone dose causes detectable adrenocortical suppression one week after administration. The 1 microgram/kg synthetic ACTH challenge test provides a sensitive means for evaluating adrenocortical suppression in dogs.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Cyclosporine alone or in combination with prednisone in cadaveric renal transplantation.

One hundred recipients of first cadaveric kidney transplants were treated with three different immunosuppressive regimens: (1) conventional immunosuppression, (2) CsA alone, and (3) low-dose CsA in combination with low-dose prednisone, with rapid adjustment to give CsA whole blood trough levels of 300 to 800 ng/mL. One-year graft survival in the aza + pred group was 76%, and in the CsA alone group 75%. Graft survival at two and six months in the CsA-pred group was 94%. The dose of CsA in the CsA-pred group in the first two months posttransplant was only about half that given to the CsA-alone group. Surprisingly, the reduction in the CsA dose also reduced the number of methylprednisolone pulses given for treating rejection by greater than 50%. The incidence of nephrotoxicity and extrarenal side effects also fell considerably. Withdrawal of prednisone in the CsA-pred group after five months led to reversible rejection in two cases. In conclusion, (1) the rapid reduction in the CsA dosage is beneficial and has no drawbacks, and (2) our guidelines for withdrawing prednisone (timing of withdrawal, rate of reduction in dosage) still need further refinement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunosuppressive effects of deflazacort - a new glucocorticoid with bone-sparing and carbohydrate-sparing properties: comparison with prednisone.

Deflazacort is a synthetic glucocorticoid with fewer adverse effects on bone and carbohydrate metabolism than prednisone or beta-methasone. Its antiinflammatory effects have compared favorably to prednisone in European studies of rheumatoid arthritis. We compared the immune effects of prednisone and deflazacort in normal volunteers. Circulating lymphocytes were reduced similarly by equivalent doses of both drugs; monocyte numbers were reduced more by deflazacort. Each drug suppressed autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro and in vivo; this effect persisted longer with deflazacort. Deflazacort may be a superior therapeutic agent because of its lower toxicity and longer duration of one immunosuppressive effect; it might be effective in alternate day regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prednisone for chronic active hepatitis: pharmacokinetics and serum binding in patients with chronic active hepatitis and steroid major side effects.

The response of serum prednisolone to a single oral dose of 30 mg of prednisone was studied in 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis taking prednisone, and in six healthy volunteers. Five of the 12 patients developed major side effects with prednisone, and seven showed less or no side effects. The patients with major side effects generally had higher serum bilirubin and lower serum albumin levels than the others. Prednisolone peak levels were similar in the three groups. Unbound (free) serum prednisolone was higher at 2, 3, 4, and 8 hours, in patients with chronic active liver disease and major side effects, than in the other two groups. Studies in vitro showed that protein binding of prednisolone increased with increasing albumin concentrations, and that bilirubin could displace some bound prednisolone. We suggest that the association between major side effects, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperbilirubinemia in patients with chronic active hepatitis is attributable to increased serum unbound prednisolone caused by: 1) limited availability of binding sites (hypoalbuminemia), or 2) displacement of bound steroid by competition (hyperbilirubinemia).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sheehan's syndrome presenting with hypothyroidism and hypo-adrenalism despite treatment with thyroxine and prednisone.

A 35-year-old patient with Sheehan's syndrome presented with hypothyroidism and hypo-adrenalism despite having received treatment with regular daily L-thyroxine (0,3 mg) and prednisone (30 mg) for the preceding 12 months. Replacement of the prednisone with 37,5 mg cortisone acetate resulted in satisfactory control of the disease. The observations suggest that large doses of prednisone may interfere with thyroxine treatment.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Successful treatment with plasmapheresis after failure of prednisone.

A 33-year old Caucasian woman with SLE, who had been treated with chloroquine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for one year, suddenly presented with a rapidly progressive exacerbation of SLE featuring fever, arthritis, cutaneous manifestations, cerebral dysfunction, pleuritis, pericarditis and pancreatitis. Clinical deterioration and a rise in the serum amylase occurred during a month of high dose prednisone treatment. Plasmapheresis, while maintaining prednisone at a constant dosage, resulted in a complete remission of all symptoms within four weeks. Plasmapheresis was discontinued and improvement was maintained whilst tapering off prednisone and adding azathioprine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vindesine, carmustine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (EBAP) in recurrent lymphomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Seventy-eight patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had failed prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy were treated with a combination of vindesine, carmustine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (EBAP). Outpatient therapy was administered at 21-day intervals. Complete and partial responses were seen in 32 patients (41%). The response rate was higher for Hodgkin's disease (59%) than for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (31%). The median duration of response was 31 weeks in both groups, with a median survival of all patients of 35 weeks (responders, 122 weeks; nonresponders, 16 weeks). Myelotoxicity was greater using EBAP than in the earlier reported program with vincristine, carmustine, doxorubicin, and prednisone, and in the absence of higher response rates does not support the use of vindesine over vincristine in combination programs using nitrosoureas, anthracyclines, and prednisone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of short-term prednisone therapy on aminotransferase levels and hepatitis B virus markers in chronic type B hepatitis.

We have studied the effect of short-term high-dose prednisone therapy on aminotransferase levels and hepatitis B virus markers in 6 patients with chronic type B hepatitis. All showed a decrease in amino transferase levels during treatment. This was followed by a transient increase in aminotransferase levels after prednisone was discontinued. In 5 patients, there was a decrease in hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity at the time of postprednisone peak of aminotransferase levels. Three of them became transiently deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negative. All the patients have remained hepatitis B e antigen-positive throughout the period of observation. We have also found transient deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negativity unrelated to prednisone therapy in 2 patients with chronic type B hepatitis: in one during a superimposed episode of acute type A hepatitis, and in the other during a period of pronounced alanine aminotransferase elevation. We postulate that these periods of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negativity are due to a decreased number of hepatitis B virus-infected cells in the liver as a consequence of hepatic necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prednisone-induced increase of proteinuria in patients with a nephrotic syndrome.

Administration of prednisone to patients with nephrotic syndromes of different aetiologies caused an abrupt increase of proteinuria. The proteinuric effect started four hours after oral or intravenous administration and reached its maximum effect after eight to sixteen hours. In nine patients with epimembranous glomerulopathy mean proteinuria on non-prednisone (NP) days was 43.7 per cent lower than on prednisone (P) days. Variations were significantly greater at higher creatinine clearances. However, in individual patients there were neither differences in creatinine excretion nor in creatinine clearance between P and NP days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prednisone pulse therapy for refractory myeloma.

The utility of vindesine and a frequent prednisone schedule was evaluated in 70 patients with refractory myeloma. No patient responded to vindesine alone, but about one-fourth achieved significant tumor reductions from intermittent high-dose prednisone, either alone or in combination with vindesine. Forty-seven percent responded when prednisone pulses were combined with vincristine and doxorubicin, providing the best results yet achieved in our patients with refractory myeloma. In responding patients, remissions were of excellent quality and survival was prolonged significantly. These results supported the utility of a more frequent corticosteroid schedule with increased doxorubicin dose in patients with advanced and resistant multiple myeloma.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1981

Aspects of the natural history of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and the effect of prednisone.

The natural history of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis has been studied using prospectively collected data of 532 patients included in a randomized clinical trial with a regular follow-up of up to 12 yr. Of the total 199 patients who experienced gastrointestinal bleeding, 95 (48%) bled from esophageal or gastric varices, 67 (34%) bled from peptic ulcer or gastritis, and 37 (18%) had either insufficient evidence of the source (33) or mixed sources (4). In the total group of patients the cumulative percentage of patients in whom varices had been demonstrated of patients in whom varices had been demonstrated by radiography increased from 12 to 90 in 10 yr, while that of bleeding from varices increased from 7 to 40. In 104 patients who bled for the first time during the trial period (trial bleeding patients) the median number of bleeding episodes was one (range 1-8). In these patients the fatality from bleeding from varices was 82%. The risk of rebleeding from varices was 81%, and 4 yr after the first bleeding the cumulative survival had decreased to less than 10%. Rebleeding was significantly less frequent and survival significantly higher in patients bleeding from sources other than varices. Prednisone reduced the occurrence rate of varices, bleeding from varices, and death from bleeding varices in nonalcoholic females without ascites, 40% of whom fulfilled the histologic criteria of chronic active hepatitis. Prednisone significantly increased the occurrence rate of varices inpatient with ascites and of bleeding from varices in alcoholic patients. Prednisone significantly increased the occurrence rate of peptic ulcer in males and in patients without chronic active hepatitis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Assessment of myeloma maintenance regimen of prednisone. Adriamycin, imuran, and vincristine in a murine plasmacytoma model.

A current southeastern cancer study group protocol for the treatment of multiple myeloma involves induction with BCNU, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (BCP) and maintenance with either melphalan and prednisone (MP), prednisone, Adriamycin, imuran, and vincristine (PAIV), or delayed treatment of relapsed cases following induction. These combinations of drugs are used as induction regimens to establish their chemotherapeutic effects and hematological toxicity in the murine MOPC 104E plasmacytoma model. The three combinations of drugs produce rapid, reliable, and reproducible tumor regressions. However, MP is the only combination which consistently gives long-term disease-free survivors. This particular regimen has least toxicity and is considered to be most effective. BCP produces complete remission with no relapses; however, long-term survivors are not observed with this combination due to early deaths because of drug toxicity. Most of the mice on the PAIV regimen die due to drug toxicity. This combination is considered least effective. With the different drug regimens, toxic events and regressions are noted to occur at different time periods, indicating that perhaps tumor cells in different stages are being destroyed. Toxic events as measured by hematocrit and body weight changes always precede regression by several days. This disparity between rapid drug effects on the host and a delayed effect on the tumor remains unexplained but may possibly be used to advantage in designing future trials.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single dose of prednisone does not induce amphetamine-like subjective effects in healthy subjects.

Among the methods developed in assessing abuse liability, the behavioural and subjective effects of drugs can be recorded using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) in drug-experienced subjects and normal volunteers. Sixteen healthy volunteers with no history of drug abuse participated in the study. The subjective, behavioural and physiological effects of prednisone (30 and 60 mg) were compared with those of dextroamphetamine (15 mg) and placebo in a randomized double-blind Latin square design. The self-questionnaires (ARCI, Profile of Mood States, Visual Analogue Scales and Sleep Questionnaire) were completed before, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h post single oral dosing. Results showed that subjective effects of the two studied doses of prednisone did not resemble those induced by dextroamphetamine (15 mg). These results indicate that oral single doses of prednisone do not possess amphetamine-like subjective effects in a healthy population. The well established psychostimulant effect of amphetamine have been replicated on almost all subjective assessments.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of long-term cyclosporin and prednisone therapy on insulin secretory reserve].

Insulin secretory reserve assessed by the method of glucose potentiation of arginine induced insulin secretion is decreased in non-diabetic transplant recipients using triple immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. To determine whether this defect is due to the combined therapy or to a single agent, we examined the acute insulin response (AIR) to arginine at 5 levels of glucose (basal and 4 levels achieved by continuous glucose infusions) in 7 normoglycemic arthritis patients (AP) using long term prednisone (10.3 +/- 37 mg for 83 +/- 37 months), and 4 normoglycemic psoriasis patients (PP) using long term cyclosporine (350 +/- 61 mg for 25 +/- 4 months) and compared them with matched healthy controls (CON). Long-term cyclosporine (ANOVA p = 0.016 compared to control subjects) but not prednisone treatment decreased insulin secretory reserve. We conclude that cyclosporine might have an adverse effect on beta-cell function and contribute to posttransplant diabetes.

Adult↗