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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A height-adjusted step test for predicting maximal oxygen consumption in males.

A suitable testing device that is generally favored for estimating maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) under field conditions or in environments where testing equipment is limited is the step test. Recently a mathematical model was reported to standardize the height of stepping for individuals of various heights. The purpose of this study was to validate this model in males. Thirty-three men aged 18 to 47 (x = 28) performed each of three rate-specific step tests and a Bruce treadmill test. Direct measurements of VO2max obtained from the treadmill test were correlated with a 15 second recovery heart rates after three different step tests were performed at stepping frequencies of 22, 26 and 30 ascents/minute. The correlation coefficients for prediction of VO2max from the recovery heart rate and directly measured oxygen consumption were 0.77 at 22 and 0.81 at 26 and 30 ascents/minute. Each relationship was statistically significant at the p < 0.01 level. It can be concluded that the single-stage height adjusted step test provides an effective predictor of VO2max in males and can be used when more complex methods of clinical testing are unavailable or not feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A self-paced step test to predict aerobic fitness in older adults in the primary care clinic.

OBJECTIVES: To study the potential usefulness of a submaximal self-paced step test as a prediction of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) in older adults in the primary care setting. DESIGN: Data were collected during a prospective randomized study of an exercise program. SETTING: Four university family medical clinics in London, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 240 healthy older (> or =65) men (n = 118) and women (n = 122) from four family medical clinics underwent self-paced step testing in the clinic with a family physician (n = 16), and step testing and a maximal exercise treadmill test with measurement of respired gases in an exercise laboratory. Testing was done in random order (clinic/laboratory) separated by 2 weeks and then repeated at 52 weeks, following introduction of an exercise program. Relationships between outcome variables were examined by Pearson correlation coefficients while prediction of VO2max was examined using multivariate regression analysis. Cross-validation with 30 age-matched hypertensive and 40 age-matched post-hip arthroplasty patients was used to test the accuracy of the predictive models. MEASUREMENTS: Measured VO2max, predicted VO2max, step test time, step test heart rate, body mass index (BMI), and O2 pulse. RESULTS: Two hundred women (n = 108) and men (n = 92) completed both the initial and 52-week assessments. Stepping time, heart rate, age, BMI, and O2 pulse were strongly associated with VO2max for both a normal and a fast step pace and were chosen to develop the predictive model. Normal step-pace correlation with VO2max (ml/kg/min) was no different (female 0.93: male 0.91) from fast pace (0.95:0.90) with no difference between clinic and laboratory measurement at baseline or 52 weeks. Cross-validation showed no significant difference from the main group using the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: The self-paced step test is a safe and simple clinical instrument that strongly and reliably predicts VO2max, is sensitive to change, and is generalizable in the family practice setting among community-dwelling older adults differing in fitness and health status.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Methodology to determine failure characteristics of planar soft tissues using a dynamic tensile test.

Predicting the injury risk in automotive collisions requires accurate knowledge of human tissues, more particularly their mechanical properties under dynamic loadings. The present methodology aims to determine the failure characteristics of planar soft tissues such as skin, hollow organs and large vessel walls. This consists of a dynamic tensile test, which implies high-testing velocities close to those in automotive collisions. To proceed, I-shaped tissue samples are subjected to dynamic tensile tests using a customized tensile device based on the drop test principle. Data acquisition has especially been adapted to heterogeneous and soft biological tissues given that standard measurement systems (considered to be global) have been completed with a non-contact and full-field strain measurement (considered to be local). This local measurement technique, called the Image Correlation Method (ICM) provides an accurate strain analysis by revealing strain concentrations and avoids damaging the tissue. The methodology has first been applied to human forehead skin and can be further expanded to other planar soft tissues. The failure characteristics for the skin in terms of ultimate stress are 3 MPa +/- 1.5 MPa. The ultimate global longitudinal strains are equal to 9.5%+/-1.9% (Green-Lagrange strain), which contrasts with the ultimate local longitudinal strain values of 24.0%+/-5.3% (Green-Lagrange strain). This difference is a consequence of the tissue heterogeneity, clearly illustrated by the heterogeneous distribution of the local strain field. All data will assist in developing the tissue constitutive law that will be implemented in finite element models.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2003

Three tests for predicting aspiration without videofluorography.

The videofluorographic swallowing study (VFSS) is the definitive test to identify aspiration and other abnormalities of swallowing. When a VFSS is not feasible, nonvideofluorographic (non-VFG) clinical assessment of swallowing is essential. We studied the accuracy of three non-VFG tests for assessing risk of aspiration: (1) the water swallowing test (3 ml of water are placed under the tongue and the patient is asked to swallow); (2) the food test (4 g of pudding are placed on the dorsum of the tongue and the patient asked to swallow); and (3) the X-ray test (static radiographs of the pharynx are taken before and after swallowing liquid barium). Sixty-three individuals with dysphagia were each evaluated with the three non-VFG tests and a VFSS; 29 patients aspirated on the VFSS. The summed scores of all three non-VFG tests had a sensitivity of 90% for predicting aspiration and specificity of 71% for predicting its absence. The summed scores of the water and food tests (without X-ray) had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 56%. These non-VFG tests have limitations but may be useful for assessing patients when VFSS is not feasible. They may also be useful as screening procedures to determine which dysphagia patients need a VFSS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Impact of BRCA1/2 status on young women's sexual function, relationships, and reproduction after predictive genetic testing.

The experiences and outcomes for women identified with a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant during young adulthood are qualitatively described but not well quantified. This study investigated the impact of BRCA1/2 status on women's reproduction, intimate partner relationships, and sexual functioning. Australian women aged 18-40 years who had predictive BRCA1/2 testing, received either a positive or negative result, and had no personal cancer history, completed an online survey that used a case-control design. Outcome measures included childbearing, use of reproductive technologies, relationship status, and sexual functioning. 579 women participated (62.0% with a BRCA1/2 PV; 38.0% without a BRCA1/2 PV). More women with a BRCA1/2 PV had children compared to those who did not (49.0% c.f., 40.5%; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.045). BRCA1/2 status did not predict whether women were partnered at survey completion (Odds Ratio 1.20; 95% CI 0.80, 1.78) or their sexual functioning over the previous month (&#x3b2;-coefficient -0.08; 95% CI -1.15, 0.98). Women with a BRCA1/2 PV were more likely to have children after genetic testing (OR 1.83: 95% CI 1.05, 3.21) and were more likely to have a greater number of children after genetic testing (&#x3b2;-coefficient 0.41; 95% CI 0.10, 0.73) compared to women without a BRCA1/2 PV, after adjustment for confounders. Receiving a positive predictive BRCA1/2 result is associated with an increased likelihood of childbearing and having a greater number of children compared to receiving a negative predictive BRCA1/2 result. These findings contribute to the evidence base to inform long-term follow-up for women after predictive BRCA1/2 testing.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Selecting valid in vitro biocompatibility tests that predict the in vivo healing response of synthetic vascular prostheses.

We have investigated the usefulness of six in vitro biocompatibility tests in predicting the healing performance of polyester vascular prostheses as observed in previous canine in vivo trials. Vascular grafts were evaluated by using (i) a direct contact (DC) assay, (ii) an extract dilution (ED) assay on murine fibroblast cells, (iii) a DC assay on endothelial cells, (iv) a complement activation study, (v) a leucocyte activation study of CD18 integrin subunit expression on human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and (vi) interleukin-2 receptor expression on lymphocytes. Uncleaned polyester grafts had previously been associated with poor healing and gelatin-impregnated polyester grafts with delayed but satisfactory healing, whereas commercially cleaned polyester grafts had demonstrated excellent healing. Lightweight and heavyweight knitted and woven polyester grafts supplied specifically for this project were studied, each with a different surface condition, i.e. commercially available (CP), uncleaned (UP) and impregnated with gelatin (GP). The UP grafts induced fibroblast cytotoxicity according to the ED assay, poor migration and viability of endothelial cells, and an elevated expression of CD18 and interleukin-2 receptor on PMNs and lymphocytes, respectively. In contrast, the CP grafts promoted good endothelial cell growth, no evidence of cytotoxicity and a weaker cell activation, and the GP grafts were found to be non-cytotoxic, to exhibit a good cellular response and to moderate cell activation. The complement activation assay and the DC assay on fibroblasts were found to be less useful and less discriminating. From this, it is concluded that the two cell activation measurements, the DC assay on endothelial cells and ED assay on fibroblasts, are useful in predicting the in vivo healing response of arterial polyester substitutes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

The value of a perception and control test in predicting performance in dental students and ancillary personnel.

A test designed to measure basic manual perception and control skills, assumed to be less susceptible to the effects of haphazard and unplanned training, was developed and used with groups of dental students and ancillary personnel. The test was similar to one reported to be successful in predicting practical ability in American dental students. Statistical techniques were used to compare the results of the perception and control test with practical and theory examination results. The results show that the perception and control test is not a reliable predictor of performance with British dental students but was more successful with the ancillary groups and particularly with dental auxiliaries.

Dental Auxiliaries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for evaluating horizontal well pumping tests.

Predicting the future performance of horizontal wells under varying pumping conditions requires estimates of basic aquifer parameters, notably transmissivity and storativity. For vertical wells, there are well-established methods for estimating these parameters, typically based on either the recovery from induced head changes in a well or from the head response in observation wells to pumping in a test well. Comparable aquifer parameter estimation methods for horizontal wells have not been presented in the ground water literature. Formation parameter estimation methods based on measurements of pressure in horizontal wells have been presented in the petroleum industry literature, but these methods have limited applicability for ground water evaluation and are based on pressure measurements in only the horizontal well borehole, rather than in observation wells. This paper presents a simple and versatile method by which pumping test procedures developed for vertical wells can be applied to horizontal well pumping tests. The method presented here uses the principle of superposition to represent the horizontal well as a series of partially penetrating vertical wells. This concept is used to estimate a distance from an observation well at which a vertical well that has the same total pumping rate as the horizontal well will produce the same drawdown as the horizontal well. This equivalent distance may then be associated with an observation well for use in pumping test algorithms and type curves developed for vertical wells. The method is shown to produce good results for confined aquifers and unconfined aquifers in the absence of delayed yield response. For unconfined aquifers, the presence of delayed yield response increases the method error.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1985

Disopyramide induced second and third degree atrioventricular block in patients with bifascicular block. An acute stress test to predict atrioventricular block progression.

Syncopal attacks in patients with bifascicular block may be due to both ventricular tachyarrhythmias and intermittent atrioventricular block in addition to non-cardiac causes and lead to antiarrhythmic treatment with drugs or pacemaker or both. The acute electrophysiological effect of intravenous disopyramide 2 mg/kg body weight given over five minutes on the His-Purkinje system was assessed in 27 patients with chronic bifascicular block undergoing evaluation for permanent pacemaker treatment. The predictive value of this pharmacological stress test as regards the development of atrioventricular block during follow up was analysed. The HV interval increased (mean 43%) and the QRS duration was prolonged (mean 24%). Intrahisian or infrahisian second or third degree atrioventricular block occurred in 14 patients after disopyramide administration, requiring temporary pacing in four of them. Before the electrophysiological study 15 of the 27 patients had had at least two syncopal attacks of suspected cardiac origin but no evidence of second or third degree atrioventricular block. Second or third degree atrioventricular block was subsequently recorded in five of these 15 patients during a mean of two years follow up. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of second or third degree atrioventricular block produced by disopyramide administration including subsequent atrial pacing--a positive disopyramide test--as regards later development of atrioventricular block were 80%, 90%, and 80% respectively. Intravenous administration of disopyramide to patients with bifascicular block and syncopal attacks of suspected cardiac origin may provoke atrioventricular block and asystole requiring immediate temporary pacing. Furthermore, a positive disopyramide test seems to have a significant value in predicting the later development of atrioventricular block.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The use of the hand-grip test for predicting pregnancy-induced hypertension.

To assess the potential of the hand-grip exercise test as a screening test for pregnancy-induced hypertension a prospective non-interventional study was carried out in a teaching hospital antenatal clinic. The hand-grip test was performed on 200 nulliparous, normotensive subjects at 28-32 weeks gestation. The main outcome measurement was the subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia. The sensitivity of the technique in predicting pregnancy-induced hypertension was 53% and the specificity was 94%. The sensitivity of the test in predicting pre-eclampsia was 80% and the specificity was 92%. The time-consuming nature of the hand-grip test probably restricts use of the technique to research studies where selection of a high-risk group is required.

Exercise Test↗
PubMed2006

The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the prediction of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving.

We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relative effectiveness of four preoperative tests for predicting adverse cardiac outcomes after vascular surgery: a meta-analysis.

Various noninvasive tests have been proposed to stratify perioperative cardiovascular risk, including dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy (DTS), ejection fraction estimation by radionuclide ventriculography (RNV), ischemia monitoring by ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG), and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Which of these tests is most effective for predicting adverse perioperative cardiac outcome? To answer this question, and also to stimulate future studies, we evaluated 56 studies examining one or more of the four tests. We conducted meta-analysis on 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Outcome measures evaluated were cardiac death or myocardial infarction occurring during hospital stay or within 1 mo after surgery. Relative risk (RR), which is the probability of adverse cardiac outcome when the test is positive divided by the probability of adverse outcome when the test is negative, was used to combine evidence from different studies. An empirical Bayes procedure with a normal-normal hierarchic model was then used to obtain a meta-analytic confidence interval for the overall median of the relative risks. The between-study variance was estimated using the method of moments approach described by DerSimonian and Laird (Controlled Clin Trials 1986;7:177-88). Combined (median) RR [95% confidence interval (CI)] and the number of studies included in our meta-analysis for different evaluative tests were as follows: DTS 4.6 (2.1-10.4) (n = 6); RNV 3.7 (1.6-8.3) (n = 5); AECG 2.7 (1.4-5.1) (n = 6), and DSE 6.2 (1.7-22.8) (n = 3). We conclude that while DTS, RNV, AECG, and DSE are effective (the 95% CIs are greater than 1.0) in predicting the cardiac outcome after vascular surgery, the data are not definitive in determining the optimal test (95% CIs for RR overlap). Future studies should include DSE, as this test shows great promise for predicting adverse cardiac events after vascular surgery.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2005

Effects of male reproductive toxicants on gene expression in rat testes.

Predictive biomarkers of testicular toxicity are needed for an efficient development of drugs. The purpose of the present study was to obtain further insight into the toxicity mechanisms of various male reproductive toxicants and to detect genomic biomarkers for rapid screening of testicular toxicity. Four reproductive toxicants, 2,5-hexanedione (Sertoli cells toxicant), ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME; spermatocytes toxicant), cyclophosphamide (spermatogonia toxicant) and sulfasalazine, were orally administered to male rats once. Six hours after the single dosing, gene expression in the testes was monitored by cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR and the testes were histopathologically examined. No histopathological abnormality was detected except for slight degeneration of spermatocytes in the EGME-treated testes. cDNA microarray analysis revealed differential gene expression profiles, and it was possible based on the profiles to characterize the action of the compounds in the testes. Interestingly, 3 spermatogenesis-related genes -- heat shock protein 70-2, insulin growth factor binding protein 3 and glutathione S transferase pi -- were affected by all the compounds. The above changes of gene expression were detectable within a short period after the dosing prior to the appearance of obvious pathological changes. These data suggest that cDNA microarray is a useful technique for evaluation of primary testicular toxicity. Furthermore, we propose the above 3 spermatogenesis-related genes as potential biomarkers of testicular toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Use of clinical and impairment-based tests to predict falls by community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few tests have been found to be strongly predictive of falls in community-dwelling older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether data from 5 balance tests-combined with data regarding fall history, number of medications, dizziness, visual problems, use of an assistive device, physical activity level, sex, and age-could predict falls in community-dwelling older adults who were independent. SUBJECTS: Ninety-nine community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 90 years (X =74.02, SD=5.64) were tested. METHODS: Subjects were tracked for falls over a 1-year period following testing. Impairment-based tests, which are tests that attempt to specifically identify which sensory systems are impaired or how motor control is impaired (eg, speed, accuracy of movement), were the Modified Clinical Tests of Sensory Interaction for Balance (Modified CTSIB) and the 100% Limits of Stability Test, both of which were done on the Balance Master 6.1. Performance-based tests, which are functional tests that identify functional limitations without necessarily identifying their causes, were the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed "Up Go" Test, and the Dynamic Gait Index. Demographic and health data included age, sex, number of medications, physical activity level, presence of dizziness, vision problems, and history of falls over the previous year. Logistic regression was used to determine which combinations of data from balance tests, demographics, and health factors were predictive of falls. RESULTS: Two models-(1) the "standing on a firm surface with eyes closed" (FEC) condition of the Modified CTSIB and (2) the FEC combined with age and sex-were predictive of falls, but predicted only 1 and 2 subjects who were at risk for falling, respectively, out of 20 people who were at risk for falling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Five balance tests combined with health and demographic factors did not predict falls in a sample of community-dwelling older adults who were active and independent.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Exercise treadmill test may predict clinical outcome among working-aged patients suspected of coronary heart disease in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To specify the diagnostic value of treadmill tests conducted in primary health care by trained GPs for working-aged patients. DESIGN: A two-year follow-up study. SETTING: Kangasala Health Centre, Finland. SUBJECTS: All patients under the age of 60 (n = 348) examined by exercise treadmill test carried out by trained GPs during a period of three years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of patients having a diagnosis of coronary heart disease at the end of two years' follow-up. Predictive values of the exercise test. RESULTS: During the two years' follow-up period CHD was diagnosed in six of the patients who did not yield a positive finding in the test. A negative finding in the test was very reliable; coronary heart disease manifested in only 2% of these cases. Almost half of the patients yielding a positive finding ended up having coronary angiography and 1 in 10 underwent coronary bypass surgery. CONCLUSION: Among working-aged patients suspected of coronary heart disease an exercise treadmill test may predict clinical outcome in general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Germline mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in children with osteosarcoma.

PURPOSE: We investigated the possibility that a significant proportion of children with osteosarcoma harbor germline mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and, therefore, this subgroup of pediatric cancer patients should be considered for large-scale predictive testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral-blood leukocytes from 235 unselected children with osteosarcoma from 33 institutions were screened for the presence of germline p53 mutations using constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE). Exons 5 through 8 were evaluated in all patients and exon 2 and exon 9 were analyzed in 59 and 95 patients, respectively. Those samples that showed aberrant migration on CDGE were sequenced or analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products to confirm the nature of the gene alteration. RESULTS: In 18 samples, CDGE showed fragments of the p53 gene with altered electrophoretic mobilities compared with wild-type p53. DNA sequencing showed that 11 samples had an identical, previously described polymorphism. The other seven contained heterozygous p53 mutations located in exon 5 (n = 3), exon 6 (n = 1), exon 7 (n = 1), and exon 8 (n = 2). Six alterations were missense mutations and one was a nonsense mutation. Three of these patients had first-degree relatives with cancer. One of these three kindreds had a family history consistent with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). CONCLUSION: We identified germline p53 mutations in seven of 235 (3.0%) children with osteosarcoma. Four of these mutations were found in patients who did not have first-degree relatives with cancer. Although genetic transmission of the altered p53 gene could not be tested in this survey because of how it was designed, it is possible that predictive testing for p53 mutations could identify unaffected relatives of gene carriers who also have a high risk for the development of cancer. This study provides evidence for the importance of considering children with osteosarcoma for predictive testing for germline p53 mutations.

Base Sequence↗