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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors: findings from National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996.

BACKGROUND: To report the overall and regional prevalence of obesity/overweight in Taiwan and to study its associated risk factors. METHODS: A total of 3046 adults > or = 20 years of age collected in National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 21.1 and 4.0% under the current WHO definition. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, using the Taiwanese definition (BMI = 24-26.99 kg/m(2) and > or = 27 kg/m(2), respectively), were 22.9 and 10.5% for males and 20.3 and 13.2% for females, respectively. The highest prevalence rates of obesity were found in the mountainous areas. In addition to age and residing location, education level in women and metabolic equivalent (MET) score and alcohol consumption in men were correlates of obesity. Effects of nutrition/health-related behaviors might be in part explained by education level and residing location of the subjects. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity defined by WHO criteria among people in Taiwan was moderate, with considerable regional variation. The regional differences in obesity prevalence could not be completely accounted for by the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Detection of genetically modified maize MON810 and NK603 by multiplex and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods.

In this study, the event-specific primers for insecticide-resistant maize, MON810, and herbicide-tolerance maize, NK603, have been designed. Simplex PCR and multiplex PCR detection method have been developed. The detection limit of the multiplex PCR is 0.5% for MON810 and NK603 in 50 ng of the template for one reaction. Quantitative methods based on real-time quantitative PCR were developed for MON810 and NK603. Plasmid pMulM2 as reference molecules for the detection of MON810 and NK603 was constructed. Quantification range was from 0.5 to 100% in 100 ng of the DNA template for one reaction. The precision of real-time Q-PCR detection methods, expressed as coefficient of variation for MON810 and NK603 varied from 1.97 to 8.01% and from 3.45 to 10.94%, respectively. The range agreed with European interlaboratories test results (25%). According to the results, the methods for quantitative detection of genetically modified maize were acceptable.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed2004

[Dynamics of ecological landscape pattern and its affecting factors in desert-oasis in Fukang, Xinjiang].

The spatial pattern of ecological landscape during land utilization in Fukang is heavily influenced by natural difference and the scale of water and land resource development. Analyses on the spatial pattern based on different zones and indexes showed that from 1987 to 1998, the change of the spatial pattern of ecological landscape during land utilization in Fukang was mainly the increase of plantation area in pluvial fan and the decrease in alluvial plain. The case was on the contrary about badlands. The acreage of woodland decreased in lower mountains, uplands and alluvial plain, but no variety in alluvial plain. The acreage of grassland increased in lower mountains and uplands, while decreased in other fields. The acreage of town increased in each sample field, while that of water area remained uncharged. The landscape diversity and evenness was descending, the dominance was ascending in lower mountains and in pluvial fan, while it was reverse in alluvial plain. Accessorial fragmentation showed the increasing influence of human beings. The change of the spatial pattern of ecological landscape in Fukang focused on the acreage alteration of plantation and badlands in pluvial fan and alluvial plain. The key factor was the dynamic variation of water-salt in water and soil resource utilization. Terrain and land utilization were the key factors affecting water table, and the continuous changes of the water table worked on the spatial distribution of soil water-salt.

China↗
PubMed2002

Determination of bronchoalveolar lavage leukocyte populations by flow cytometry in patients investigated for respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Characteristic changes in the proportions of leukocyte populations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) reflect different disease states in the lung. The standard method for examination of BAL leukocytes is by microscopy of cytospin preparations. This method may not be the optimum technique due to difficulties in distinguishing cell types morphologically and due to the low number of cells routinely counted. We hypothesized that flow cytometry (FCM) may be a more precise tool for investigating BAL. METHODS: 100 BALs were performed on 92 patients. All samples were stained using the pan-leukocyte marker (CD45) in combination with a granulocyte marker (CD15) and a cell viability marker (7-aminoactinomycin D). Selected samples were also stained with an eosinophil marker (CD23). These samples were run on an FCM and the results compared with leukocyte differentials obtained by light microscopy of parallel cytospin preparations. RESULTS: Close correlations between the two methods were demonstrated for the enumeration of all leukocyte subsets, but the coefficient of variation was considerably lower by FCM than by cytospin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, combined with the speed of FCM and the ability to perform simple lymphocyte phenotyping, argue in favor of this becoming the method of choice for investigating BAL.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed2002

Examining time trends in the Oldowan technology at Beds I and II, Olduvai Gorge.

The lithic analysis of the Bed I and II assemblages from Olduvai Gorge reveals both static and dynamic time trends in early hominids' technology from 1.8 to 1.2 m.y.a. The Bed I Oldowan (1.87-1.75 m.y.a.) is characterized by the least effort strategy in terms of raw material exploitation and tool production. The inclusion of new raw material, chert, for toolmaking in the following Developed Oldowan A (DOA, 1.65-1.53 m.y.a.) facilitated more distinctive and variable flaking strategies depending on the kind of raw materials. The unique characters of DOA are explainable by this raw material factor, rather than technological development of hominids. The disappearance of chert in the subsequent Developed Oldowan B and Acheulian (1.53-1.2 m.y.a.) necessitated a shift in tool production strategy more similar to that of Bed I Oldowan than DOA. However, the evidence suggests that Bed II hominids might have been more skillful toolmakers, intensive tool-users, and engaged in more active transport of stone tools than the Bed I predecessors. Koobi Fora hominids maintained a more static tool-using behavior than their Olduvai counterparts due mainly to a stable supply of raw materials. They differed from Olduvai hominids in terms of less battering of cores, consistent transport behavior, and few productions of side-struck flakes, indicating a regional variation of toolmaking and using practice. However, they shared with Olduvai hominids a temporal trend toward the production of larger flakes from larger cores after 1.6 m.y.a. Increased intake of animal resources and the expansion of ranging area of Homo ergaster would have led to the development of technological organization. Technological changes in the Oldowan industry are attested at Olduvai Gorge, Koobi Fora, and Sterkfontein, suggesting that it was a pan-African synchronous phenomenon, beginning at 1.5 m.y.a.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Structural variation of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter repeat polymorphism in nonhuman primates.

By conferring allele-specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial behavior and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the presence and variability of this MAOA promoter repeat in several species of nonhuman primates. Sequence analysis of MAOA's transcriptional control region revealed the presence of the VNTR in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The majority of P. troglodytes and P. paniscus showed a single repeat with a sequence identical to the VNTR sequence in humans. In contrast, analyses of the remaining species revealed shorter sequences similar to the first 18 bp of human VNTR. Compared with other nonhuman primates, the VNTR sequence of M. mulatta showed the highest length variability with allele frequencies of 35, 25 and 40% for the five, six and seven repeat variants, respectively. The extent of variability of the MAOA promoter repeat in both rhesus monkeys and humans supports the notion that there may be a relationship between functional MAOA expression and aggression-related traits in humans and rhesus macaque populations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. A preliminary report.

We present a preliminary report on the differences and similarities in material culture among four neighbouring chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) communities. One of these communities includes Bossou, a long-term field site of wild chimpanzees, in Guinea, West Africa. We also conducted surveys of three new sites. Two of those surveyed areas, Seringbara in Guinea and Yealé in Côte d'Ivoire, are located less than 12 km away from Bossou in the Nimba Mountains region, which forms a natural boundary between Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire. The third, Diécké, is situated further south-west, closer to the border with Liberia. During the surveys, we gathered behavioural information about these neighbouring populations of chimpanzees. The differences, as well as similarities, in material culture were tabulated based on our findings. The three behavioural variants found so far involve differences in nut cracking behaviour with regard to the species of nut cracked. Some variation in materials used for nut cracking has also been recorded. However, we still need to establish whether these local variations can be explained by the demands of the physical and biotic environments in which the populations of chimpanzees live. If these alternative hypotheses can be excluded with continuing research at the study sites, these differences are likely to be cultural behaviours that are influenced by the social context and mode, i.e. horizontal, vertical or oblique, of transmission, by the social structure and organisation of each community and/or perhaps by some form of social norms prevalent within these communities.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Age-stratified mutation patterns in early-onset colorectal cancer reveal distinct molecular features and therapeutic implications.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly diagnosed in younger adults, with evidence that early-onset cases (age <50 years) differ in the spectrum of prevalent gene mutations compared with older individuals. To evaluate how these age-related differences may inform testing guidelines and therapeutic development, we examined mutation rates of the most prevalent gene mutations across four age-stratified cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinicogenomic data were obtained from Memorial Sloan Kettering Center for Harmonized Onco-genomic Research Dataset and China Pan-Cancer cohorts available in cBioPortal. A total of 6762 samples were analyzed. Mutation frequencies for a comprehensive panel of the 100 most prevalent CRC genes were compared across four age groups: 18-29 (n = 79), 30-39 (n = 402), 40-49 (n = 1064), and &#x2265;50 (n = 5217) using chi-square analysis. False discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons was carried out using Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. RESULTS: Statistically significant variation in mutation frequency across age groups was seen in 22 key genes. APC mutations increased with age and were seen in 49.4% of patients in the 18-29 group, 69.7% in 30-39, 73.3% in 40-49, and 75.25% of patients &#x2265;50 (P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). The oldest cohort was more than three times more likely to have an APC mutation than the youngest [odds ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.44-5.74, P < 0.001]. In contrast, SMAD4 mutations were twice as common in the youngest age group at 31.6% compared with those over 40, with a prevalence of 17.29% in patients 40-49, and 18.84% in patients over 50 (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.26-3.27, P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). POLE mutations peaked in the 30-39 age group with a prevalence of 10.7% compared with 6.3% in patients aged 18-29, 4.9% in patients aged 40-49, and 5.9% in patients aged &#x2265;50 (P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). Individuals in the 30-39 group were nearly twice as likely to carry a POLE mutation compared with those over 40 (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.41-2.74, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in mutations of key genes including a lower prevalence of APC mutations and increased SMAD4 mutations in younger individuals provides further supporting evidence that early-onset CRC may represent a distinct biological subtype of CRC. Enrichment of POLE mutations in younger patients highlights the importance of expanded molecular profiling in early-onset CRC, which could help identify patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy and advance personalized treatment strategies in CRC. Together, these findings reinforce the need to approach early-onset CRC as a distinct biological entity and ensure that appropriate molecular assays are incorporated to guide care.

APC↗
PubMed2002

Isolation and characterization of rabbit single chain antibodies to human Reg Ialpha protein.

To investigate the role of Reg Ialpha in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we made two phage-displayed single chain variable fragment (scFv) libraries from rabbits immunized with recombinant or native human Reg Ialpha. After one to three rounds of panning, we were able to isolate phage-displaying scFvs, which bound to human Reg Ialpha. Anti-Reg Ialpha scFvs from both libraries showed similar immunoreactivity to different processed forms of the protein. Despite several DNA fingerprint patterns among these clones, their deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous with 100% identity in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the variable segment of heavy chain (VH) region and a small variation in the CDR1 of the variable segment of light chain (VL) region. We also expressed and purified soluble myc-tagged or glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion scFv proteins from bacteria. Immunohistochemical studies using one of our anti-Reg Ialpha scFv antibodies showed prominent staining in the metaplastic Paneth cell population and light staining in the lamina propria. This scFv antibody is now being used for studies of the role of Reg Ialpha in human IBD.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Cloning, structural characterization, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the human prostaglandin E(2) receptor EP2 subtype.

Northern blot analysis of human placental RNA using a probe to the 5' end of the human prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) EP2 receptor subtype coding region revealed the existence of a high abundance, low molecular weight transcript. To investigate the origin of this transcript, and its possible relationship to the human EP2 mRNA, we have cloned and characterized the gene encoding the human PGE(2) EP2 receptor subtype, identified transcriptional initiation and termination sites in two tissues (spleen and thymus), and determined its chromosomal localization. The human EP2 gene consists of two exons separated by a large intron, utilizes a common initiation site in both spleen and thymus at 1113 bp upstream of the translation initiation site, and has 3' transcript termini at 1140 bp and 1149 bp downstream of the translation stop site in spleen and thymus respectively. Southern and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated the human EP2 gene to be a single copy gene located in band 22 of the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q22). Though our initial interest in this gene was to investigate potential differential splicing of the human EP2 gene in placenta, this work demonstrates that the atypical transcript observed in placenta probably arises from a distinct, yet related, gene. Knowledge of the sequence, structure, and transcription events associated with the human EP2 gene will enable a broader understanding of its regulation and potential role in normal physiology and disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

CYP2D6 genetic variation in healthy adults and psychiatric African-American subjects: implications for clinical practice and genetic testing.

Limited information is available on the frequency of the many CYP2D6 alleles found in African-Americans. DNA was isolated and genetic testing was performed on samples from 222 African-Americans, healthy controls (n=131), and psychiatric patients (n=91). Each DNA was tested for CYP2D6 alleles *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *14, *15, *17, *18, *19, *20, *25, *26, *29, *30, *31, *35, *36, *37, *40, *41 and *43 and 8 multiple copy alleles (*1xn, *2xn, *4xn, *41xn, *2Lxn, *17xn, *35xn and *10xn) using the AmpliChip CYP450 prototype microarray assay, along with allele-specific-PCR and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. No significant difference was noted between controls and psychiatric patients in any CYP2D6 allele frequencies. Three subjects were genotyped as poor metabolizers (1.4%; 0.0-2.9%, 95% confidence intervals (CI)), and 10 were classified as ultrarapid metabolizers (4.5%; 1.8-7.2%, 95% CI). A new CYP2D6 allele (*58) and two new duplicated CYP2D6 alleles (*17xn and *2Lxn) not previously reported were also identified. The frequency of the CYP2D6 overexpression in African-Americans may represent a greater therapeutic challenge than its deficiency based on these results. The most common alleles found in African-Americans including CYP2D6*1, *17 and *41 need to be investigated more closely for race-specific allelic variations and the mechanism responsible for differences in allele function more closely examined. The diversity of CYP2D6 alleles suggests that nucleotide arrays or similar methods are needed to efficiently test for the most prominent/relevant CYP2D6 alleles in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha- or lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the murine P-selectin gene in endothelial cells involves novel kappaB sites and a variant activating transcription factor/cAMP response element.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases expression of the P-selectin gene in murine, but not in human, endothelial cells. These mediators augment expression of a reporter gene driven by the murine, but not the human, P-selectin promoter in transfected endothelial cells. The regions from -593 to -474 and from -229 to -13 in the murine P-selectin promoter are required for TNF-alpha or LPS to stimulate reporter gene expression. Within these regions, we identified two tandem kappaB elements, a reverse-oriented kappaB site and a variant activating transcription factor/cAMP response element (ATF/CRE), that participate in TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced expression. The tandem kappaB elements bound to NF-kappaB heterodimers and p65 homodimers, the reverse-oriented kappaB site bound to p65 homodimers, and the variant ATF/CRE bound to nuclear proteins that included activating transcription factor-2. Mutations in each individual element eliminated binding to nuclear proteins and decreased by 20-60% the TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced expression of a reporter gene driven by the murine P-selectin promoter in transfected endothelial cells. Simultaneous mutations of all elements further decreased, but did not abolish, induced expression. Co-overexpression of p50 and p65 enhanced murine P-selectin promoter activity in a kappaB site-dependent manner. These data indicate that the kappaB sites and the variant ATF/CRE are required for TNF-alpha or LPS to optimally induce expression of the murine P-selectin gene. The presence of these elements in the murine, but not the human, P-selectin gene may explain in part why TNF-alpha or LPS stimulates transcription of P-selectin in a species-specific manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Frequencies of complex chromosome exchange aberrations induced by 238Pu alpha-particles and detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization using single chromosome-specific probes.

We undertook an analysis of chromosome-type exchange aberrations induced by alpha-particles using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome-specific probes for human chromosomes 1 or 4, together with a pan-centromeric probe. Contact-inhibited primary human fibroblasts (in G1) were irradiated with 0.41-1.00 Gy 238Pu alpha-particles and aberrations were analysed at the next mitosis following a single chromosome paint. Exchange and aberration painting patterns were classified according to Savage and Simpson (1994a). Of exchange aberrations, 38-47% were found to be complex derived, i.e. resulting from three or more breaks in two or more chromosomes, and the variation with dose was minimal. The class of complex aberrations most frequently observed were insertions, derived from a minimum of three breaks in two chromosomes. There was also an elevated frequency of rings. The high level of complex aberrations observed after alpha-particle irradiation indicates that, when chromosome domains are traversed by high linear energy transfer alpha-particle tracks, there is an enhanced probability of production of multiple localized double-strand breaks leading to more complicated interactions.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of urinary and fecal metabolites of testosterone and their measurement for assessing gonadal endocrine function in male nonhuman primates.

The aims of the present study were (i) to provide basic comparative data on the time course, route, and characteristics of excreted [14C]testosterone (T) metabolites in three nonhuman primates: the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and (ii) to use this information to help validate the measurement of urinary and fecal testosterone metabolites for assessing androgen status in Anthropoid primates. Radiolabeled 14C-T (10-30 microCi) was injected intravenously into one adult male of each species and the excreta collected over the next 5 days. Peak radioactivity in urine was detected within 2h and accounted for 67% (Mf), 80% (Cj) and 91% (Pt) of the total radioactivity recovered. The time course of excretion of radioactivity in feces showed a higher variation between species (4-26 h to peak values). In all three species, the majority (>90%) of urinary metabolites were excreted as conjugates whereas the proportion of conjugated metabolites in feces was substantially lower and more variable. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of urinary and fecal extracts revealed multiple peaks of radioactivity in all three individuals, but each with a distinctive pattern. Native T was excreted in only small amounts into the urine, whereas it was virtually absent in the feces of all three individuals. Three C17 group-specific enzymeimmunoassays using antisera against testosterone, 5alpha-androstane-17alpha-ol-3-one and androsterone were evaluated for their ability to discriminate immunoreactive androgen levels between intact males, castrated males and females based on measurements in urine and feces. In the marmoset, all assays (except for T in feces) clearly discriminated between test groups; in the chimpanzee significantly higher levels of androgen immunoreactivity in intact versus castrated males were measured in urine, but not feces. In the macaque, only the 5alpha-androstanolone measurement in feces discriminated between groups. Data on the results of a radiometabolism study using 3H-DHEA (a weak adrenal androgen) in a long-tailed macaque suggested that co-measurement of metabolites derived from T and DHEA in the assays tested might explain the difficulties in discriminating gonadal status in the two Old World primate species. Collectively, the data show that T metabolism in primates is highly complex and that no single method for noninvasive assessment of androgen status can be used for application across species. The importance of a proper validation of the methodology for each species is emphasised.

Androgens↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA using NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 assay.

HIV-1 RNA viral load has become the major biological marker for disease prognosis and outcome of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the new CE marked NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 assay with NucliSens HIV-1 QT assay (reference method). NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 (EasyQ) couples nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) with real-time detection using molecular beacons utilizing the NucliSens EasyQ analyzer. NASBA is a sensitive, isothermal, transcription-based amplification system designed specifically for the detection of RNA targets. There was significant correlation (r = 0.878, P < 0.0001) between the two different assays in the analysis of clinical samples and the frequency of concordant results (log difference <0.5) was 74%. The two assays detected HIV-1 RNA in 81 specimens, and neither detected (below the lower detection limit, 400 copies/ml for NucliSens HIV-1 QT and 500IU/ml for EasyQ) HIV-1 RNA in 12 specimens. Three clinical specimens had detectable HIV-1 RNA using the EasyQ only, and two specimens had detectable HIV-1 RNA using the NucliSens HIV-1 QT only. The EasyQ procedure can analyze 48 clinical samples within 6h. The coefficient of variation of EasyQ ranged from 3.0 to 9.5% (3% at 4.9 log; 5.7% at 3.7 log; 9.5% at 2.7 log). The new assay is shown to be a rapid, convenient, and reliable procedure for HIV-1 RNA viral load monitoring.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1999

Mechanisms of human mitochondrial DNA maintenance: the determining role of primary sequence and length over function.

Although the regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is performed by nuclear-coded factors, very little is known about the mechanisms controlling this process. We attempted to introduce nonhuman ape mtDNA into human cells harboring either no mtDNA or mutated mtDNAs (partial deletion and tRNA gene point mutation). Unexpectedly, only cells containing no mtDNA could be repopulated with nonhuman ape mtDNA. Cells containing a defective human mtDNA did not incorporate or maintain ape mtDNA and therefore died under selection for oxidative phosphorylation function. On the other hand, foreign human mtDNA was readily incorporated and maintained in these cells. The suicidal preference for self-mtDNA showed that functional parameters associated with oxidative phosphorylation are less relevant to mtDNA maintenance and copy number control than recognition of mtDNA self-determinants. Non-self-mtDNA could not be maintained into cells with mtDNA even if no selection for oxidative phosphorylation was applied. The repopulation kinetics of several mtDNA forms after severe depletion by ethidium bromide treatment showed that replication and maintenance of mtDNA in human cells are highly dependent on molecular features, because partially deleted mtDNA molecules repopulated cells significantly faster than full-length mtDNA. Taken together, our results suggest that mtDNA copy number may be controlled by competition for limiting levels of trans-acting factors that recognize primarily mtDNA molecular features. In agreement with this hypothesis, marked variations in mtDNA levels did not affect the transcription of nuclear-coded factors involved in mtDNA replication.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Understanding SARS with Wolfram approach.

Stepping acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as another type of disease has been threatening mankind since late last year. Many scientists worldwide are making great efforts to study the etiology of this disease with different approaches. 13 species of SARS virus have been sequenced. However, most people still largely rely on the traditional methods with some disadvantages. In this work, we used Wolfram approach to study the relationship among SARS viruses and between SARS viruses and other types of viruses, the effect of variations on the whole genome and the advantages in the analysis of SARS based on this novel approach. As a result, the similarities between SARS viruses and other coronaviruses are not really higher than those between SARS viruses and non-coronaviruses.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Identification of an HLA-B*07 allele variant (B*0740) in the Chinese Han population.

A novel HLA-B*07 allele, B*0740, has been identified by sequence-based typing (SBT) in the Chinese Han population. This new allele is identical to B*0705 and B*0706 for exons 2, 3, and 4, except for a single nucleotide at position 605 of codon 202 in exon 3 (AAG-->ATG) leading to an amino acid change from lysine to methionine. SBT was performed following allele separation using the Haploprep method. The serological equivalence of B*0740 to the B7 antigen did not change.

Alleles↗