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Results for “PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS”

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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Risk factors for infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the epidemiology of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). DESIGN: prospective clinical study. SETTING: a medical-surgical ICU in a university hospital. PATIENTS: we followed-up 568 mechanically ventilated patients and 83 episodes of VAP with etiologic diagnosis in 72 patients were retained for analysis. RESULTS: Ps. aeruginosa was isolated in 22 (26.5%) episodes in 18 patients. Of these episodes 7 were directly responsible for death. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk of VAP due to Ps. aeruginosa was increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (relative risk (RR) = 29.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.86-184.53), a mechanical ventilation period longer than 8 days (RR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.01-65.40) and prior use of antibiotics (RR = 5.5, 95% CI = 0.88-35.01). CONCLUSIONS: patients with VAP and these factors have a greater risk of infection by Ps. aeruginosa and empirical therapy for these episodes should include anti-pseudomonal activity until etiologic diagnosis is established.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: persisting problems and current research to find new therapies.

Despite the availability of specific antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria still cause troublesome infections in patients with a variety of illnesses: extensive thermal injury, leukopenia from antineoplastic chemotherapy and other forms of immunosuppressive treatment, chronic pulmonary disease such as cystic fibrosis, or intravenous narcotic use. The use of antibiotics has improved the prognosis of pseudomonas infections considerably. However, patients with marginal or defective host immunity may need more extensive therapy to master the infection. By evaluating additional modalities of treatment such as granulocyte replacement, improved usage of antibiotics, and active (prophylaxis) or passive antibody administration, the optimal combination may be found.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Investigation of cross-infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial cross-infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and provide effective measure for the prevention and management. METHODS: The homology of 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients in the ICU and the environment was examined by biological, serological, drug-resistance and plasmid analysis. RESULTS: The results of serological and plasmid analyses had good consistency, which demonstrated that the 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains originated from solution in the oxygen humidifier, with uniform serological and plasmid type, and belonged to the same clone with cross-infection by contact between the patients or nursing staff and the objects in the ICU. CONCLUSION: Serological and plasmid analyses are more practical for identifying the sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross-infection, which can be prevented by strict disinfection of the instrument and supervision of the nursing staff in the ICU.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1984

Protection against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins.

Experimental infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was treated with eight different monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) produced by hybridoma cells obtained through cell fusion of mouse plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with a virulent strain of P. aeruginosa (Homma serotype 7). Five MCAs bound to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) specific to serotype 7 or serotypes 2, 7, and 13, whereas the other three MCAs bound with broad specificities to outer membrane protein (OMP) fractions. The MCAs to LPS were highly protective against infection, with 50% protective doses of 0.05-2.5 micrograms of immunoglobulin per mouse. In contrast, the MCAs to OMP were much less protective, with a 50% protective dose range of 10 to greater than 100 micrograms of immunoglobulin per mouse. Most of the MCAs to LPS agglutinated P. aeruginosa cells, but all the MCAs to OMP produced so far have not, although all the MCAs bound well to the cells. Agglutinating MCAs provided better protection than did nonagglutinating MCAs.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice after treatment with cyclophosphamide.

This study attempted to determine if the antineoplastic alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), altered the host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. The effect of cyclophosphamide was evaluated by an increased mortality or enhanced bacterial growth in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. The mice that were treated with either single or multiple doses of 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide showed no increase in mortality, nor did they exhibit an enhanced localization of P aeruginosa in any of the organs studied. Higher dose levels of cyclophosphamide produced a statistically significant increase in mortality and greater distribution of bacteria in the mouse organs, but there appeared to be no organ that was particularly susceptible to infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of a controlled abacterial environment on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of suppurative wounds].

The present work deals with the data on the isolation rate of P. aeruginosa from suppurative wounds of different origin during their treatment by the commonly used methods under dressings and by the open method under the conditions of controlled germ-free environment. The results of the immunotyping of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients treated by different methods are presented. The dynamics of changes in the isolation rate of P. aeruginosa at different periods of treatment, both by the open method and with the use of dressings, is shown. Among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from suppurative wounds, those belonging to immunotypes 6, 7 and 2, as well as nontyping strains, occurred most frequently. Treatment in the controlled germ-free environment permits the protection of the wound surface from hospital infection. During treatment with the use of dressings the cases of hospital infection were revealed (31.3%). Such infection occurred, as a rule, at a later period of treatment.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections by indirect immunofluorescent antibody].

167 sputum specimens collected from patients with pulmonary infection were tested by IFA (Indirect immunofluorescent antibody-staining) with serogroup-specific monoclonal antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared with quantitative sputum culture. The results showed the minimum concentration of bacteria detectable by IFA was 10 cfu/ml. 31(86.1%) were positive in 36 specimens with more than 10 cfu/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 22(100%) were positive in 22 specimens with more than 10 cfu/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 127 specimens with a negative culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 121(95.2%) were negative, 6(4.8%) were false-positive which could be identified by Gram's-staining. The type of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could also be identified within 3 hours.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1975

Bacterial blocking activity of specific IgG in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

A factor has been demonstrated in the serum of some patients with chronic Gram-negative infections which specifically blocks bactericidal activity against the infecting organism. Sera with this factor, that had been obtained from patients suffering from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, were fractionated by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Blocking activity was detected in the Sephadex G-200 '7S' peak and eluted from the DEAE column along with the serum IgG. Immunoelectrophoresis studies of this material along with pure IgG showed that the bactericidal blocking factor in these patients was IgG. The blocking factor was specific in its ability to protect bacteria, and could be absorbed from the serum by the particular bacterial strain isolated from the patient. Possible clinical importance of blocking activity by IgG is suggested by the persistent nature of the Ps. aeruginosa infections in these patients.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Effect of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on the development of atherosclerosis in a rat model.

In order to investigate the possible relationship between atherosclerosis and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 66 Wistar rats were given five separate intratracheal inoculations of either P. aeruginosa or sterile saline at 4-week intervals. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1 was infected with P. aeruginosa and fed a diet containing cholesterol 1% w/v; group 2 was infected with P. aeruginosa and fed a normal diet; group 3 was not infected and was fed a diet containing cholesterol 1% w/v; and group 4 (the control group) was not infected and was fed a normal diet. One month after the final inoculation, the rats were killed humanely; computerised image analysis was used to evaluate sections of the aorta and heart, and the maximal wall thickness of the aorta and coronary artery. The aortic wall thickness was significantly greater for group 1 (329.53 +/- 58.06 microm) compared to groups 2 (190.59 +/- 27.81 microm; p < 0.0001), 3 (262.90 +/- 61.12 microm; p < 0.0004) and 4 (158.00 +/- 30.30 microm; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the coronary artery wall thickness was significantly greater for group 1 (72.96 +/- 10.67 microm) compared to groups 2 (35.07 +/- 8.53 microm; p < 0.0001), 3 (41.45 +/- 10.22 microm; p < 0.0001) and 4 (32.30 +/- 5.27 microm; p < 0.0001). These findings strengthen the hypothesis that chronic infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Protection against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by recombinant P. aeruginosa lipoprotein I expressed in Escherichia coli.

Lipoprotein I (OprI) is one of the major proteins of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OprI is a candidate for a vaccine against P. aeruginosa, because it cross-reacts antigenically in all serotype strains of the International Antigenic Typing Scheme. We recently cloned and expressed the gene coding for OprI in Escherichia coli. This heterologously expressed OprI was used successfully to immunize mice against P. aeruginosa. In addition, OprI from serogroup 12 of P. aeruginosa was highly purified by preparative isoelectric focusing and used for immunization of mice. Both vaccines protected the mice against a challenge with a four- to fivefold 50% lethal dose of P. aeruginosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Amphotericin B-induced resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice.

We evaluated the effects of amphotericin B (AmB) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection in mice. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of AmB 24 hours before infection significantly increased the survival rates of mice intraperitoneally infected with either P. aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. To evaluate the mechanism of this AmB-induced resistance to infection, we conducted a number of experiments. Peritoneal macrophages exposed in vitro to AmB showed superior bactericidal activity compared to that of control macrophages. Interleukin-1 production by peritoneal macrophages from mice pretreated with 2 mg/kg of AmB was significantly higher than that in control mice. Serum tumor necrosis factor level after intravenous injection of P. aeruginosa was also higher in mice pretreated with 2 mg/kg of AmB than in control mice. These data indicate that AmB induces resistance to P. aeruginosa in mice. Furthermore AmB-induced activation of peritoneal macrophages and their production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor appeared to play important roles in this phenomenon.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2001

An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection associated with contaminated urodynamic equipment.

Seven patients developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections following urodynamic studies, over a two-month period. One patient developed septicaemia and meningitis and died following rupture of a berry aneurysm. Two others required hospital admission for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from a pressure dome which covered the pressure transducer of the urodynamic system used for assessing bladder pressure. The device packaging carried the symbol designating this as a 'single use' product, but as an economy measure, a local decision had been taken to change the device monthly.

Cross Infection↗