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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly.

Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly is common, and causes more morbidity and mortality than in the younger adult. As patients live longer with more underlying disease and more iatrogenic disease, the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia will probably rise. Adequate sterilization of inhalation therapy equipment can reduce the risk of gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia. Methods to prevent colonization and microaspiration need to be investigated. The development of a gram-negative vaccine using Salmonella RE or E. coli J5 mutant would augur well for the future. Most important, the elderly patient with pneumonia should be managed promptly and aggressively in an attempt to determine the specific etiology of the pneumonia. The practice of antibiotic "shotgunning" of the elderly patient is to be avoided. Transtracheal aspiration or sheathed bronchoscopy can be performed if the patient is not able to produce sputum, or Gram stain is difficult to interpret. Morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early appropriate antibiotic therapy directed by Gram stain.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1992

In vitro investigations into the formation and dissolution of infection-induced catheter encrustations.

Encrustations are the most frequent complications occurring with indwelling catheters and urine drainage systems. The conditions for bacterial infections, using synthetic urine and controlled contamination by Proteus vulgaris, were standardised by using an in vitro model. Crystal deposits on catheters were analysed by infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main components of deposits in all investigations were struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) 60-70% and carbonate apatite (Ca10(PO4,CO3)6 (OH,CO3)2) 30-40%. Investigations as to the quality and quantity of encrustations confirmed the analysis. Irrigation treatment was carried out with physiological saline solution and citric acid solution (Suby G) to study and quantify the dissolution of crystal deposits. Regular irrigation with citric solution resulted in a 70% dissolution of encrustations and ensured free flow as ascertained by measuring flow rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Potentiating effect of EDTA-Tris on the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria associated with otitis, dermatitis and cystitis.

Possible synergistic effects of the combination of EDTA-tromethamine (EDTA-Tris) and three antimicrobial agents (cephaloridine, kanendomycin and enrofloxacin) against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are reported. Bacteria were isolated from eight cases of chronic otitis externa, five cases of chronic dermatitis and four cases of recurrent cystitis in dogs which had previously been treated with one of the three antibiotics without success. Animals exposed to EDTA-tromethamine plus the antibiotic recovered completely within 10 days, and were controlled clinically and bacteriologically for 180 days. Local irrigation with EDTA-tromethamine solution was well tolerated and no side effects were recorded.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

O serotyping of Providencia stuartii isolates collected from twelve hospitals.

A collection of 829 isolates of Providencia stuartii, mostly from urological specimens of patients in 12 hospitals, were O serotyped. Hospitals varied in serotype distribution, but most isolates (97%) fell into one or another of 14 O types of P. stuartii. One type (O63) was found in 10 hospitals, and six types (O4, O17, O25, O52, O55, O56) were found in 5 or more hospitals. These seven types were more common than others and included 753 (91%) of the isolates. Only four isolates agglutinated in Providencia alcalifaciens antisera and, for increased efficiency in serotyping, it is recommended that separate schemes be employed for P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens. Strains endemic in different hospitals may differ in serotype and give rise to nosocomial infections that are clinically recognizable when infections occur in obvious clusters. Nosocomial infections occurring in low frequency among patients not located close to each other in the hospital may be detected with the aid of serotyping.

Canada↗
PubMed1977

Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies.

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Effect of preventive administration of a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain on the colonization of the intestine with microbial pathogens in newborn infants.

In a randomized, double-blind study, 27 healthy newborn infants were colonized with the nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (E. coli DSM 6601, Mutaflor) during the first 5 days of life by daily oral inoculation of 1 ml of a suspension with 10(8) living cells. A second group of 27 newborns, used as controls, received a placebo suspension (1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline) instead. Stool samples were taken on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 21, and 6 months after birth. All samples were examined for the presence of the nonpathogenic E. coli strain and of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The administered E: coli strain was detected in the stools of the colonized newborns from day 2 and remained present throughout the study in more than 90% of these infants. Colonization with true and potential bacterial pathogens was significantly reduced in infants receiving E. coli strain Nissle 1917 compared to the placebo group--both with respect to numbers of pathogens and to the spectrum of species.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1979

Endotracheally administered antibiotics for gram-negative bronchopneumonia.

Sisomicin or a placebo was administered endotracheally to two groups of 18 and 20 unconscious patients, respectively, who had tracheostomies or endotracheal tubes in place and developed a severe gram-negative broncho-pneumonia. In addition, the patients received systemically a combination of sisomicin and carbenicillin. A favorable clinical response was obtained in 14 (77 percent) of the 18 patients who were treated with sisomicin and in nine (45 percent) of the 20 patients who received the placebo (P less than 0.05). Endotracheal therapy with sisomicin was well tolerated and resulted in high levels of sisomicin and in elevated bactericidal activity within the bronchial secretions. Endotracheally administered amino-glycosides might be an important adjunct to systemically administered antibiotics in the management of severe gram-negative bronchopneumonia.

Bacterial Infections↗