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PubMed1992

Oral health promotion for the older adult: implications for dental and dental hygiene practitioners.

The role of the dental and dental hygiene practitioner in geriatric oral health promotion can be viewed in terms of three questions. What purposeful or directed steps have been taken to improve oral health promotion? How can health promotion be improved? How can education and research help the practitioner? Professional associations, educators, researchers, school curricula, instructional programs, and dental products companies have tried to improve oral health promotion. At each level, communication of information and effective use of information has been compromised. Geriatric oral health promotion can be improved by increased understanding of: (1) health promotion concepts, (2) cultural and generational issues, (3) chronic oral conditions, (4) patients' perspective, (5) promoting behavior change, (6) listening skills, (7) patients' everyday realities, (8) integrating oral health issues into other health promotion activities, (9) creating easy to understand health education materials, and (10) lobbying for third party reimbursement for oral health promotion.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Students' perspectives on their high school experience.

This study explored students' levels of belonging and engagement in high school by obtaining their perspectives on the instruction, teachers, friends, and activities in their school. We interviewed 33 students from seven comprehensive high schools in Richmond, Virginia. Students indicated that they were more engaged when the instructional program included authentic learning experiences, teachers who provided challenging activities and showed interest in student learning, and a school day that supported interpersonal relationships with peers and adults. It was concluded that, to promote belonging and engagement, school personnel should attend to the quality of student learning and relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Selection of the supplement in calcium intake].

Adequate calcium intake is one of the most important issues in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which is considered a lifestyle-related disease. However, calcium is a nutrient that is rather difficult to take in appropriate amounts in traditional Japanese eating habits. Therefore, one of the effective means of preventing and treating osteoporosis is to supplement calcium intake, when an insufficient quantity is obtained in the three, daily meals. In addition to increasing the tolerable upper intake levels (UL) of calcium to 2,500 mg/day, and an instruction program for learning how to evaluate the nutritional state, and the right method of utilizing supplements is needed. Furthermore, learning how to balance other nutrients, such as mineral balance, should also be included.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The staffs role in medical practice safety: 30 steps to make your office safer and more secure.

This article offers 30 practical strategies that will keep a medical practice safe and secure. These strategies can serve as the core knowledge base for staff safety instruction programs and can be included in employee procedure manuals. Specifically, the article presents easy-to-follow and affordable strategies for deterring professional burglars and petty thieves, for preventing or responding tofires, for avoiding falls and other common office mishaps, and for securing office keys. It suggests 10 additional safety do's and don'ts for your staff; including several pertaining to their dress and work habits. It also offers guidelines for planning and rehearsing an effective office evacuation procedure.

Fires↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical treatment of diseases in the oral cavity and jaws].

Surgical treatment of diseases in the oral cavity and the jaws has been performed since ancient times. However, in the beginning there were mostly simple tooth extractions and treatment of oral infections which could be done. The therapists consisted of a heterogenic group (physicians, barber-surgeons, dental surgeons, smiths, monks etc.). In the beginning of the 20th century great progress was made. Dental surgeons were employed as consultants in hospitals. And when the national dental servIce in Sweden (Folktandvården) was established 1938, departments of oral surgery were built in these hospitals. The department of oral surgery at the University hospital in Linköping started 1947 and is presented in this paper. Dr. Helge Hed, originator of the department, was chief oral surgeon the first 24 years. The surgical activity was gradually increased from 389 operations in 1950 to 1.514 in 1999, and the number of jaw fractures treated in 1948 were 21 and in 1999 73. The treatment panorama has changed during the years. At first the poor dental status of the patients characterized the situation and minor dentoalveolar surgery was usually performed. Later more advanced oral surgery e. g. trauma-surgery, orthognatic surgery and dental implantology has been done - and in addition a lot of scientific research and programmed instructions in oral surgery for dental surgeons and medical students. To sum up, the development of the department of oral surgery at the University hospital in Linköping has been well adjusted to the gradually more demanding treatment and it is representative of the successful development of Swedish oral surgery during the 20th century.

Dentistry, Operative↗
PubMed1991

Medical Practice Support System. A medical practitioner's multimedia workstation.

The United States Navy has developed a computer based Medical Practice Support System (MEPSS) intended for use by medical practitioners working in isolated situations. The system, now being tested in operational settings, emphasizes inexpensive, easily obtained off-the-shelf hardware and specially developed, readily implemented software to provide users with: 1) medical record keeping, 2) an electronic medical library, 3) interactive video instruction programs suitable for continuing medical education, 4) computer based medical diagnosis and treatment assistance, and 5) electronic communications with other facilities. This demonstration emphasizes a user based developmental approach, integration of diverse systems under a single user interface, and portable hardware. The resulting system makes medical information needed by practitioners instantly available at the time of a patient encounter, whenever and wherever that encounter may occur. Making clinically valuable information immediately available, MEPSS demonstrates how practitioners can use computers to help their own efforts to improve patient care quality and efficiency.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educating students with mild disabilities in general education classrooms: Minnesota alternatives.

This article reports two major data collection efforts conducted during successive years. Study 1 examined the relationship between the school effectiveness variables identified in the Minnesota Educational Effectiveness Project (MEEP), and the attitudes and achievement of students in 31 MEEP schools. Study 2, which focused on 11 of the Study 1 schools, compared the instructional programs provided to students with mild disabilities in three integrated programs in these 11 schools, with those provided by conventional resource "pull-out" programs in three other schools. We not only contrasted program characteristics, but analyzed differences between program characteristics and cognitive and affective outcomes. Results do not provide a strong basis for concluding that general efforts at school improvement will provide the framework for improved outcomes among low-achieving students.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The tacit dimension of clinical judgment.

Two distinct views of the nature of clinical judgment are identified and contrasted. The dominant view that clinical judgment is a fully explicit process is compared to the relatively neglected view that tacit knowledge plays a substantial role in the clinician's mental operations. The tacit dimension of medical thinking is explored at length. The discussion suggests severe limits when applying decision analysis, expert systems, and computer-aided cost-benefit review to medicine. The goals and practices of postgraduate medical education are also examined from this perspective, as are various other implications for the clinician. The paper concludes that it is valuable to explore the nature of medical thinking in order to improve clinical practice and education. Such explorations should, however, take cognizance of the often overlooked tacit dimension of clinical judgment. Possible constraints on the medical applicability of both formal expert systems and heavily didactic instructional programs are considered.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Realistically meeting the educational needs of hospitalized acute and short-stay patients.

Patient teaching in acute care hospital settings isn't much different from teaching in other settings. The main differences have to do with the amount of time available and the condition of the patients. Using good assessment practices, sticking to "need to know" survival content, simplifying instructions, streamlining programs, providing for practice, providing reference and resource materials, and referring patients for further education are the ingredients that will help get the job done efficiently and effectively.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of treatments to teach number matching skills to adults with moderate mental retardation.

The effectiveness of the Dial-A-Phone (D-A-P) instructional package plus a least intrusive prompt hierarchy was compared to a least intrusive prompt hierarchy alone for teaching adults with moderate developmental disabilities to match digits of personal phone numbers with digits on a rotary dial telephone. Instructional programs were administered in the context of an alternating treatments design. The dependent variable was the percentage of digits matched independently per session (21 digits per session). Results suggest that although a least intrusive prompt hierarchy alone produced findings similar to the D-A-P plus prompts procedure for one subject, the D-A-P plus prompts package was the most effective in helping both subjects to match digits independently. Strategies for individualizing the D-A-P program were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Epilepsy and education: the pediatrician's expanding role.

School systems, teachers, health systems, and physicians are striving to assist students to reach their full potential. Physicians have an understanding of seizures and medications that should be shared with teachers. In turn, teachers know what parts of students' learning seem to be affected by their epilepsy; they also work with students every day and this gives them a unique perspective of changes in the patient's status. Epilepsy can profoundly affect the student-patient, the school, and the home. Pediatricians are in the unique position to share medical information with teachers and parents. By sharing this information, physicians encourage collaboration. Increased collaboration, in turn, helps to reduce the myths and fears surrounding epilepsy. It provides teachers with the information they use to plan instructional programs, and it improves physicians' decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. Physician/teacher collaboration is generally advocated for patients-students in the "devastated" and the "compromised" groups. Collaboration is not necessary in patients without problems and it is probably preferable not to risk stigmatizing otherwise intact children by attaching the label "epilepsy" to them. When collaboration is indicated, teachers will need some way of organizing information about students' seizure, educational, medical, and psychosocial background. The appendix contains a list of questions grouped according to these categories. If teachers can answer these questions they will be well on the way to resolving the problems confronting the student with epilepsy. It is hoped that physicians will be available and willing to assist teachers and that teachers will seek their assistance.

Child↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of selected hockey skating starts.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three different methods of initiating forward movement (IFM). Six S's from four levels of Ice Hockey competition were instructed in the methods then were timed for 20 feet of forward skating from a standing start. Selected S's within each group were also analyzed biomechanically, via the cinema-computer process. Both statistical and biomechanical analysis showed a superiority of the rarely taught thrust and glide or "t" start over the two conventional techniques, the cross-over and normal standing start facing the direction of movement. Results indicate a need to include the thrust and glide in Ice Hockey instructional programs.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Teaching of pediatrics within the plan of studies for general medicine (plan A-36)].

In this article the author exposes some of the bases about the instruction program of General Integral Medicine (plan A-36); also, he compares the teaching aspects of pediatrics of this plan and the traditional plan, both carried out at the medical School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The author points out the best distribution of the pediatric aspects through the medical curriculum, which results in more effective teaching hours, besides, the application of the most current pedagogic and didactic technics in Plan A-36. Also the pediatric clinical practice is performed in more appropriate places and the relation between practice and theory shows more adequate equilibrium than the traditional plan.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Stereoscopic anatomy: evaluation of a new teaching system in human gross anatomy.

Traditionally, human gross anatomy teaching has revolved around anatomical dissection. Unfortunately, during the last decade a number of medical schools have experienced a decrease in the number of hours allotted to gross anatomy instruction compounded by a shortage of anatomical donors. This, in turn, has served to increase the difficulties of providing students with truly effective anatomical instruction. To help overcome this problem, a stereoscopic slide-based auto-instructional program has been developed as a substitute for dissection. Evaluation data suggest that this program, while having minor limitations in terms of anatomical orientation, does provide a viable alternative to dissection.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1981

Staffing for comprehensive pharmaceutical services in a small hospital.

The use of licensed practical nurses as medication administration personnel under the administrative authority of the pharmacy department in a 140-bed hospital is described. The pharmacy department assumed responsibility for medication administration in its efforts to expand the scope and quality of its services and to control drug distribution more completely. A medication administration team (MAT) was developed that involves licensed practical nurses and technicians. The MAT members are trained through programmed instruction, on-the-job experiences, and a 32-hour pharmacology course taught by staff pharmacists. This medication administration team gives the pharmacy department control of the entire drug distribution system.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1994

A model for resident surgical training in laparoscopic sterilization.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of a specific instructional program designed to teach residents laparoscopic sterilization. METHODS: The teaching module consisted of a 40-minute videotape and monograph, which each resident studied 1-3 days before beginning a 4-5-week rotation on which he or she performed laparoscopic sterilization procedures. The change in knowledge was measured by comparing pre- and post-test assessments. Twenty-three PGY-2 gynecology residents were administered the peer-reviewed and validated pre-test, which consisted of 31 multiple-choice questions covering the following aspects of laparoscopic sterilization: 1) indications and complications, 2) general aspects of sterilization, 3) sterilization methods, and 4) technical aspects of occlusive device application. A post-test, which consisted of the identical 31 items with the question order changed, was administered after the teaching module was completed. RESULTS: The mean number of correct answers on the post-test (27.2 +/- 2.3, range 22-31) was significantly higher (P < .05) than the mean number of correct answers on the pre-test (17.9 +/- 3.4, range 13-24). There was no difference in residence scores if the module was completed early or late in the academic year or during the first or second year that the program was in effect. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that knowledge of a specific surgical technique can be measured and that structured learning packages can be effective. Efforts to teach residents a specific curriculum can have a significant effect on their fund of knowledge. Other specially designed programs may be applicable to procedures commonly performed by gynecologic residents.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Information-seeking behavior: a survey of health sciences faculty use of indexes and databases.

This study investigated information-seeking behavior, including use of major bibliographic tools by medical, pharmacy, nursing, and science faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The study assessed the impact of availability of locally mounted databases, determined needs for modification of instructional programs, identified the need for promotional material, and established a baseline for subsequent studies. Results reflected a wide variation in the number and format of secondary services used by faculty. Over 70% of all faculty from the colleges of medicine, pharmacy, and nursing used Index Medicus or MEDLINE. There were statistically significant differences between colleges in their use of mediated and end-user searching of MEDLINE. Colleges exhibited significant differences in use of Current Contents, PsycLIT, ERIC, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Chemical Abstracts, and Science Citation Index. Statistically significant differences also were found among several clinical departments. The study concluded that, as new formats to bibliographic tools become available, traditional formats continue to be used; training sessions must be tailored to the audience; and the availability of local resources and their use by faculty needs to be understood.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1978

[Development of educational technology in dentistry in Brazil].

This article reviews the experiments with educational technology conducted in the School of Dentistry of the Federal University in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An account is given of the production in the Audiovisual Center of teaching-learning materials for dentistry. A summary description is given of programmed instruction techniques for use with an electronic programmer, modules, and sequences of slides with accompanying tape recordings. Some comments are offered on the improvements made with this equipment and techniques in the institution itself and in other universities of Brazil.

Audiovisual Aids↗