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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with yeasts].

Yeast species belonging to the Candida genus were added to the greyish-brown soil of the Apsheron Peninsula under laboratory conditions. The rate of CO2 production was used to estimate the degradation of crude oil, paraffin, cycloparaffin and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as their oxidized products. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation in the soil inoculated with yeast cells was shown to drop down gradually. The effective action on the process of hydrocarbon degradation depended on the special properties of an inoculated population and on the structure of a hydrocarbon. Some yeast species stimulated the degradation of various aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidized products. Aromatic hydrocarbons were decomposed at a lower rate comparing to their oxidized products. When the soil was inoculated with C. guilliermondii populations, n-hexadecane added to the soil at a concentration of 1% was decomposed within 250-300 days. Field experiments confirmed that crude oil biodegradation was more intensive in the soil inoculated with yeast cells.

Azerbaijan↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiological data on precancerous conditions and neoplasms among workers in the petroleum-refining industry].

A prospective cohort research revealed an increased morbidity level among oil-processing workers with chronic pretumour diseases (chronic bronchitis, anacid gastritis, ailments of the larynx and skin, diseases of cervix uteri, benign tumour of the uterus and pretumour mammary gland diseases). Statistically reliable data have been received with regard to lung cancer mortality of males in the sample cohort, and lung and cervix uteri cancer mortality of females, as well as the risk factors of lung, larynx and skin cancer in males, and lung and large intestine cancer in females,--all in comprison with workers who have no contact with oil-processing products.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Perspectives on bioenergy and biotechnology in Brazil.

Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of alcohol from biomass at low cost and is responsible for more than 1 million direct jobs. In 1973, the Brazilian Program of Alcohol (Proalcool) stimulated the creation of a bioethanol industry that has led to large economic, social, and scientific improvements. In the year 1984, 94.5% of Brazil's cars used bioethanol as fuel. In 2003/2004, 350.3 million of sugarcane produced 24.2 million t of sugar and 14.4 billion L of ethanol for an average 4.3 million cars using ethanol. Since its inception, cumulative investment in Proalcool totals US$11 billion, and Brazil has saved US$27 billion in oil imports. The ethanol production industry from sugarcane gene-rates 152 times more jobs than would have been the case if the same amount of fuel was produced from petroleum, and the use of ethanol as a fuel is advantageous for environmental reasons. In 2003, one of the biggest Brazilian ethanol industries started consuming 50% of the residual sugarcane bagasse to produce electrical energy (60 MW), a new alternative use of bioenergy for the Brazilian market. Other technologies for commercial uses of bagasse are in development, such as in the production of natural fibers, sweeteners (glucose and xylitol), single-cell proteins, lactic acid, microbial enzymes, and many other products based on fermentations (submerged and semisolid). Furthermore, studies aimed at the increase in the biosynthesis of sucrose and, consequently, ethanol productivity are being conducted to understand the genetics of sugarcane. Although, at present, there remain technical obstacles to the economic use of some ethanol industry residues, several research projects have been carried out and useful data generated. Efficient utilization of ethanol industry residues has created new opportunities for new value-added products, especially in Brazil, where they are produced in high quantities.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1999

Carbon monoxide poisoning associated with use of LPG-powered (propane) forklifts in industrial settings--Iowa, 1998.

In 1998, the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) and Iowa State University (ISU) Extension Department, with the assistance of local health departments, investigated a series of carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings associated with the use of liquified petroleum gas (LPG)-powered forklifts in light industry. In each episode, forklifts emitting high CO concentration levels were operated in inadequately ventilated warehouse and production facilities, which resulted in high CO accumulations. Employees at each site developed symptoms of CO poisoning, and some employees received inadequate or inappropriate medical care. This report summarizes the investigations and provides recommendations to prevent such incidents.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

[Indole production in human whole saliva].

It is known that between saliva and oral microorganisms there are close relations. To investigate the salivary factors that influence the metabolism of oral microorganisms, the production and degradation of indole were studied in several salivary supernatants or salivary ultrafiltrates. Washed salivary sediments were mixed with the supernatants or the ultrafiltrates containing tryptophan or indole. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, the indole was extracted by petroleum ether and determined spectrophotometrically. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The amount of indole produced in the raw supernatants was generally greater than that produced in the heated supernatants. 2) The production and the degradation of indole in the ultrafiltrates varied according to the saliva samples. 3) Only a small amount of indole was produced when tryptophan was not added to the ultrafiltrates. 4) When the ultrafiltrate was preheated at 98 degrees C, the indole production slightly decreased for only ten minutes. 5) The optimum pH for indole production in the ultrafiltrate was within the range from 7.0 to 8.5 in the presence of 20mM of Good's buffer (MES, MOPS, TAPS). 6) The highest indole production was observed when MOPS (pH7.7) was added at the concentration of 20mM to the ultrafiltrate. 7) The amount of indole production was mainly influenced by salivary sediment, and it was also affected by the ultrafiltrate.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Influence of ingested petroleum on the reproductive performance and pituitary-gonadal axis of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchols).

1. The chronic ingestion of a sublethal dose (5%) of dietary North Sea crude oil delayed the onset of lay in adult Khaki Campbell ducks transferred from a short (8L:16D) to long day (16L:8D) photoperiod and greatly reduced the rate of oviposition and quality (weight and shell thickness) of the eggs subsequently laid. 2. Refeeding the oil-fed birds with the uncontaminated control diet stimulated the rate of egg production and improved egg quality, but in both cases not to the level in the controls. 3. Food intake and the plasma calcium level in the petroleum-fed birds were reduced, but these effects are unlikely to be causally responsible for the adverse effects of petroleum on avian reproduction. 4. Gonadotrophic (luteinizing hormone, LH) hormone secretion in the oil fed birds was not suppressed and the impairment of reproductive performance was not due to low plasma LH levels. 5. The reduced rate of lay in the oil-fed birds was accompanied by low gonadal steroid (progesterone) levels. The detrimental effects of oil and reproduction may be due to direct or indirect effects on the ovary or shell gland.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Biotechnological approaches for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms and plants - a review.

The increasing effect of non-degradable plastic wastes is a growing concern. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), macromolecule-polyesters naturally produced by many species of microorganisms, are being considered as a replacement for conventional plastics. Unlike petroleum-derived plastics that take several decades to degrade, PHAs can be completely bio-degraded within a year by a variety of microorganisms. This biodegradation results in carbon dioxide and water, which return to the environment. Attempts based on various methods have been undertaken for mass production of PHAs. Promising strategies involve genetic engineering of microorganisms and plants to introduce production pathways. This challenge requires the expression of several genes along with optimization of PHA synthesis in the host. Although excellent progress has been made in recombinant hosts, the barriers to obtaining high quantities of PHA at low cost still remain to be solved. The commercially viable production of PHA in crops, however, appears to be a realistic goal for the future.

Alkanes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of biosensors for phenol determination from bacteria found in petroleum fields of West Siberia].

Nine Gram-negative bacterial strains, selected from 300 strains isolated from soils of the West Siberian petroliferous basin and growing on oil and oil products, consume phenol as a single carbon and energy source. The strains were used for the development of a sensor bioreceptor. The most active 32-I strain was shown to bear a plasmid responsible for phenol degradation. The plasmid-free derivative of this strain, 32-I-1, did not grow on phenol. The possibility of creating a model biosensor for phenol based on the plasmid-containing 32-I strain is considered. The detection limit for phenol was 5 microM. The optimum conditions for the sensor operation are: pH 7.4, 35 degrees C, and operation time 30 h.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Umbelliprenin from Ferula persica roots inhibits the red pigment production in Serratia marcescens.

The chloroform extract of Ferula persica var. persica roots was found to inhibit red pigment production of Serratia marcescens. A bioguided fractionation study by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) detected a fraction (Rf = 0.71, petroleum ether/EtOAc, 2:1 v/v), which was effective on depigmentation of Serratia marcescens. Using conventional spectroscopy methods, the active fraction was identified as umbelliprenin. Neither the chloroform extract nor the isolated umbelliprenin fraction showed any antibacterial activity against the test strain at a certain concentration. In contrast, they exhibited depigmentation zones on culture plates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of fat in dairy products using pressurized solvent extraction.

Gravimetric fat data were obtained for a wide range of dairy products with fat contents ranging from 0.5 to 83% using pressurized solvent extraction at elevated temperatures and pressure (80-120 degrees C; 10.3 MPa). Extraction performance was sensitive to solvent composition, temperature, and sample matrix. By optimizing solvent mixtures, sample-solvent contact times of 8-10 min were sufficient for high recoveries from all products tested. The most successful solvents with regard to speed of extraction, selectivity, and recovery (average recovery, %) were various mixtures of hexane (or petroleum ether)-dichloromethane-methanol for dried cream (99.8%), dried whole milk (99.6%), dried buttermilk (98.2%), dried skim milk (97.0%), dried whey protein concentrate (97.5%), casein (95.0%), and caseinate (102.1%); petroleum ether-acetone-ethanol or petroleum ether-acetone-isopropanol for cheddar-type cheese (99.4%); petroleum ether-acetone for butter (99.9%); petroleum ether-acetone-isopropanol for cream (100.3%); and petroleum ether-isopropanol for liquid milks (99.0%). Relative standard deviations for repeatability were obtained for dried whole milk (0.2%), dried whey protein concentrate (0.7%), cheese (0.3%), butter (0.1%), and ultraheat treated (UHT) milk (0.7%). Solvent removal and drying of extracts with a heated block evaporator saved time compared with conventional drying ovens. Estimated savings in labor (50-75%) and solvents (80%) were substantial compared with the manual Mojonnier methods.

Butter↗
PubMed1999

Chemicals from biotechnology: molecular plant genetics will challenge the chemical and the fermentation industry.

Industrial biotechnology has evolved as a significant manufacturing tool for products like fuel-grade ethanol, organic acids and bulk amino acids, but most items are still speciality products for food and pharmaceutical applications. Current development projects within the chemical industry, including lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol based polymers and plastics, indicate that new biotechnological processes and products may soon approach the market place, clearly targeted at the leading petrochemical bulk outlets. This is flanked by a strategic shift by the major chemical companies in to "life sciences"-pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and the seed business as well as biotech fine chemicals. The recent tremendous achievements in molecular plant genetics and transgenic crop breeding will boost agrobiotechnology, agriculture and renewable raw materials as compelling projects for chemistry and biotechnology. New plant-based production routes may challenge established chemical and biochemical domains, but at the same time open new horizons to valuable feedstocks, intermediates and end-products.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2001

The effect of ship scrapping industry and its associated wastes on the biomass production and biodiversity of biota in in situ condition at Alang.

The main pollutants for the ship scrapping industry and its associated wastes at Alang are heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbon and bacterial contaminations. The concentration of iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel and mercury were 25 to 15,500% more at nearshore station of Alang as compared to control site at Piram. The concentration of heavy metals in the nearshore station of Alang was always higher than its concentration at 10 km away. The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon was 16,973 and 53,900% more at the nearshore and 10 km away respectively at Alang as compared to controls. The concentration of chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin were in non-detectable range (< 0.2 and < 0.1 mg m3) or much lower concentration at both the stations of Alang as compared to controls. The total viable count, total coliform, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other Vibrio, Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, and Klebsiella were always higher (17%-605%) at the nearshore station of Alang as compared to control. Similar trend was observed at 10 km away from Alang. Bacteria in sediment also showed the same pattern of variation. Phytoplankton counts at the nearshore station and 10 km away from Alang were only slightly raised. In contrast to phytoplankton, the zooplankton showed considerable reduction of growth (-10 to -66%) at Alang.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arctic pigmented mycobacteria and their role in the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons].

Red-orange Mycobacterium species (the rhodochrous group) were isolated from the water of the Arctic regions; they were described, and the structure of lipids and the assimilation of oil products of low temperatures were comparatively studied in the arctic water and soil Mycobacterium species. The composition of usual fatty and mycolic acids was studied in two strains growing in a medium with hexadecane. Palmitic acid prevailed among fatty acids in the both strains; mycolic acids were represented by the compounds C34:0 and C34:1 (Mycobacterium brevicale) and C32:0 and C:34:0 (Mycobacterium sp.). The presence of unsaturated mycolic acids in the cells correlated with their capability to assimilate hydrocarbons at low temperatures.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1989

[The characteristics of photodermatoses in workers of the Apsheron petroleum industry].

Examinations of 518 refinery workers have revealed photodermatoses in 106. The disease ran a benign course: chronic or subacute one, eventuating in hyperpigmentation and vascular maculae in the workers exposed to oil and oil products. The patients suffering from occupational photodermatoses develop immunologic shifts, i.e. reduced levels of T-cells, T-suppressors, elevated counts of B-cells and of serum immunoglobulins G and M.

Adult↗