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PubMed2005

Health issues for surfers.

Surfers are prone to acute injuries as well as conditions resulting from chronic environmental exposure. Sprains, lacerations, strains, and fractures are the most common types of trauma. Injury from the rider's own surfboard may be the prevailing mechanism. Minor wound infections can be treated on an outpatient basis with ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Jellyfish stings are common and may be treated with heat application. Other treatment regimens have had mixed results. Seabather's eruption is a pruritic skin reaction caused by exposure to nematocyst-containing coelenterate larvae. Additional surfing hazards include stingrays, coral reefs, and, occasionally, sharks. Otologic sequelae of surfing include auditory exostoses, tympanic membrane rupture, and otitis externa. Sun exposure and skin cancer risk are inherent dangers of this sport.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Swollen ear canal, not always innocent].

A swollen ear canal: not to be underestimated. The role of radiology in three patients with problems due to unaccomplished otitis externa is discussed. The choice between CT scanning and MRI in selected cases is balanced.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

A simple method for preparing an ear wick.

We present a simple method for preparing an ear wick for treating otitis externa in ENT outpatient clinics. In our experience, this method is efficient, economical and clean, and ensures an equal distribution of the medication along the wick.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Use of etretinate for treatment of primary keratinization disorders (idiopathic seborrhea) in cocker spaniels, west highland white terriers, and basset hounds.

An open clinical trial was used to evaluate the synthetic retinoid, etretinate, for treatment of idiopathic seborrhea in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers, and Basset Hounds. Clinical and histologic improvement was seen in the Cocker Spaniels. Etretinate had no beneficial effect on the skin disease of the West Highland White Terriers or the Basset Hounds. Etretinate treatment did not alter the type or degree of otitis externa. Clinical side effects were minimal. Relevant laboratory abnormalities were not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs: a comparative analysis.

To investigate the role of Malassezia pachydermatis as a pathogenic agent in canine otitis, a comparative analysis of isolates from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs was undertaken. Specimens were collected from the ears of dogs with unilateral or bilateral otitis and from healthy dogs. Mycological analysis was by direct microscopy and fungal culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and Dixon's agar. Of the otitis specimens, 63.7% showed typical Malassezia cells on cytological examination. In samples taken from the healthy ears of dogs with unilateral otitis, only 21.43% (P<0.05) showed evidence of Malassezia. M. pachydermatis was identified cytologically and culturally in 57.53% (P<0.05), 14.29% and 30.0% of samples from the ears of dogs with otitis, from the healthy ears of dogs with unilateral otitis and from the ears of healthy dogs with no otitis. In the group with otitis associated with M. pachydermatis, the poodle was the most common breed (39.29%; P<0.05), whereas in the group without otitis, the German Shepherd breed was prominent (although this observation was not statistically significant). In both groups, the majority of dogs with M. pachydermatis were aged between 1 and 3 years (P<0.05). The higher incidence of M. pachydermatis isolated from the ears of dogs with otitis externa suggests a putative pathogenic role of this yeast in this condition.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Otitis in cattle, an aetiological review.

Otitis externa in cattle has a significant impact in tropical and subtropical regions, and the aetiological agents are predominantly rhabditiform nematodes and mites of the genus Raillietia. Its prevalence is higher in mature and Zebu cattle. In advanced clinical cases there can be irreversible and fatal neural lesions. Ear infection in calves has been associated with concurrent respiratory diseases and mixed infection. The principal reported agents of otitis in calves are bacteria such as Actinomyces spp., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycoplasma bovis. The control and treatment of bovine otitis is not standardized and there is little evidence-based support for the diverse treatments available in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The management of chronic external otitis.

Longstanding diffuse otitis externa can lead to irreversible skin changes, canal stenosis, and deafness. Although usually responsive to aggressive medical management, some cases prove refractory. Surgery consisting of a canalplasty and meatoplasty is recommended in these rare instances. The senior author's management of this disease is outlined in detail. Three refractory cases are described, of which two required and responded to surgery with satisfactory hearing and healing. The so-called "malignant external otitis" variety has been excluded from this report.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Use of a chlorhexidine-fuchsin solution for ear, nose and throat diseases].

Castellani's solution can no longer be used for medication due to the critical status of its ingredients. A solution of chlorhexidine and fuchsin is proposed as an alternative. This has good antimicrobial effectiveness and can be used in difficult cases of otitis externa solution for the treatment of cavities after mastoidectomy. The literature indicates that the use of this solution is admissible for selected cases in the field of ear, nose and throat diseases.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological analysis of Malassezia pachydermatis isolates by partial sequencing of the large subunit ribosomal RNA.

The opportunistic yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is commonly recovered from both normal and diseased skin of warm-blooded animals. The diversity of M pachydermatis isolates obtained from a wide range of hosts was investigated by the partial sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA. Among 100 isolates examined, seven types (Ia-Ig) were discriminated on the basis of nucleotide sequence diversity. The seven types differed by one to five mutations, all of them corresponding to transitions. The predominant sequence, type Ia, appeared to be ubiquitous since it was observed in isolates recovered from domestic and wild carnivora, from a monkey and from man. In contrast the sequence types Ic, Id and Ig seemed to be more host-specific; they included isolates recovered exclusively from rhinoceros, dogs and ferrets, respectively. None of the seven sequence types correlated with isolation from healthy skin or a particular lesion (otitis externa or other dermatitis). The study indicated that the skin of an animal may be colonised by more than one type of M pachydermatis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The fluoroquinolones.

At the Eastern Section Meeting of the Triological Society January 26, 1990, Levinson et al reported outstanding success with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of malignant otitis externa. Moreover, several of the individuals so managed had been refractory to conventional therapy with semisynthetic penicillin and aminoglycoside protocols. This new class of antibiotics may result in a profound change in our management of patients with otologic, neurotologic, and skull base infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1993

Conchal flap meatoplasty.

A meatoplasty technique is described which has proved successful in the treatment of chronic otitis externa. The procedure opens the superficial meatus by eliminating the sharp rim at the junction of the conchal bowl and the posterior canal wall cartilage; thinning the skin and increasing the circumference of the external auditory orifice.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment outcome of otomycosis in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Among 141 patients suspected of having otomycosis, 76 (53.9%) were mycologically confirmed. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus sp (63.4%), Candida (35.5%) and Mucor (1.3%). Ninety-six per cent were symptom free within 2 weeks of topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream, after thorough failures in the cleaning of debri in the ear canal. Treatment failures were minimal, including recurrence (2.6%), acute otitis externa (1.3%), foreign body in the ear (1.3%) and blocking of ear by therapeutic agent (2.6%). This treatment regimen is simple, efficacious, cost effective and safe; hence it is recommended for adoption in the management of otomycosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Benign necrotizing osteitis of the external ear canal. A report of a clinical case].

Benign necrotizing osteitis of the external ear canal is a process of unknown origin. This necrotic process with sequestration of the tympanic bone occurs in healthy, non-diabetic patients. It should be differentiated from malignant otitis externa and radionecrosis of the tympanic bone. A case is reported and the literature on this rare clinical entity is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Experimental production of cholesteatoma in rabbits by using non-irritants (skin tolerants).

The application of various skin tolerant substances to the postero-superior and antero-inferior aspects of the external auditory canal of the rabbit, with an intact ear drum and middle ear, produced cholesteatomas in the skin of the auditory canal and in the tympanic membrane, particularly in the pars flaccida. At the antero-inferior insertion of the tympanic membrane, however, cholesteatoma growth could not be induced in these animal experiments. In severe diffuse otitis externa, secondary to the operative closure of the external auditory canal, cholesteatomas also develop preferentially in the pars flaccida. The relatively thick, loose intermediate layer of connective tissue allows a rapid expansion of epithelial ridges, thus favouring the formation of cholesteatoma in this region.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Foreign bodies in the ear; report of 40 cases].

BACKGROUND: Foreign bodies in the external ear canal present a frequent situation in pediatric practice. It is generally benign, but infectious complications may occur. POPULATION: Between January 1996 and March 1997, 35 children with a foreign body in the ear canal were treated in the ENT department of Robert-Debré hospital. RESULTS: Age ranged from 15 months to 14 years, with a mean of 6.5 years. The sex ratio was 1.2 (19 boys/16 girls). Five children had bilateral foreign bodies. The most frequent foreign bodies were pearls (8/40) and cockroaches (7/40). Eleven children had complications: ear canal laceration in five cases, otitis externa in five cases, cervical adenitis in three cases, general septic syndrome with fever in one case, and drum perforation in one case. CONCLUSION: The methods of extraction and the management of the complications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Otoscopic evaluation of the ear canal.

Otoscopic evaluation of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane is the first diagnostic procedure that should be performed in animals presented with otitis externa. It is important to become familiar with the normal structures of the ear to identify any abnormalities. The video otoscope greatly enhances visualization of these structures as well as aiding in retrieval of foreign bodies, biopsy of masses, and performance of a myringotomy. In some cases, a complete otoscopic examination is not possible on the first visit, and the animal may require anti-inflammatory medications or otic flushing to visualize the entire ear canal as well as the tympanic membrane. The purpose of the otoscopic examination is to address the otitis by evaluating the condition of the ear, looking for any masses or foreign bodies; noting the presence, consistency, and color of any exudate; and evaluating the patency of the tympanic membrane. Once a complete otic evaluation has been performed, additional diagnostics as well as a treatment plan can be formulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Malignant external otitis. Cure with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Malignant otitis externa developed in a 55-year-old man with diabetes. This Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was refractory to high-dose moxalactam disodium therapy, despite sufficient in vitro tube dilution sensitivity results. When adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy was added to the treatment regimen, the infection resolved.

Cephamycins↗