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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Comparison of computed tomography imaging before and after functional treatment of bilateral condylar fractures in adults.

Bilateral condylar fractures in 10 adult patients were successfully treated nonsurgically. The patients were studied with computed tomography (CT). In all patients, the pretreatment images of both condyles showed medially displaced or dislocated condyles which were accompanied clinically by an anterior open bite. In all patients, the anterior open bite was eliminated and the occlusion was normal 2-3 months after treatment, while jaw function was normal and the patients were free of pain. Follow-up CT images showed that the fractured condyles had healed by bony consolidation but were still displaced or dislocated. The relationships with the glenoid fossa had not improved. The reestablishment of occlusion and function appears to occur not as a result of anatomic restitution of condylar height, but as a result of adaptation of the masticatory muscles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

[Dento-facial structural characteristics in Angle Class II malocclusion associated with abnormal facial divergency].

Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 adult patients with Angle class 11 malocclusion associated with abnormal facial divergency were collected from the Orthodontic Department of the National Taiwan University Hospital. They were divided into a hyperdivergent group (35 cases) and a hypodivergent group (25 case), according to mandibular plane angle (SN-MP). The 19 landmarks on each cephalometric tracing were digitized into a computer, then computer-aided cephalometric analysis was performed to calculate the 17 skeletal measurements and 13 dentoalveolar measurements. The dento-facial structural characteristics of the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups were compared. It was found that the subjects of the hyperdivergent group revealed a greater tendency of divergency in the anterior cranial base plane, Frank-fort horizontal plane, palatal plane, occlusal plane, and mandibular plane. Hyperdivergent facial type, supposedly indicating an open bite or a tendency toward an open bite, has a longer lower anterior facial height, shorter posterior facial height, longer upper anterior and posterior dental height. While, the majority of dentofacial characteristics of the hypodivergent facial type observed in is study were directly opposite to those of the hyperdivergent facial type. The relationships of incisor overbite depth and other skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters were illustrated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis by means of the SPSS/PC statistic program. With the incisor overbite depth as the dependent variable, the independent variables included on the regression analysis were the 10 items of skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters. The compared parameters showed a statistically significant correlation with the incisor overbite depth (P < 0.001). By the stepwise method, the variables included on the regression equation were (1) N-Go-Gn, (2) A-Gn-Ar, (3) N-Ans/ans-Me, and (4) U1L1. The value of R square (R2) in the regression analysis was 0.543. It demonstrated that only a 54.3% variation in incisor overbite depth can be explained by variations in those skeletal and dentoalveolar variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Orthodontic abnormalities in patients with eating disorders.

Many anorexic and bulimic patients induce vomiting by inserting their fingers in the oral cavity. We hypothesized that finger pressure could lead to tooth movement, eventually resulting in the development of orthodontic abnormalities, particularly open-bite. Twenty-four females with eating disorders and 24 matched controls underwent orthodontic examination and completed a dental questionnaire. Orthodontic abnormalities were more commonly found in the eating disorder group and open-bite was the most common abnormality seen. The presence of open-bite or other orthodontic abnormality was not associated with patient reports of self-induced vomiting, which would suggest that digital pressure was not the causative factor. The dental appearances indicated that the skeletal base pattern was abnormal in many cases. The findings could, in part, be accounted for by the fact that patients with eating disorders were less likely than controls to have completed courses of orthodontic treatment. Alternatively, the orthodontic abnormality may have contributed to the development of an eating disorder. Further study of this area is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Apical root resorption of maxillary first molars after intrusion with zygomatic skeletal anchorage.

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the apical root resorption of maxillary first molars after their intrusion was done using zygomatic miniplates as skeletal anchorage in open-bite cases. The study group comprised 16 consecutively treated open-bite cases who had received special titanium miniplates in their zygomatic bones for use as anchorage to apply orthodontic intrusive forces to the maxillary posterior region. The control group consisted of 16 patients, who were matched regarding age, sex, and treatment duration but who had undergone fixed orthodontic treatment without intrusion mechanics for molars. Tooth lengths were measured on pretreatment, and posttreatment panoramic radiographs of all patients and mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots of left and right maxillary first molars were measured on-screen using a software program. The difference between the pre- and posttreatment tooth lengths was defined as apical root resorption. Comparison of the differences in root resorption of the two groups using the t-test for independent samples showed a statistically significant difference (P = .004) only for mesial roots on the right side. But because the mean difference in apical root resorption was only 0.5 mm, it was concluded that the apical root resorption of maxillary first molars after intrusion was done using zygomatic skeletal anchorage was not clinically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effects of oral habits' duration on dental characteristics in the primary dentition.

BACKGROUND: Studies dating to the 1870s have demonstrated that long-term nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to occlusal abnormalities, including open bite and posterior crossbite. However, little is known as to whether habits of shorter durations have lasting effects. METHODS: The authors collected longitudinal data on nonnutritive sucking among children through a series of questionnaires regularly completed by parents. Researchers examined the children at ages 4 to 5 years and obtained study models. The models were measured for dental arch parameters (including arch width, arch length and arch depth) and assessed for overjet, overbite and posterior crossbite. The authors compared the dental arch and occlusal conditions among groups of children with nonnutritive sucking habits of different durations. RESULTS: Children with nonnutritive sucking habits that continued to 48 months of age or beyond demonstrated many significant differences from children with habits of shorter durations: narrower maxillary arch widths, greater overjet and greater prevalence of open bite and posterior crossbite. In addition, compared with those who ceased their habit by 12 months of age, those with habits at 36 months of age had significantly greater mandibular canine arch widths, maxillary canine arch depths and overjet, while those with habits at 24 months and 36 months had significantly smaller palatal depths. Prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite and excessive overjet (> 4 millimeters) increased with duration of habits. CONCLUSIONS: While continuous nonnutritive sucking habits of 48 months or longer produced the greatest changes in dental arch and occlusal characteristics, children with shorter sucking durations also had detectable differences from those with minimal habit durations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It may be prudent to revisit suggestions that sucking habits continued to as late as 5 to 8 years of age are of little concern.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Overbite depth and anteroposterior dysplasia indicators: the relationship between occlusal and skeletal patterns using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

This study was carried out to investigate the validity of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), based on the cephalometric analysis of 122 Caucasians selected at random for assessment of vertical and sagittal relationships. Considering the occlusion, the sample was divided into three classifications in the sagittal component: 36 cases of neutrocclusion, 54 cases of distocclusion, and 34 cases of mesiocclusion. The sample was also categorized according to the overbite relationship: 54 cases of normal overbite, 34 cases of open bite, and 34 cases of deep overbite. In the sagittal component analysis, the APDI measurement resulted in significant differences between the neutrocclusion, distocclusion, and mesiocclusion groups. In the vertical component analysis, the ODI significantly distinguished between the normal and deep overbite groups, and the open bite and deep overbite groups, but not between the normal overbite and the open bite groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the APDI matched the anteroposterior molar relationship in 88 per cent, and the ODI matched the amount of incisor overbite in 81 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by the oblique sliding osteotomy. A clinical and radiological follow-up study of 112 consecutive cases.

The oblique sliding osteotomy has been used for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism, sometimes in combination with open bite, in 112 patients treated from 1969 to 1978. The method has proved to be connected with few surgical complications and minimal relapse tendency. No correlation was found between the degree of posterior positioning or closure of open bite at the operation and relapse tendency. Consequently no limitations in the field of application concerning the degree of mandibular protrusion or open bite have been found in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The influences upon the passive tensile of the masticatory muscles and ligaments by Herbst appliance under various bite reconstruction--a three dimensional finite element analysis].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide some biomechanical references for the clinical use and improvement of Herbst appliance. METHODS: The three-dimensional model of the 'Temporomandibular joint mandible Herbst appliance system' was set up by SUPER SAP software (version 9.3). On this model, the passive tensile in the masticatory muscles and ligaments were analyzed under various bit reconstruction designed according to specified advanced displacement and vertical bite opening. RESULTS: When Herbst appliance drove the mandible forward, there was not any tensile in the medial, lateral pterygoid and the collateral ligament, while the temporalis, the deep paret of masseter, the stylomandibular ligament, and the sphenomandibular ligament were passively drawn. Under various bite reconstruction, the passive tensile in the medial temporalis, the posterior temporalis, the stylomandibular ligament and the sphenomandibular ligament increased with the amount of the advancement of the mandible; The passive tensile in the posterior temporalis and the deep part of masseter increased with the amount of vertical bite opening of the mandible. CONCLUSION: The StL, SpL, PT and AT played an important role in functional reconstruction of mandible by Herbst. All five group of bite reconstruction (3-7 mm advancement, 4-2 mm vertical bite opening of the mandible) designed by this study can be selected in clinic according to the patient's capability of adaptation, the extent of malocclusion and the potential and direction of growth.

Finite Element Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Occlusal and space characteristics among 12-year-old school children in Bukoba and Moshi, Tanzania.

The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of occlusal and space characteristics in Bukoba and Moshi, two towns in North-Western and Eastern parts of Tanzania. The entire sample consisted of 47% boys and 53% girls. Angle's and Foster's classifications were used in the study. Sagittal, vertical and transversal occlusion variables were included in the classification. Most of the children had Angle's class I in both townships. No child had distal occlusion in Bukoba but 8% of the school children had Angle's class III which was present in only 5% of the Moshi children. The most prevalent occlusal anomalies in both populations were large overjet and deep bite (greater than or equal to 3.5 mm), the prevalence of which was significantly higher in Moshi. Open bite also occurred more often in Moshi girls than Bukoba girls. No child had scissors bite in Moshi. Open bite and scissors bite in Bukoba girls and cross-bite in Moshi girls were rare. Diastema mediale prevailed mostly in the maxilla in the whole sample. About one fifth of the whole sample had crowding. The results suggest that different occlusal and space characteristics are present in Bukoba and Moshi children.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Effect of an increase in occlusal vertical dimension on the rate of cyclic actin-myosin interaction in guinea-pig masseter muscle.

To study the effects of increased occlusal vertical dimension on these kinetics, the actin-filament sliding velocity on masseter myosins in an in vitro motility assay and the ATPase activity of masseter myosins from normal (control) and bite-opened (5.6 mm increase in the vertical dimension for 1 week) guinea-pigs were measured. In control myosin preparations, the average value (mean +/- SD, n = 5) for the actin-filament sliding velocity at 25 degrees C was 4.0 +/- 0.3 microns/sec. In bite-opened myosin preparations (n = 5), it was 3.4 +/- 0.3 microns/sec, a significant (p < 0.01) decrease. Myosin ATPase activity was also decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 mumol Pi mg per min (mean +/- SD, n = 5) after the bite opening. These results strongly suggest that in guinea-pigs an increase in occlusal vertical dimension for 1 week decreases the turnover rate of actin-myosin interaction in the masseter through changes in the myosin isozyme. These changes may result in a slowing of the rate of detachment of myosin cross-bridges from actin filaments.

Actins↗
PubMed2004

[APDI and ODI estimated from substitute palate plane].

PURPOSE: The substitute palate plane was defined at the cephalometrics of noncleft patients. APDI and ODI were estimated from substitute PP. It is expected that the APDI and ODI estimated from PP (APDI',ODI')can be extended to the cleft patients to illustrate the anteroposterior and vertical relationship between maxilla and mandible. METHODS: The cephalometrics of 30 patients of C-I,C-II and C-III were traced and so were in 30 patients of normal overbite,deep overbite and open bite. The substitute palate plane(PP') was defined. The inclination of the PP to the FH, APDI and ODI, the inclination of the substitute PP to the FH,APDI' and ODI' were measured. The APDI and APDI' of C-I, C-II and C-III patients were compared,The ODI and ODI' of normal overbite, deep overbite and open bite patients were also compared by group t test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between APDI and APDI' in C-I, C-II and C-III patients and also no significant difference between ODI and ODI' in normal overbite,deep overbite and open bite patients. It is showed the higher the ODI',the deeper the overbite. And the higher the APDI', the more mesial the molar relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The APDI and ODI estimated from substitute PP can be used as an important criterion to judge the vertical and anteroposterior development of the the maxilla, especially in palate clefts patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effect of reverse curve mushroom archwire on lower incisors in adult patients: a prospective study.

This prospective clinical study was undertaken to analyze adult skeletodental changes induced by a reverse curve mushroom archwire during the initial stage of treatment. Lateral cephalograms from before treatment and immediately after bite opening were evaluated from 8 female adult patients who were undergoing lingual orthodontic treatment. Before treatment the patients had a mean overbite of 3.9 mm. Six linear and 5 angular measurements were selected for cephalometric analysis. The mean change in the cephalometric parameters was subjected to paired t-tests to determine whether the change was significant. There was a highly significant overbite reduction (-1.9 mm, P < .001) leaving a postintrusion overbite of 2.0 mm. The lower incisors were intruded 1.5 mm (P < .001) and the lower incisor edge was in an approximately stable sagittal position (L1 to NPg = -0.2 mm, NS). Some lower incisor proclination (L1 to MP = 1.2 degrees) was seen, which was not of significance. The mandibular molars were not significantly extruded. After bite opening the mandibular plane angle was not significantly altered. Consequently, the lower anterior face height was not significantly increased. The results of this study revealed that the use of reverse curve mushroom archwire is capable of intruding the lower incisors with minimal side effects on the posterior teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphologic stability and patient satisfaction at least 5 years after orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published literature was searched through the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases from 1966 to January 2005. The search was performed by an information specialist at the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The inclusion criteria consisted of a follow-up period of at least 5 years postretention; randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective clinical controlled studies, and cohort studies; and orthodontic treatment including fixed or removable appliances, selective grinding, or extractions. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 1004 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria. Treatment of crowding resulted in successful dental alignment. However, the mandibular arch length and width gradually decreased, and crowding of the lower anterior teeth reoccurred postretention. This condition was unpredictable at the individual level (limited evidence). Treatment of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with Herbst appliance normalized the occlusion. Relapse occurred but could not be predicted at the individual level (limited evidence). The scientific evidence was insufficient for conclusions on treatment of cross-bite, Angle Class III, open bite, and various other malocclusions as well as on patient satisfaction in a long-term perspective. CONCLUSIONS: This review has exposed the difficulties in drawing meaningful evidence-based conclusions often because of the inherent problems of retrospective and uncontrolled study design.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue correlates: a cephalometric analysis of rest position.

The relationship between dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue variables has been quantified in a sample of 60 adult females with normal and anterior open-bite malocclusions. Three lateral rest-position head films were obtained for each subject. A principal component analysis reduced the data base and six significant canonical correlations were identified. The first canonical correlation (r1 = 0.962) represented a size-related correlation factor between the two groups of variables. Subjects with characteristics of a short face syndrome and some evidence of overbite had tongue tips positioned below the lower occlusal plane (r2 = 0.929). In contrast, skeletal open-bite subjects (r4 = 0.759) revealed tongue tips ahead of and above the lower incisor teeth with the mandible in the rest position. Undererupted mandibular teeth (r5 = 0.666) were associated with a reduced tongue height and an inferior epiglottis; short tongue length (r6 = 0.563) correlated with a linear combination of upright central incisors, a small overjet, a low ANB angle, unerupted maxillary and mandibular teeth, and a steep occlusal plane. The multivariate statistical analysis extracted clinically significant associations between tongue soft-tissue and dentoskeletal variables. Tongue posture at rest in skeletal open-bite subjects appeared to be related to incisor position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

"Cat's cradle" midfacial fixation in distraction osteogenesis after Le Fort III osteotomy.

Distraction osteogenesis has provided a powerful technique for the treatment of severe midfacial hypoplasia. Skeletal fixation is a critical component of successful distraction osteogenesis. This is a report on the development of a new approach to bone fixation for distraction osteogenesis of the midface, based on circumferential suspension of the entire midfacial skeleton using surgical wires placed through the soft palate. This technique offers the advantages of (1) complete control of the attitude of the midface in terms of a precise dispersion of forces that can determine the desired pitch, yaw, and roll of this skeletal complex during the active phase of distraction, (2) being compatible with young children in the deciduous dentition stage because it obviates the need for rigid fixation devices on the maxillary lateral walls in the proximity of numerous dental follicles of the unerupted adult dentition, (3) actually serving as the instrument for posterior maxillary "lift" in cases of skeletal open bite malocclusions (frequently seen in the craniosynostoses), thereby allowing the clinician to determine the final occlusal and palatal planes and simultaneously close the open bite. An illustrative case of a 5(1/2)-year-old girl with Apert syndrome is presented wherein her ventilatory obstruction and ocular proptosis were significantly improved.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1990

Swallowing patterns in human subjects with and without temporomandibular dysfunction.

Recent clinical impressions have suggested that tongue-thrust swallowing may often occur in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint(s) and may represent an unconscious effort to avoid temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction by minimizing noxious stimuli from the joints. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the swallowing patterns in human subjects with and without TMJ dysfunction. The swallowing patterns of 25 adult orthodontic patients already known to have TMJ dysfunction and 25 adult control subjects without such dysfunction were examined with the aid of kinesiographic and electromyographic recordings taken while the subjects were sipping water. Analysis of the data revealed that 19 patients with TMJ dysfunction used a tongue-thrust open-jaw swallowing pattern, while only nine control subjects used such a swallowing pattern. Furthermore, six of the patients with TMJ dysfunction had an anterior open bite, while none of the control subjects had an anterior open bite. The results suggest that patients with aberrant swallowing patterns should be examined for temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Orthodontic treatment of a case of Becker muscular dystrophy.

Becker muscular dystrophy, similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is a X-chromosomal linked anomaly characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. Duchenne-type is known to have severe openbite with a steep mandibular plane, but there are no studies that describe the occlusal and skeletal patterns of the Becker-type. Here, we report the orthodontic treatment of a Becker muscular dystrophy patient. In the correction of his severe skeletal open bite general anesthesia or orthognathic surgery was not an option. Multiloop edgewise archwires were employed for orthodontic treatment. After 3 years and 8 months the open bite was corrected. During the retention period contact between the anterior teeth was maintained 8 months after active treatment despite a marked relapse tendency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Multiple fractures following camel bite of the face (a case report).

A rare case of multiple fractures following camel bite of the face in a young male, producing facial deformity and open bite is described. Fractures were confirmed by X-rays and CT scan. Treatment consisted of an open reduction and interosseous wiring of fractures to attain normal occlusion which was maintained by intermaxillary and suspension wire fixation followed by soft tissue repair. This corrected the open bite, collapse of maxillary arches and facial deformity. The behaviour of camels during rutting is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗