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PubMed1979

Oedipal conflicts in narcissistic personality disorders.

A premise of this paper is that a number of male patients we refer to as 'narcissistic characters' suffer intense guilt. This derives from the fact that their oedipal experiences come closer to actualizing what Freud (1916) characterized as 'the two great criminal intentions of killing the father and having sexual relations with the mother' (p.333). Case material is presented to delineate these disturbances. Process material is examined to highlight problems of technique common to these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The analysis of a male patient by a female analyst: the problem of the negative Oedipal transference.

The clinical work in this paper is focused on the analysis of the negative oedipal phase of a male patient with a female analyst. Determinants of this phase are discussed. Theoretical questions are raised and propositions advanced. Transference phenomena are differentiated from the transference neurosis and the types of transferences formed according to the sex of the analyst are discussed. It is proposed that patients develop maternal transferences to analysts of both sexes, but that such transferences are limited to pre-oedipal phases for patients with male analysts. During the analysis of the oedipal phase, both positive and negative, the patient's transference is to the analyst according to the analyst's sex. A true paternal transference neurosis to a female analyst ordinarily does not occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Peter Shaffer's Equus--a psychoanalytic exploration.

In this paper on Equus, an attempt is made to explore from an analytic point of view the psychodynamics of the protagonist, Alan, and his therapist, Dysart. Both the preoedipal and oedipal aspects are discussed. The main thesis of my remarks are aimed at revealing how the author seized upon a real event, namely the blinding of horses by an English lad, and has woven this into his own fantasies. It is emphasized that the playwright in addition employed various sophisticated ego functions that enabled him to express these fantasies in Greek mythological terms (the oedipal myth and the voyage of Agamemnon). The final work then comprises a true creative effort, since, as I mention in my introductory remarks on the creative process, it employs both primary and secondary process thinking and symbolism. The final synthesis represents an eloquent mythopoetic expression and combination of id and ego (autonomous ego functions).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A cross-cultural test of the Freudian theory of circumcision.

Freud's thesis that circumcision is a symbolic substitute for castration as a result of the Oedipus conflict was tested by examining 111 societies (see the note to Table 1). The results show that circumcision is likely to be found in societies in which (1) the son sleeps in the mother's bed during the nursing period in bodily contact with her, and/or (2) the father sleeps in a different hut, reducing his influence on the son as a superior and competing male. Since these two factors seems to intensify the son's oedipal attachment to the mother, the data are compatible with Freud's theory. Bettelheim's theory of circumcision is less fully formulated, and only when we assume that males significantly reduce their vagina envy after puberty rites is his theory compatible with the data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A patient who had trouble with geography.

Aspects of geography are important in relation to the establishment of body ego, since they inevitably supply from the external world the early symbols that represent in the mind the basic elements of infantile experience in regard to body parts, functions, and relationships with primal objects. The accretional inter-twining of all subsequent psychic conflicts can therefore be expressed in symbolic geographic terms. These conflicts center on the developmentally evolving meanings of the mother's body as epitomized in the riddle of the Sphinx. Illustration of the concepts includes a brief clinical report and selected literary and mythological examples.

Ego↗