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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Personality types in endogenous and non-endogenous depression].

The post depressive personality of three groups of previously depressed patients (19 bipolar endogenous, 95 unipolar endogenous, 58 non endogenous) and of a control group of 33 normal subjects was examined. The contaminating influence of the residual depressive symptomatology on the personality measures, when present, was eliminated. Using uni- and multivariate procedures, the existence of statistically significant inter-group differences was demonstrated. The results contradict some previous assertions. "Neuroticism' is significantly higher in the three groups of depressive as in the control group. In addition, the non endogenous are high on "autonomy' and "aggression', the unipolar endogenous are low on "autonomy', and the bipolar endogenous are high on "hypomanic drive towards success and performance', and on 'obsessional trends and aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

Long-term adverse effects of brief marijuana usage.

Marijuana is known to produce a number of short-lived side effects as well as longer lasting adverse effects resulting from chronic usage. The author wishes to draw attention to the occurrence of long lasting adverse effects which appear to be brought on by one-time usage of marijuana. The author has seen several such cases, 2 of which are presented here. These individuals were functioning well in the presence of mild to moderate psychopathology prior to using marijuana. Subsequently they functioned on a lower level for at least several months and the degree of psychopathology noted was greater.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The concept of bradyphrenia.

The historical interplay between akinesia, bradyphrenia and psychomotor retardation is reviewed. It is concluded that bradyphrenia is a common accompaniment to the motor disabilities of Parkinson's disease and consists of slowness of thought, impaired attention and motivation, lack of spontaneity, inflexibility and forgetfulness. Impaired attentional extra-dimensional set-shifting may be responsible for many of these problems. Some clinical overlap occurs between Parkinson's disease, severe depressive illness and obsessional-compulsive disorder and it is proposed that there may be shared biological disturbances involving basal-ganglia-limbic-frontal circuits in the three conditions.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1993

[The "Zeigarnik effect" in schizophrenic patients with obsessions].

76 schizophrenics with obsessive symptoms were examined for effect Zeigarnik. This effect was found in the patients with phobic disturbances with relevant defense measures evidencing adequate hierarchic structure of motivation. The absence of Zeigarnik effect in patients with obsession transforming into conditions close to catatonic stereotypes reflects distinct restructuring and defective hierarchy of the patients motivation sphere.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

A comparative study of erotomanic and obsessional subjects in a forensic sample.

Erotomania is the delusional belief that one is passionately loved by another. These persons often go to great lengths to approach their object of desire, often necessitating the attention of the law. We have reviewed a forensic sample to select subjects who meet criteria for the diagnosis of erotomania. Case histories from all of the case files of the Threat Management Unit of the Los Angeles Police Department were reviewed to compare erotomanic subjects with those who were suffering from other disorders. Various demographic and other relevant data were examined to determine if the erotomanic subjects presented similar or different profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Possessed! Some historical, psychiatric and curent moments of demonic possession].

Being possessed by demons or evil spirits is one of the oldest ways of explaining bodily and mental disorders. The article briefly mentions some contributions from other disciplines, but considers in particular psychiatry's and medicine's approach throughout history. During the middle ages of Europe possession (and witchcraft) was considered just one out of several causes of mental illness. Astrological theories prevailed, in addition to the humoral theories of medicine. In addition distinctions were made between eccentricity, madness and religious visions and revelations. A large number of the alleged witches and possessed persons who were burned probably had visible mental disturbances. Today's psychiatry does not refer symptoms of possession to any specific category, but usually classifies this as some kind of psychotic disturbance of thought. Exorcism of evil spirits by Jesus Christ is described often in the Gospels. Possession was the only "available" concept for a bundle of neuro-psychiatric disorders: dissociative states, psychoses and epilepsy. To day, the terminology and "diagnostic" principles have been taken over by fundamentalistic groups, who practise exorcism on persons with (probably) minor mental problems and symptoms. The author criticises this activity.

Europe↗
PubMed1997

Stalkers: the South Carolina experience.

Medical records of 18 pretrial detainees charged with stalking were evaluated at a forensic unit in Columbia, South Carolina from January 1992 to December 1994 and their records were compared with those of 18 offenders in the same unit randomly matched for sex, race, and whether associated crimes were violent or not. Compared variables included age, marital status, level of education, substance abuse, Axis I diagnosis, prior psychiatric hospitalizations, military history, and organicity. Significant findings show that alleged stalkers were better educated, less likely to be married or to abuse substances, and more likely to have military training and organicity when compared with other offenders. The prototypical stalker in this study is a single, educated male who is likely to have military training as well as some degree of organicity. He is less likely than other offenders to abuse substances. Replication studies are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Depression with obsession of contrast content].

Twenty depressed patients (according to ICD-10) with obsessions of contrast content (homicidophobia--4 patients, suicidophobia--12, other contrast obsessions--4 cases) were examined. The affective disorders belonged to polar areas of a depressive spectrum: anxious depressions (with a prevalence of manifestations of positive affectivity in the form of somatopsychic hyperstesia) and existential depressions (with domination of manifestations of negative affectivity in the form of alienation of the vital functions). In anxious depressions there were compulsive obsessions of contrast content (12 patients), while in existential ones impulsive obsessions (8 cases). Compulsive obsessions of contrast contents (fear of a lack of self-control pronounced in the form of the attacks of lissophobia) were formed at the height of an anxious-depressive affect. Impulsive obsessions of contrast contents (fear of self-damage with elements of an obsessive drive to its realization) were formed during depressive devitalization and were exceeded by suicidal ideas. Comorbidity of depressive and obsessive manifestations was realized by a peculiar type of interrelations with formation of "convergent" symptoms which reflected an increase of severity of depressive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The "small penis": considerations about subjective penile deficiency].

In sexology clinical practice you can see quite frequently patients who make complaints about their penis not being big enough. The Authors suggest that the subjective feeling of penis deficiency is a symptom which needs to be properly diagnosed and understood, in order to be able to make effective therapeutic interventions, from a psychotherapeutic, psychopharmacologic or surgical point of view.

Body Image↗
PubMed1999

Expressed emotion and behavior therapy outcome: a prospective study with obsessive-compulsive and agoraphobic outpatients.

The relationship of expressed emotion (EE) to behavior therapy outcome for obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 60) and panic disorder with agoraphobia (n = 41) was investigated. Relatives' emotional overinvolvement and hostility predicted higher rates of treatment dropout. Higher hostility, as assessed by the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), was related to poorer outcome for target ratings and for the Social Adjustment Scale; higher perceived criticism was also predictive of worse response on target ratings. In contrast, nonhostile criticism on the CFI was associated with better outcome on the behavioral avoidance test. In general, the relationship of EE to outcome was not moderated by type of relative, diagnosis, amount of contact with the relative, or use of psychotropic medication.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Electrophysiological correlates of behavioral response inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In this study, we have attempted to determine the electrophysiological correlates of behavioral response inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To evaluate response inhibition ability, we have used the Go/NoGo task and measured N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components. Both the OCD and control groups exhibited greater and more frontally distributed N2 and P3 amplitudes in the NoGo condition compared to what we observed in the Go condition. However, the patients with OCD also manifested reduced NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes at the frontocentral electrode sites compared to the controls. In addition, the NoGo-N2 amplitudes were more posteriorly distributed in patients with OCD than in controls. The NoGo-N2 amplitudes and latencies measured at the central sites were also negatively correlated with the obsession score on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The OCD and control groups were comparable with regard to Go-P3 and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latencies. Our findings suggest dysfunctions in frontal regions mediating response inhibition in OCD, consistent with the involvement of response inhibition in the pathophysiology of this disorder. In addition, NoGo-N2 seems to result in more accurate response inhibition measurements in patients with OCD than does NoGo-P3.

Adult↗