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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Gamma knife radiosurgery in neuro-ophthalmology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Following technological advances in imaging and dose planning made in the past decade, gamma knife radiosurgery has become more and more an established treatment for a wide range of indications of interest and import to the neuro-ophthalmology community. These areas include cavernous sinus lesions and sellar lesions (for which radiosurgery can be offered as adjuvant or in certain cases as primary treatment), cavernous sinus fistulae, parasellar syndromes, and pituitary tumors. RECENT FINDINGS: Occurrence of radiation-induced cranial nerve deficits and radiation-induced optic neuropathy are infrequent following radiosurgery to these areas, and perhaps radiation-induced necrosis is less prevalent than in conventional radio therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY: Gamma knife radiosurgery remains a compelling treatment for lesions of the cavernous sinus, pineal, and sellar regions and offers increasing applicability for ocular conditions such as uveal melanoma and glaucoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2005

Teaching phacoemulsification in US ophthalmology residencies: can the quality be maintained?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the current status of phacoemulsification training and the factors that will influence the future quality of training in phacoemulsification. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent developments include residents performing phaco without previous ECCE experience, residents using topical anesthesia in early surgical cases, virtual surgery, improved techniques for surgical practice with animal eyes, and modular surgical training. SUMMARY: Learning to perform cataract surgery is a universal experience for US ophthalmologists. Training in phacoemulsification during residency is one of the most important components of postgraduate education in ophthalmology. The quality of phacoemulsification training in the US is currently threatened by a confluence of factors including decreasing surgical numbers, rapidly changing technology, and shrinking financial resources. The impending decline in quality of phacoemulsification training in US residencies can be prevented if creative and innovative solutions to these problems are applied. These types of solutions include use of improved animal eye practice, virtual surgical practice, alterations in live surgery teaching techniques, and finding additional sources of financial support for surgical teaching.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2006

Postmortem ophthalmologic examination by endoscopy.

Abnormal intraocular findings detected during forensic autopsies have generally been ignored. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of postmortem ophthalmologic examination in 46 cases using an endoscope system with a tip diameter of 0.9 mm. This procedure was performed using a portable system, and only 1 assistant was needed. Furthermore, the procedure required only about 5 minutes for both eyes. Abnormal intraocular findings were seen in 22 (47.8%) of 46 cases. Fundus hemorrhages were observed in 4, and papilledema was observed in 3 of 5 cases of death due to head trauma; besides, it was possible to estimate the interval between head trauma and death based on intraocular findings. Seven of 16 cases of death from asphyxia presented abnormal intraocular findings, including retinal splinter hemorrhages. Fundus hemorrhages were observed in 2 of 3 cases of death by drowning, which, to our knowledge, had never been reported to date.Thus, this procedure proved easy to perform, and it may be useful to detect significant abnormal intraocular findings related to the presumed cause of death during autopsies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Change-oriented patient questionnaires--testing a new method at three departments of ophthalmology.

The use of patient questionnaires has increased widely in recent years. Their purpose, to incorporate patient perspectives into the orientation and design of health care, is, of course, commendable. However, the survey methods themselves have been less adequate, both in terms of validity and reliability, and with respect to the potential for using the results to improve the quality of health care. Presents a pilot study at three departments of ophthalmology in Sweden, involving a new method which meets reasonable demands for validity and reliability, and is explicitly change-oriented.

Health Care Surveys↗
PubMed1975

Tape/slide course in ophthalmology for undergraduates.

A tape/slide course in ophthalmology was used for fifth year medical students at the University of Edinburgh. A statistical comparison between the tape/slide and lecture method of teaching showed no significant difference in examination results: means mark (P greater than 0-50), spread of mark (P greater than 0-05), or in question consistency (P greater than 0-40). The tape/slide method is initially time consuming to produce but has clear advantages in the long term, being of a consistently high standard, easy to present and repeat, useful in revision, for student electives and in lecturers' absence.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1980

The Ophthalmological Society of Melbourne (1899-1913).

Appropriate social and medical circumstances occurred in 1899 for the foundation of the Ophthalmological Society of Melbourne. Bimonthly meetings were held, at which a large number of interesting cases were presented and discussed. The Society suddenly collapsed in 1906, but was revived in 1912 only to disband to become the Eye and Ear Section of the Victorian Branch of the British Medical Association.

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Casemix--what is it and what does it mean to ophthalmology?

The Australian government is committed to the establishment of a prospective payment system based on casemix information for acute hospital care in the near future, because these systems are demonstrably socially equitable and more efficient than present 'historical' systems. Since ophthalmology is an outpatient-based specialty, the establishment of a good ambulatory casemix system is essential to this specialty. Considerable input from clinicians will be required to establish a satisfactory system, and to maintain it in years to come.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

The revolution in molecular genetics and its impact on ophthalmology.

Rapid advances in molecular technology have led to the identification of many genes responsible for inherited disease in ophthalmology. These discoveries also portend an understanding of the pathogenesis of more common ophthalmic disorders which have a genetic component, such as open-angle glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. This review comprises a summary of these advances in molecular genetics, particularly the contribution of the Human Genome Project; a tabulation of the genes recently proven to be mutated in hereditary ocular conditions; and a discussion of the implications for the practising ophthalmologist.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Anaesthesia techniques for cataract surgery: a survey of delegates to the Congress of the International Council of Ophthalmology, 2002.

BACKGROUND: Cataract surgery is performed using various regional, local, or topical anaesthetic techniques and agents and general anaesthesia. As there is continuous change in the popularity of these techniques, an estimate of current anaesthetic practices for cataract surgery around the world was derived. This allows comparison of techniques and practices internationally and may serve as a baseline for future surveys. METHODS: At the 2002 Congress of the International Council of Ophthalmology held in Sydney, Australia, ophthalmic surgeons from around the world were surveyed with regard to their anaesthetic techniques for cataract surgery. RESULTS: It was found that almost all cataract surgery was performed using regional anaesthesia. Surgeons performed just over half of the anaesthetics; however, in some countries anaesthetists performed the vast majority of eye anaesthetics. The most frequently employed technique was the peribulbar block, but a substantial minority were performed under topical anaesthesia. An anaesthesia-trained person monitored most patients during cataract surgery, and the most commonly used local anaesthetic was lignocaine. CONCLUSION: Although there is a single most frequent practice in the type of regional block employed for cataract surgery among the delegates, and general anaesthesia is seldom used, individual countries have very different results regarding the anaesthetic used and the role of the anaesthetist.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1987

Updating of methods for prevention of HIV transmission during ophthalmological procedures.

The presence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) particles in the tear fluid, on the conjunctival surface or in the contact lenses of patients with chronic HIV infection has made it necessary to establish better for guide-lines for decontamination of instruments during ophthalmological procedures. The methods are now at the stage of evolution. The present paper describes the disinfection procedures used in the Helsinki University Eye Hospital and updates the present decontamination protocols.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

No-show patients in an ophthalmological out-patient department.

Information on no-show patients in an ophthalmological out-patient department was collected and analyzed during one month in 1992 and compared to one month in 1993, after the introduction of a new policy of allocating fines to those patients who did not show for their appointments. In October 1992, 118 patients (6.4% out of 1837 scheduled appointments) and in 1993, 94 patients (5.5% out of 1710 appointments) did not show for the appointment. The strabismus unit showed the highest percentage of no-show patients for both years (8.4% in 1992, 7.5% in 1993) and the low vision unit the lowest (4.6% in 1992, 4.1% in 1993). In 1992, Tuesday (8.9%), and in 1993 Monday (6.9%) were the weekdays with the highest percentages; the lowest was Wednesday (4.4% in 1992, 2.8% in 1993). By appointment type, consultations from other clinics had the highest percentage in both years (7.9% in 1992, 6.9% in 1993) while the lowest was visits to personnel other than a doctor (3.7% in both years). The age group 31-40 years had the most no-show patients in both years (10.9% in 1992, 10.2% in 1993). The lowest percentage was in the age group 61-80 years (2.6-4.9% in 1992, 3.0-2.7% in 1993). To minimize broken appointments, it is important to inform the patient well about his disease and the significance of the examinations and follow-up visits. As an economical result of the no-show patients, a calculated income equivalent to the salary of about 3 persons in the nursing staff was lost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

An evaluation of the change in activity and workload arising from diabetic ophthalmology referrals following the introduction of a community based digital retinal photographic screening programme.

AIMS: To determine how the workload of an ophthalmology department changed following the introduction of an organised retinal screening programme. METHODS: Information was collected from the hospital medical record of people with diabetes attending eye clinics over 4 years. The first year was before screening, the next 2 years the first round, and the fourth year the second round. RESULTS: The total number of people with diabetes referred each year over the 4 year period was 853, 954, 974, 1051 consecutively. The number of people with diabetes in the county rose by 1400 per annum. The total number of referrals for an opinion about diabetic retinopathy was 227, 333, 363, 368, for cataract was 64, 57, 77, 93, and for glaucoma was 57, 62, 61, 68. The total number of patients referred for laser treatment over the 4 years was 77, 124, 111, and 63 CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the workload in the eye clinic increases in the first round of screening but in subsequent rounds it does not fall below the pre-screening level, except for laser treatment. This may be partly because of increasing numbers of people with diabetes. With the introduction of a national screening programme, this has significant workload implications for the National Health Service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A survey of the initial referral of children to an ophthalmology department.

We report on a survey of the referral of 525 children making their first visit to an ophthalmology department. Information was gathered by interviewing the parents and reviewing the case notes. Parents and relatives initiated the referrals in 223 cases (42%) and health visitors initiated a further 123 cases (23%). General practitioners were rarely the first to notice a condition, though they played a major part in the subsequent referral process. Of 556 reasons for referral squint was the most important (319 cases, 57%), followed by poor vision (106 cases, 19%). There were 44 confirmed cases of amblyopia, of which 15 (34%) were not detected until the child was aged 5 years or over. The overall accuracy of referral was 66% (367 reasons for referral confirmed). In 109 cases (21%) the child was found to be normal. Parents and relatives first noticed 54% of cases of confirmed squint but only 15% of the cases of poor vision. Health professionals, especially health visitors, were of great importance in first detecting poor vision.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

[Ophthalmology].

UNLABELLED: The present article describes the eye injuries observed in victims of the terrorist attack of 11 March in our hospital. Of the 325 injured individuals who arrived from the sites of explosion, 47 (15%) required specialized ophthalmologic care. Of these 41 were treated on 11 March and the 6 remaining patients were treated on subsequent days. In 5 patients emergency interventions were required. In 3 patients, interventions were delayed. RESULTS: anatomical loss in 1 patient and functional loss in 3 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Auxological, ophthalmological, neurological and MRI findings in 25 Austrian patients with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). Preliminary data.

UNLABELLED: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) comprises ophthalmological, endocrinological and neurological disorders resulting from varying degrees of midline malformation of the forebrain like visual impairment by optic nerve hypoplasia, endocrine deficits due to hypothalamic and/or pituitary anomalies, and psychomental retardation by associated cortical malformation. MRI shows aplasia/hypoplasia of the septum pellucidum and corpus callosum as a radiological hallmark. For etiology, genetic defects (Hesx1/HESX1 gene) as well as vascular disruption during embryonic brain development are discussed. AIM: To perform detailed analysis of morphological findings and clinical symptoms and to improve care of SOD patients by interdisciplinary management. PATIENTS: We investigated 25 patients with a mean age of 5.1 years at diagnosis. RESULTS: Pituitary insufficiency was present in 11/25 patients, multiple deficits in 6 of them. Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia was found in 70% of patients, unilateral in 20%. Mild or moderate neurological disorders were observed in the majority of patients (14/20), EEG was usually normal (12/19). Analysis of MRI films revealed very heterogeneous morphological anomalies, ranging from isolated agenesis of the septum pellucidum to multiple malformations, involving the cortex. Malrotation of the hippocampal structures was a common finding. CONCLUSION: We conclude that only interdisciplinary management of SOD patients can ameliorate the exact diagnosis and outcome, depending on early visual or developmental support as well as early diagnosis and substitution of potentially life-threatening endocrine deficits.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Ten years of cataract epidemiology studies in the Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, 1980-1990.

The knowledge of the multifactorial genesis of the so-called senile cataract has initiated an intensified search for cataract-related risk factors. The mechanisms of syn- and cocataractogenesis could already be shown in the Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Bonn, in the seventies. Subsequently, cataract epidemiology became a field of interest in 1980 when all available epidemiological data related to cataract research were first collected and reviewed. It has become obvious that the various types of cataract morphology do not represent one unique disease 'senile cataract' but reflect different biochemical characteristics. A preliminary study assigned data of case history as well as blood and lens biochemistry to four types of lens opacity. Scheimpflug photography and multilinear microdensitometry were the basis for classifying cataract lenses. After increasing the number of involved patients, the data were analyzed by means of multivariate statistics. The originally used cataract classification system was enlarged to eight types of frequently seen cataract morphologies. A control group was built up to enable case-control studies as well as to obtain characteristics of normal lens density related to age.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[History of the development of some ophthalmologic instruments by Carl Zeiss].

Starting with the corneal microscope of 1898, numerous ophthalmological instruments have been developed at Zeiss in cooperation with important eye doctors. Examples are retinal cameras, slitlamps, the photo slitlamp, the keratometer, surgical microscopes and the photocoagulator. As an optical feature, some of these instruments exhibit parallel beam paths making easier the construction of modular systems.

Germany↗
PubMed1989

Three ophthalmological instruments: the rotating contact glass holder, the cutying forceps and the diamond cystotome.

Three new ophthalmological instruments are described: a rotating contact glass holder for easier control of the three-mirror Goldmann or other diagnostic contact lens which must be rotated on the eye; a suture-tying forceps combined with a sapphire blade, combining the tying and cutting functions in one instrument and a diamond cystotome for anterior capsulectomy with a cutting edge of unequalled sharpness.

Microsurgery↗