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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ocular lesions caused by caterpillar hairs (ophthalmia nodosa).

The ocular reactions to caterpillar hairs are diverse in nature and location, ranging from a toxic reaction to the external foreign bodies, keratoconjunctivitis or the formation of conjunctival nodules, to intense iritis, vitritis or papillitis. Four cases are presented in this paper to illustrate the various degrees of ocular involvement. Included are clinical photographs of intravitreal and subretinal hairs. A classification of these reactions is suggested to facilitate the choice of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Snakebite and snake venom ophthalmia.

Snakebite is not necessarily snake envenomation. Of about 2,500 known species of snakes, only about 40 are regarded as being dangerous. A snake will not go out of its way to attack a person and even in defense, snakes bite humans usually to dissuade and not to kill.Early surgical excision of the bitten area is regarded as a most important aspect in the management of a poisonous snakebite, and because of the side effects of horse serum, cautious use of antivenin is advised only in cases of severe systemic poisoning.When a snake spits into the eyes, prompt treatment is indicated to prevent future blindness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmia in turkeys infected with Pasteurella multocida.

Blepharoconjunctivitis and hypopyon were observed in eyes of turkeys infected during 2 epornitics of fowl cholera. Blepharoconjunctivitis, hypopyon, anterior synechiae, and panophthalmitis were observed sporadically in turkeys experimentally exposed to Pasteurella multocida via drinking water. P. multocida was isolated from these lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Neonatal chlamydial infections: prevention and treatment.

Neonatal chlamydial infection, which manifests principally as ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) or pneumonia, is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity. Widespread use of silver nitrate drops resulted in a dramatic decline in the incidence of gonococcal ophthalmia but had much less impact on the incidence of neonatal chlamydial infection. Chlamydia trachomatis has become the most common infectious cause of ON in developed countries.A number of prophylactic antibiotic or antiseptic agents have been used to prevent ON. Prophylaxis with 1% silver nitrate ophthalmic drops, 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, or 1% tetracycline ointment has comparable efficacy for the prevention of chlamydial ophthalmia but does not offer protection against nasopharyngeal colonization or the development of pneumonia. Erythromycin or tetracycline topically have been used as prophylactic agents because of their allegedly superior activity for the prevention of ON and because they produced less chemical conjunctivitis compared with silver nitrate. However, the relative efficacy of these agents for chlamydial infection and the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrheae has raised questions regarding their effectiveness when applied topically for prophylaxis of ON. Compared with these agents, a 2.5% povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution has been found to have greater efficacy for the prevention of ON generally, and chlamydial ophthalmia specifically. In countries where the incidence of ON is very low, an alternative strategy is to institute prenatal screening and treatment of infected mothers, forgo routine neonatal prophylaxis, and follow-up infants after birth for the possible development of infection. For the treatment of chlamydial ophthalmia or pneumonia, oral erythromycin for 2 weeks is recommended; additional topical therapy is unnecessary. However, in approximately 20-30% of infants, therapy will not eradicate the organism and the infant may require a repeat oral course of antibiotics. The few published studies on the use of the new oral macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin, roxithromycin, or clarithromycin for chlamydial infections in neonates suggest that these agents may be effective; however, more data on their tolerability and efficacy in this patient group are warranted.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Neonatal and childhood gonococcal infections.

Maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality can be significantly decreased by selective screening of prenatal patients for gonorrhea, early treatment, and follow-up cultures after treatment for gonorrhea. Ophthalmia is the most significant neonatal gonococcal infection. Administration of silver nitrate at delivery is the best prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia. Treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia, however, requires parenteral penicillin, conjunctival antimicrobial therapy, and hospitalization. Treatment of the gonococci-infected mother is also indicated. Childhood gonorrhea is most commonly manifested as vulvovaginitis in girls or urethritis in boys, usually without associated disseminated gonococcal infection. Transmission can occur by indirect contact with an infected parent or involuntary or voluntary sexual activity: in children over age 10 years transmission of gonococci most commonly involves voluntary sexual activity. Emphasis should be placed on early treatment of the infected child, follow-up cultures, and contact tracing. Diagnosis of gonococcal infection requires adequate specimens, gram stains, and cultures for N. gonorrhoeae. In disseminated neonatal gonococcal disease, gram strains and cultures of the conjunctiva, oropharynx, orogastric aspirates, anogenital area, umbilicus, and external ear canal frequently aid in the diagnosis. Frequently, a gram strain of the urethral discharge in boys is sufficient for diagnosis of gonorrhea; in girls cultures are necessary. Since the incidence of gonorrhea in children has increased, the importance of epidemiologic analysis and follow-up after treatment can not be overemphasized.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

Granulomatous uveitis after treatment of a choroidal melanoma with proton-beam irradiation.

Histologic examination of an eye removed 2 years after receiving proton-beam irradiation for a choroidal melanoma revealed residual tumor in the choroid and nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation, consistent with the diagnosis of early sympathetic ophthalmia. Sutures that secured four tantulum rings to the sclera did not penetrate the uvea. Sympathetic ophthalmia without evidence of a perforating injury has been described previously after helium ion therapy. The findings in our case further support the hypothesis that there is a risk of developing sympathetic ophthalmia after charged-particle therapy in the absence of a penetrating injury of the uveal tract.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Cyclosporine in the treatment of nonmicrobial inflammatory ophthalmic disease.

Eighteen patients with severe, progressive nonmicrobial inflammatory ophthalmic disease (including five with intermediate uveitis, four with sympathetic ophthalmia and three with serpiginous choroiditis) that had not responded to conventional therapy were treated with cyclosporine. Three of the four patients with sympathetic ophthalmia responded quickly and maximally, and the fourth showed partial improvement. One patient, with several corneal graft failures in the right eye, started cyclosporine therapy after undergoing left corneal transplantation; at the last follow-up visit the graft had been clear for almost 3 years. The response was inconsistent in patients with other types of eye disease. In general, the drug was well tolerated; however, two patients stopped treatment because of unpleasant side effects. No serious or irreversible complications developed. The results suggest that cyclosporine therapy is useful in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia and in high-risk corneal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gonococcal infection of the newborn in Florida, 1984-1989.

An increase in neonatal gonococcal infections was recorded in Florida between 1984 and 1988. By reviewing Florida sexually transmitted disease surveillance case records between 1984 and 1989, 68 cases of neonatal gonococcal infections were identified state-wide. Those 68 cases included 55 (81%) cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, 4 genital infections, 1 nasal infection, 1 ear infection, 1 skin infection, and 1 scalp infection. At birth, positive culture results were demonstrated in 3 gastric and 2 respiratory aspirate cultures. A case-control study using birth certificates as the source of information showed that mothers of infected infants were more likely to be younger, black (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3, 16.2), and less educated (less than a high school education, OR = 2.9, CI 1.0,8.8) in comparison to mothers of control subjects. Although mothers of infected newborns were less likely to have received prenatal care than were mothers of control subjects, this difference was not statistically significant. Maternal substance abuse was documented among 19% of the mothers of the infected infants. The rate of clinical gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in Florida hospitals from which cases had been reported was 1.7 per 10,000 live births, and tended to be higher in hospitals using erythromycin than in hospitals using any other prophylactic eye treatment. This study suggests that the rate of neonatal gonococcal infection, in particular ophthalmia neonatorum, may have increased in Florida among high-risk populations between 1984 and 1988, and underscores the need for targeted prevention efforts and surveillance.

Case-Control Studies↗