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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Protective effect of rear-seat restraints during car collisions.

The nature of injuries to 2684 car occupants involved in 1055 car accidents were analysed. Less than 1% front-seat occupants were children, compared with 25% of rear-seat passengers. Nearly all (97%) rear-seat passengers were unrestrained. Type of impact was generally similar for front-seat as for back-seat occupants, except for rollover impacts, which were commoner among rear-seat passengers. Injury severity distribution was similar for front-seat as for rear-seat occupants. Except for minor-to-moderate neck injuries, which were the result of deceleration, most injuries to rear-seat passengers were due to contact with the front seat, with glazing materials, or with other parts of the car. The use of car restraints by rear-seat passengers should reduce the incidence and severity of injuries.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

High school football-related cervical spinal cord injuries in Louisiana: the athlete's perspective.

Louisiana has one of the highest rates in the nation of cervical spinal cord injuries to high school football players. When the national rate of these injuries is applied to the number of high school participants in Louisiana, we would expect there to be only one catastrophic neck injury every 14 years. Louisiana, however, has averaged 2.3 spinal cord injuries per year for the past seven football seasons. Players who use the top of their helmets to tackle, block, or strike opponents are at greatest risk for these injuries. This study was undertaken to describe the safe tackling knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Louisiana high school football players. We surveyed 596 players from 16 Louisiana high schools. When asked if it was within the rules to tackle anyone by using the top of their helmet, 29% incorrectly answered "yes". Similarly, when asked if they had ever tackled anyone using the top of their helmet, 33% reported that they had. Twenty-eight percent said that they had been taught to use this unsafe method. Of these, 83% said that their coach taught them this dangerous and illegal method. Using the helmet as a battering ram must be discouraged. Education for officials, coaches, and players is needed to improve recognition of improper tackling. Proper training in tackling and blocking is an important means of minimizing the possibility of catastrophic injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Severe injuries of the neck].

An analysis of the surgical tactics in 15 patients with severe combined neck traumas was carried out. All the patients recovered. There were 3 injuries to the trachea, 2 injuries to the larynx, 3 injuries to the pharynx and 2 injuries to the thyroid gland. 10 patients sustained traumas to the large vessels. Surgical tactics and results of the treatment are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Experimental cervical spine injury model: evaluation of airway management and splinting techniques.

We evaluated airway management maneuvers and the effects of cervical splinting on a model of an injured spinal column. X-ray films of a fresh cadaver verified a normal cervical spine. C5-C6 instability was created surgically and documented radiologically with flexion and extension maneuvers. Basic and advanced airway techniques were performed and were documented radiologically. The procedures were then repeated using different types of splinting. Chin lift, jaw thrust, esophageal obturator airway (EOA), and endotracheal intubation can cause extension, widening, and/or anterior subluxation. A two-piece, semirigid soft cervical collar may minimize flexion but not extension of the spine. With the Velcro in back, soft collars minimize flexion; with Velcro in front, they minimize extension. Standard nonsurgical airway management techniques appear to aggravate preexisting injuries. The soft collar and semirigid collar do little to prevent movement, and their presence may serve only as a warning to physicians that a neck injury may be present.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2005

Penetrating injuries of the neck: use of helical computed tomographic angiography.

The diagnostic evaluation of stable patients with penetrating trauma to the neck remains controversial. Conventional angiography has traditionally been considered the gold standard for evaluation of vascular injuries. The use of angiography for stable patients with penetrating neck trauma has been questioned because of its invasive nature and reported low yield. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of noninvasive techniques such as helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography for the evaluation of these patients. Helical CT angiography, a low-risk, rapid, accurate, noninvasive, reproducible technique, is less expensive than conventional angiography. Helical CT angiography also can provide information about potential lesions of associated vital structures such as the cervical spine and the aerodigestive tract. This review evaluates the authors' current protocol for penetrating neck wounds and identifies indications for helical CT angiography.

Angiography↗
PubMed1996

Commercial logging fatalities in Ontario, 1986-1991.

Despite the economic importance and hazardous nature of commercial logging in various regions, few medical studies have examined fatalities in this industry. Data derived from the files of the Ontario Chief Coroner's Office revealed 52 deaths, all men, from 1986 to 1991 in the province of Ontario. Forty-four cases were accidents (age range 20-73 years; average, 44 years), the majority involving experienced loggers. Personal error resulting in preventable unsafe work practices was a factor in most accidents (n = 35; 79.5%). Almost one half of injured workers were struck by either dead or cut trees. Although the majority of cases occurred in remote areas, delayed medical attention as a factor contributing to death was uncommon. Many of the injuries were nonsurvivable and most victims (n = 33; 75%) were dead at the scene. Most deaths were caused by either head and neck injuries (n = 20; 45.5%), multiple trauma (n = 10; 23%), chest trauma only (n = 6; 13.5%), or mechanical asphyxia (n = 5; 11%). Blood alcohol was negative in 24 accident victims tested. Eight deaths (age range 42-52 years; average, 49 years) were due to cardiac causes, mainly ischemic heart disease. Disease may have contributed to two accidents.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Injury patterns in peacekeeping missions: the Kosovo experience.

Proper medical deployment planning requires projecting injuries. For this reason, the injury patterns and mechanism of injury were reviewed for an 18-month period in Kosovo, and injury rates and mechanisms were extracted for review. Overall, there were 404 trauma patients treated during the study period. Isolated head and neck injuries accounted for 29.5% (119) of injuries, chest wounds 5.7% (23), abdominal wounds 4.5% (18), and extremities 33.4% (135). Multiply injured patients accounted for the remaining 27.0% (109). When subdivided by mechanism, penetrating injury made up 36.9% (149), whereas blunt trauma accounted for 63.1% (255). Motor vehicle accidents made up the majority of blunt trauma (72.2%). Of penetrating injuries, gunshot wounds accounted for 55%, blast wounds 38%, and stabbings 6.7%. The data clearly demonstrate that humanitarian and peacekeeping missions require preparation for a wide variety of mechanisms of injury beyond the typical penetrating trauma of combat situations.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

Evidential value of injuries useful for reconstruction of the pedestrian-vehicle location at the moment of collision.

The paper presents final results of the studies concerning the usefulness of knee, ankle, hip, pelvis and neck injuries in reconstructing the circumstances of car-to-pedestrian accidents. Each type of injuries was evaluated with regard to possible reconstruction of the victim's position (upright or recumbent) at the moment of collision and in the upright hits-the side of the pedestrian's body hit. In each group, a chance of proper reconstruction of the pedestrian's location (which determined the frequency of injury pattern assumed as the typical one of a given position or impact side) and error risk (percentage of cases in which the injury pattern showed improper position or impact side) were calculated. These data were compared with similarly calculated possibilities of deducing based on the classical "bumper" injuries to soft tissues and "bending" fractures of the lower limb bone diaphyses. It was shown that the bone bruises within the knee epiphyses were very specific evidence for upright hits as they confirm the limb load by body mass at the moment of pathological dislocation of joint structures on impact. The evidential value of knee injuries was found to be similar to that of other "classical" methods based on bumper injuries or even higher in lateral and front hits. The injuries to the remaining structures were less frequently found and their correlation with the victim's position or impact side was lower. Nevertheless, once the whole complex of these injuries is taken into consideration the chances of proper reconstruction of the pedestrian-vehicle location increase and the risk of opinion error is minimized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Cockroach: the omnivorous scavenger. Potential misinterpretation of postmortem injuries.

Interpretation of postmortem injuries, including their differentiation from those produced antemortem, may be difficult even for experienced forensic pathologists. A variety of animals or insects residing in the death environment may alter the appearance of the deceased. Dictyoptera blattaria (the cockroach) is common in the residential setting. Three cases of sudden and unexpected infant death are presented in which postmortem injuries inflicted by cockroaches initially raised concern of nonaccidental injury. The true nature of the lesions was not recognized by the people at the death scene and, in one case, observation of neck injuries raised suspicion of possible strangulation. In another, the lesions were thought to be burns of different ages. Cockroaches are omnivorous scavengers that devour keratin. They will bite human flesh in both the living and dead with resultant injury. Recognition of cockroach bites will help in the evaluation of injuries discovered during child death investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Safety implications of extending some Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards to light trucks and vans.

The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the implications of extending specific Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS) to light trucks and vans (LTVs). This was accomplished through the examination of the potential safety-related benefits of these standards comparing the injury frequencies and severities of the light trucks and vans and the passenger cars (PCs). The standards considered, which currently apply to passenger cars but not to LTVs, are the head restraint (CMVSS 202), side door strength (CMVSS 214), and roof crush strength (CMVSS 216) standards. The comparison was effected by means of logit models developed from multidimensional tables with injury frequency and severity as dependent variables. There are indications that installing head restraints in light trucks and vans could reduce or prevent minor neck injuries and that modest benefits could be achieved by extending the roof crush standard to the LTVs. It was also determined that the side door strength standard may not necessarily be as beneficial to LTVs in conditions in which the vehicle is struck on the side by another LTV. It is suggested that the general public be made aware of the differences in safety standards between LTVs and PCs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Pediatric martial arts injuries presenting to Emergency Departments, United States 1990-2003.

Although an estimated 6.5 million United States (US) children aged 6-17 practiced a martial art in 2004, there have been no nationally representative studies comparing pediatric injuries among the three most popular disciplines, karate, taekwondo, and judo. Describe pediatric martial arts injuries presenting to a representative sample of US Emergency Departments (EDs) from 1990 to 2003. We reviewed all martial arts injuries captured by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC), National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). An estimated 128,400 children </=17 years were treated in US EDs for martial arts-related injuries from 1990 to 2003. Injured tended to be male (73.0%) and had a mean age of 12.1 years. Most injuries were attributed to karate (79.5%). The most common mechanism of injury was being kicked (25.6%), followed by falling (20.6%) and kicking (18.0%). The majority of injuries occurred to the lower leg/foot/ankle (30.1%) and hand/wrist (24.5%). The most common injury diagnoses were sprains/strains (29.3%), contusions/abrasions (27.8%), and fractures (24.6%). Participants in judo sustained significantly higher proportions of shoulder/upper arm injuries than karate (IPR=4.31, 95% CI: 2.84-6.55) or taekwondo (IPR=9.75, 95% CI: 3.53-26.91) participants. There were also higher proportions of neck injuries sustained by judo participants compared to karate (IPR=4.73, 95% CI: 1.91-11.70) or taekwondo (IPR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.02-17.06) participants. Pediatric martial arts injuries differ by discipline. Understanding these injury patterns can assist with the development of discipline-specific preventive interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Whiplash backlash.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of the injuries sustained by female basketball and netball players.

A prospective and reliable method of injury surveillance was implemented to document a comprehensive injury profile in female basketball and netball. The study further aimed to compare the injury profiles of the two sports. Trained observers viewed basketball and netball games, noting the occurrence of injuries. Injuries were confirmed by questioning all players on site after the game. Injured players completed a questionnaire and the progress of their injury was monitored by telephone interview. A total of 16,162 player participations were observed; 6,972 for basketball and 9,190 for netball. Comparable injury rates were observed for female basketball and netball players; 18.22 and 17.30 injuries per 1,000 participations, respectively. The ankle, hand and knee were the body parts injured most frequently in both sports, whilst head and neck injuries were prevalent in basketball only. Netball players sustained severe injuries at a rate 3.3 times that of female basketball players. The major and severe injuries occurred at an average of one injury in 625 games in female basketball and one in 250 games in netball. The ankle, knee and calf/shin were the body parts most frequently involved in the more serious injuries.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Unstable cervical spine injuries in rugby--a 20-year review.

A study of a well-defined group of rugby players was undertaken in Wales to determine whether there has been an increase in the number of serious neck injuries during the past 20 years. None such occurred until a single incident in 1964 and not again until 1974. Since then the injuries have continued at a steady rate of about two per year. The mechanism of the injuries was analysed but no single factor could be identified as being responsible for this sudden increase although tactics in the scrummage played an important part. The importance of flexion injuries is emphasized but it is likely that not all the responsible factors have yet been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Catastrophic spine injuries in American football, 1977-2001.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical spinal cord injuries have been the most common catastrophic football injury and the second leading direct cause of death attributable to football skills. This study looks at the 25-year (1977-2001) experience with catastrophic neck injuries and examines not only the incidence but also the cause of injury and variables that have either increased or decreased these injuries. METHODS: Data were collected on a national level from all organized football programs, including public school, college, professional, and youth programs, through personal contact and questionnaires on each catastrophic football injury. Funded by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the National Federation of State High School Associations, and the American Football Coaches Association, data were collected by the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Frederick O. Mueller, Director, and Robert C. Cantu, Medical Director). RESULTS: Teaching the fundamental techniques of the game, equipment standards, and improved medical care both on and off the playing field have led to a 270% reduction in permanent spinal cord injury from a peak of 20 per year during the period 1971 to 1975 to 7.2 per year during the past 10 years. CONCLUSION: The type of injury, activity at the time of injury, level of play, and whether the injury was incurred in a game or practice are presented. On the basis of the data, recommendations are given for reducing catastrophic cervical spine injury in football.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Relief of chronic cervical pain after selective blockade of zygapophyseal joint].

Osteoarthrosis of the zygapophyseal joint (Z-joint) is a potential cause of chronic cervical pain. The diagnosis of thirty patients, with pain of more than 12 months duration and with no history of trauma, was confirmed with intra-articular fluoroscopy-guided infiltration of anesthetic. The patients were subsequently treated with intra-articular corticosteroids (Depo-Medrol 40 mg). Visual Analogue Scale was used for evaluation purposes. The mean time for relapse of 50 percent of the pre-injection level of pain was 12.47 +/- 1.89 weeks, significantly longer than 3 days as reported in patients similarly treated following whiplash neck injury. At this point selective blockade of Z-joints may be offered as an adjunct for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for patients with chronic neck pain due to facet osteoarthrosis in the ambulatory setup.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Causes and control of spinal cord injury in automotive crashes.

This paper provides a history of automotive safety and a review of biomedical research on human tolerance and occupant protection. It discusses current understanding of body kinematics and impact biomechanics that result in neck injury. Perspective is given on the linkage between mechanical forces that are the cause and physiologic disruptions that are the consequence of spinal cord injury. The public health aspects of injury and disability are discussed as well as the need for injury prevention.

Accidents, Traffic↗