Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Musculoskeletal Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The development of response strategies in preparation for sudden loading to the torso.

Sudden and unexpected loading to the torso has been reported in the literature as a potential cause of low-back disorders. When such loadings occur, it is hypothesized that the body's response is designed to minimize the destabilizing postural disturbance, and to minimize the mechanical loading of the musculoskeletal system. This study tested hypotheses regarding the role of task experience in the development of preparatory strategies that potentially minimize the postural disturbance to the body and minimize the mechanical loading of the spine. These strategies were hypothesized to consist of muscle pretensioning, postural changes, and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Four subjects participated in five to six experimental sessions in which a sudden load was applied by dropping a weight once a minute for 30 minutes. Electromyographic (EMG) data from 10 trunk muscles, IAP data, and postural data were collected during the initial session and final sessions for each subject. The results indicate where each subject developed a unique preparatory strategy. The preparation always involved the pretensioning of the erector spinae muscles, although the coactivation of the other trunk muscles was quite variable across subjects. During the sudden loading the overall postural disturbance was not consistently reduced; however, the trunk flexion was significantly reduced in most subjects. Furthermore, the estimated spinal compression due to muscle loading was significantly reduced in all subjects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and physical determinants of low back pain in a rural Chinese population.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a community-based cross-sectional study that is part of an ongoing study of genetics and osteoporosis. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the 1-year self-reported prevalence of low back pain (LBP); and to assess the association between physical exposures (occupation, physical stress, and vibration) and LBP in a rural Chinese population. This study also explored how these associations change when individuals with LBP report additional pains in other parts of the body. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Little is known about the prevalence and determinants of LBP in rural developing populations, even though approximately half of the world's population, mostly from the developing world, is engaged in agriculture, a known strenuous activity. METHODS: Families with at least three participating siblings residing in the surrounding rural region of Anqing city, Anhui Province, China, were invited to participate in the study through public announcements and direct invitations by village physicians. A questionnaire including demographics, physical exposures, and musculoskeletal pain was administered to 13,965 men and women (age, 25-64 years). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate LBP prevalence and examine associations between LBP and physical exposures. RESULTS: The 1-year prevalence of LBP was 64%. Twenty-five percent reported no pain at any body site. Women had higher prevalence of LBP than men across all age groups. Being a farmer, reporting moderate or heavy physical stress, and having had former or current exposures to vibration were positively associated with LBP (P < 0.05). Physical exposures were also associated with cases of LBP combined with other musculoskeletal pains, and generally, the more pains individuals reported, the more likely it was that they were farmers and were exposed to vibration. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of LBP and LBP with additional musculoskeletal pain existed in this rural Chinese sample. We found evidence of a link between physical exposures and LBP, and LBP with additional musculoskeletal pain. Further understanding of the characteristics and risk factors of LBP in rural developing areas is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Vibration exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger: fact or fiction?

Vibration transmitted to the whole body or part of it has been extensively studied in relation to the risks to the health and safety of workers. These studies have highlighted the particular danger of lower-back morbidity and spinal trauma arising after prolonged exposure to vibration. However, short-term exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) or the use of vibrating dumbbells can have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. As a consequence of this encouraging work, many manufacturers have developed exercise devices characterized by vibrating plates transmitting vibration to the whole body and vibrating dumbbells. Preliminary results seem to recommend WBV exercise as a therapeutic alternative for preventing/reversing sarcopenia and possibly osteoporosis. However, there is a paucity of well designed studies in the elderly. In particular, there is a lack of understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the adaptive responses to vibration exposure, and of the most appropriate vibration parameters to be used in order to maximize gains and improve safety. The effectiveness of this novel exercise modality on musculoskeletal structures is examined in this review. The physiological mechanisms involved in the adaptive responses to vibration exercise are discussed and suggestions for future studies are made.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Influence of weight loss on pain, perceived disability and observed functional limitations in obese women.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of weight reduction by dieting on musculoskeletal pain, perceived disability and observed functional limitations in everyday life. SUBJECTS: : Female outpatients in weight-loss programmes at the Karolinska Hospital, who met the criteria for participating in this study: age 20-65 y and body mass index (BMI) > or =30 kg/m(2). In all, 57 entered the programme studied and 43 completed it. INTERVENTIONS: Diet programmes for 8-12 weeks and thereafter 6688 kJ/day for >52 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires on musculoskeletal symptoms and obesity-specific questions on basic activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, housework, occupational disability and activities outside home. Test protocol developed for observation of functional limitations in obese women. Assessments at baseline, after 12 and after 64 weeks of dieting. RESULTS: In all, 75% completed the study. Weight loss was 14% (14.7+/-6.1 kg) at 12 weeks and, due to a weight relapse, 10% (10.1+/-8.1 kg) at 64 weeks. At the end of the study period, the proportion of current pain from lower backs and feet had normalised. Important perceived improvements were ability to rise from having fallen over, to walk up stairs and to lift heavy things. Most functional limitations improved, such as climbing onto high stools, walking up stairs with grocery bags, doing pedicure, rising from floor or low furniture. The questionnaire results partly followed the weight development, but the observed improvements were long-lasting. CONCLUSIONS: Weight reduction had positive short-term effects on musculoskeletal pain, perceived disability and observed functional limitations. A partial weight relapse had some impact on perceived pain and disability, but not on observed limitations. The maintained improvements may be due to weight loss, but also less pain and increased physical activity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of inter-fragmentary movement as a function of musculoskeletal loading conditions in sheep.

It is well accepted that inter-fragmentary movement influences the fracture healing process. Small axial movement can stimulate callus formation whereas larger shear movement delays the healing process. It is, therefore, essential for optimal fracture healing to minimize shear and to control axial movement. Unfortunately, the complex gap movements are mostly unknown under the large variety of clinical as well as experimental conditions of fracture fixation. To further understand the complex interactions of musculoskeletal loading and inter-fragmentary movements in bones and to reduce the need for animal experiments, a three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal model of the left hind limb of a sheep was developed. From 3D ground reaction forces and inverse dynamics, resultant joint loading was determined over a gait cycle. Muscle and joint contact forces were derived from an optimization routine and internal loads in the tibia and metatarsus from beam theory. Finally, inter-fragmentary movements were calculated from the bony loading condition and experimentally determined stiffness matrices of monolateral AISF external fixator constructs. Both the joint contact forces at the hip and gap movement of a mid-shaft tibial fracture agree with in vivo data reported in the literature. The bones proved to be mainly axially loaded with slightly increasing shear forces toward their ends. The results suggest that inter-fragmentary movement of metatarsal fractures is fairly independent of the fracture location whereas the movement increases in proximal tibial fractures compared to those in the distal and diaphyseal tibia. Considerable shear movement was found for all locations and external fixator mountings. However, shear movement could be minimized with a cranio-lateral rather than a cranio-medial shift from the cranial fixator plane.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Lessons learned from the hip and knee musculoskeletal outcomes data evaluation and management system.

In 1994 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons established an outcomes initiative. The Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System had two goals: (1) to create validated patient-based functional health questionnaires that would become the gold standard for musculoskeletal research, and (2) to collect data from practicing orthopaedists using these instruments. We assessed the adequacy of the hip and knee portion of the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System data collection process to learn how to improve these processes. Database elements included demographic and clinical information and health and well-being scales. Only 715 records or 578 patients of the initial 2419 records (30%) had complete baseline and followup information for either hip or knee replacement procedure. Only 17% of the patients who had a knee replacement and 20% of the patients who had a hip replacement returned for followup between 7 and 9 months. The Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System achieved its goal regarding the development of validated questionnaires, but the data collection component did not. The project's implementation and management were flawed. This experience offers the field of orthopaedics valuable lessons that can be applied to future large-scale data collection efforts.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional imaging of the musculoskeletal system: an overview.

The clinical applications of three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction continue to expand rapidly. Recently, the field of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (3-D MR) reconstruction has also been developing. Three dimensional imaging offers a new approach to the analysis of complex anatomic relationships. The spatial configuration of an object can be directly displayed without observers requiring mental integration of a series of two-dimensional images. The easily interpretable images of 3-D CT have proven to be useful for surgical planning. Three-dimensional CT displays have used widely in the preoperative planning of craniofacial surgery, dysplastic hips in children, and complex fractures of skeletal systems. However, 3-D MR displays are technically more difficult than those of CT scans, and 3-D MR displays of the musculaskeletal system are still in a developing stage. Recently, we explored the feasibility of 3-D MR displays. This article provides an overview of those areas of the musculoskeletal system where the use of 3-D MR has proven valuable. The current techniques and ongoing applications are also presented. We believe that this exciting development will expand our ability to visualize pathologic anatomy in the near future.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Conceptual framework for the implementation of interventions in the construction industry.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore the necessary steps to define the implementation of interventions aimed at reducing physical work demands due to manual materials handling in the construction industry. METHODS: A theoretical structured framework of six steps is outlined as a method for developing the implementation of interventions. In this framework, both the proposal for implementing the intervention measures and the context analysis are conditional. RESULTS: Application of the framework in the development of the implementation of interventions to reduce the physical work demands for bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants has been presented. CONCLUSIONS: The framework was found appropriate for defining implementation strategies and (ergonomic) measures in the construction industry.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed1997

Exercise and the Health of the Elderly.

Most lifetime morbidity is concentrated in the later years as a consequence of increasing amounts of chronic illness and senescent changes. An ideal society would reduce this large illness burden by focusing upon increasing the incident age of first infirmity and compressing lifetime morbidity between that point and the average age at death; the "Compression of Morbidity." We compared progression of musculoskeletal disability, pain, and medical care costs by a longitudinal study of 537 members of a runners club and 423 community controls over a period of more than 8 years with an average initial age of 59 years, with extensive controls for selection bias. Exercising subjects developed disability at a rate only one-fourth that of the sedentary controls. Musculoskeletal pain was reduced by 20%. Medical care costs of exercisers were 25% less than controls. Mortality was significantly reduced in the exercising groups. These findings have substantial implications for health policies directed at increasing amounts of regular lifetime physical activity to improve the quality of life of our rapidly increasing senior population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Retinoic acid responsiveness of cells and tissues in developing fetal limbs evaluated in a RAREhsplacZ transgenic mouse model.

Limb morphogenesis is a complex phenomenon in which retinoids play an important role. Abnormal maternal retinoid levels from high oral doses cause fetal malformations, including abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system. Our purpose was to identify the retinoid-responsive cells in bone and cartilage during limb development by using a transgenic line of mice containing a reporter gene insert consisting of a retinoic acid response element linked to an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. Transgenic fetuses from day 11.5 after conception to birth (day 20) were analyzed histologically. Retinoid-responsive cells and tissues were first seen in the limb bud at 12.5 days in the webs between the forming digits. The webs stained maximally at 14.5 days, after which staining intensity subsided. Staining in the muscles was detectable at 13.5 days, at a stage coinciding with myoblast fusion. Specific regions of perichondrium and periosteum also stained at this stage. Occasional staining was observed in individual chondroblasts in all chondrogenic regions, including hypertrophic chondroblasts and certain articular surfaces of developing joints. Staining of these tissues decreased in intensity in subsequent stages. Osteoclasts started to express beta-galactosidase at 15.5 days and continued to stain into maturity. Our results indicate that specific subsets of cells respond to retinoids at specific stages in the course of normal limb development. In hypertrophic chondrocytes and cells in the webs and joints that display such a response, retinoid-induced effects may be linked to cell death that occurs in these regions. Staining in muscle, perichondrium, and periosteum may reflect retinoid-induced effects associated with cell differentiation and growth. These results suggest that retinoids play a role in a variety of tissues, including bone and cartilage, at specific stages during morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Upper limb load as a function of repetitive task parameters: part 2--an experimental study.

The aim of the study was to compare the theoretical indicator of upper limb load with the physiological indicator of musculoskeletal load, which is present while performing a repetitive task (a normalized electromyography [EMG] amplitude recorded from the muscles of the upper limb involved in the performed task). In an experimental study of a repetitive task, the EMG signal from 5 main muscles of the shoulder girdle, arm and forearm was registered: extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, deltoideus anterior, biceps brachii caput breve and trapezius descendent. The results of the study showed a strong correlation between the theoretical indicator (Integrated Cycle Load) and the physiological indicator (root mean square of a normalized EMG amplitude from the 5 muscles). This proves that the developed theoretical indicator can be accepted as an indicator of upper limb musculoskeletal load during a work task.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of evidence for prevention of work-related musculoskeletal injuries.

Work-related injuries among nurses are a complex and costly problem. To thoughtfully approach this issue, one medical center developed a set of injury-reduction strategies and related tools based on a review of research literature and locally obtained evidence. This article describes the evidence-based approach to prevention of work-related musculoskeletal injuries. It also covers research-based observations about prevention strategies; provides a description of selected interventions, such as a patient handling guide; and includes sample tools that enable collection of meaningful data about local patient handling practices.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed2004

Health status as measured by SF-36 reflects changes and predicts outcome in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a 3-year follow up study in the general population.

The SF-36 is a well-validated health status instrument measuring eight different health concepts. One aim of this study was to compare health status as measured by SF-36 in subjects from the general population with no chronic pain (NCP), chronic regional pain (CRP), and chronic widespread pain (CWP). A second aim was to assess if SF-36 could reflect changes in pain status over time. A third aim was to study if health status at baseline, measured by SF-36, could predict pain status 3 years later. The study was designed as a 3-year follow up with a postal questionnaire, including the SF-36 health survey, to 2357 subjects from the general population aged 20-74 years. The results were controlled for age, sex, co-morbidity, and socio-economic status. At baseline, all eight health concepts of SF-36 discriminated between subgroups with NCP, CRP and CWP. Changes in SF-36 over the 3-year follow up time coincided with improvement or deterioration of pain status. Baseline SF-36 scores predicted pain outcome 3 years later. These results support that both physical and mental aspects of health status as measured by SF-36 are affected by the burden of musculoskeletal pain, are sensitive to changes in pain status, and also predict the further development of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

National efforts to identify research issues related to prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back and upper extremity disorders, represent one of the greatest work-related health concerns facing industrialized nations. Recently, two national groups were charged with developing research agendas aimed at increasing our knowledge of the prevention of these disorders. The first agenda, developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) MSD team, was based on input from several hundred practitioners and safety and health experts representing industry, labor, and academia. The second agenda, developed by the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) National Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace, was based on input from leading researchers in the fields of medicine, information science, and ergonomics. This paper summarizes the findings of the two groups and compares the two research agendas.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

The creation of ergonomic data sheets for hazard communication of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Information on human health hazards caused by chemical exposure has traditionally been supplied through Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). This report describes development of an analogous Ergonomic Data Sheet (EDS) to address hazards of work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (WRMSD) from use of hand tools. The EDS includes sections on risk factors for WRMSD, design aspects of the tool that decrease risks, precautionary measures, and objective testing of the tool compared to other comparable tools. The EDS can be used within an Ergonomic Communication Program similar to a Hazard Communication Program.

Communication↗