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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Revealing the secrets of the body: medical tests as legal evidence in personal status disputes in modern Egypt.

The study seeks to answer the following question: In the field of personal status, what kinds of medical tests have been considered reliable and acceptable by Egyptian courts of law, what kinds have been less accepted, and why? The main finding is that, on the one hand, the judges (qadis) have welcomed tests that seek to determine age or to discover physical diseases and/or mental disorders. On the other hand, they have been reluctant to introduce tests to determine virginity and pregnancy tests, and even more so to introduce paternity tests that might bring into light manifestations of moral laxity within Egyptian society and jeopardize the future of illegitimate children. In conclusion, the main resistance to the reliance on modern medical evidence has not been the lack of modern knowledge and technologies or opposition to this, but rather traditional moral and social perceptions.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Ancient and modern studies on medicinal ants].

Textual study of historical and modern scientific studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of medicinal ants were carried out. The records in the ancient literatures conform to modern scientific research. Rational utilization and development were suggested.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed2003

Molecular phylogenetics employing modern and ancient DNA.

Comparative studies of DNA in recent populations and characterisation of ancient hereditary material have contributed very interesting facts to our understanding of evolution of modern mankind. Analysis of DNA homology in related species, assessment of mutations and polymorphisms in various populations and new DNA sequence data from prehistoric finds allowed - via sophisticated DNA extraction techniques, PCR, sequencing and digitalised processing of genetic information - insights into possible roots of Homo sapiens and related species, migration patterns and ancient cultural habits, thus enrhing the palaeoanthropological discipline. However, a presentation of this development would not be complete without pointing towards the methodological limitations and manifold presentations burdened with artifacts, data misinterpretation and unjustified conclusions. Presently, this modern field of research is in its consolidation phase and new parameters for quality control and authentication are being implemented to avoid spectacular but unfounded reports. It is expected that most of the problems connected to old biomolecules may be closely related to fossilisation parameters. The future challenge will be the full understanding of the complex and multi-faceted processes underlying diagenesis, including the elucidation of nucleic acid postmortem damage".

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2000

[Modern spectral estimation of ICP-AES].

The inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and its signal characteristics were discussed using modern spectral estimation technique. The power spectra density (PSD) was calculated using the auto-regression (AR) model of modern spectra estimation. The Levinson-Durbin recursion method was used to estimate the model parameters which were used for the PSD computation. The results obtained with actual ICP-AES spectra and measurements showed that the spectral estimation technique was helpful for the better understanding about spectral composition and signal characteristics.

Regression Analysis↗
PubMed1992

[Symposium: the role of laboratory medicine in modern medical care--chairman's remarks].

Recent developments in laboratory techniques have brought dramatic changes in medical diagnosis, that is, a change from physical diagnosis to laboratory diagnosis. It is imperative that laboratory medicine develop further to meet the continuously growing needs of medical care. Major progress in medical care is classified into two categories, (A) treatment of severe disorders by modern technology and (B) health maintenance to prevent disease and achieve a higher quality of life. In this symposium, category (A) is subdivided in to (A-1) development of new drugs and (A-2) organ transplantation. In (A-1) the field of new drugs, "Recent Trends in Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Therapy and its Relation to Clinical Laboratory Tests" is reviewed as an example of applying recombinant peptides to treatment. In (A-2) transplantation, two papers (A-2a) "Effect of HLA Matching in Renal Transplantation" and (A-2b) "Liver Transplantation and Function of the Graft Liver" are reported. In category (B), health maintenance, (B-1) exercise and (B-2) nutrition are important subjects. (B-1a) "The Role of Clinical Laboratory Examinations During Physical Exercise Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus" and (B-1b) "Exercise Loading Test for Evaluating Cardio-Pulmonary Functions" are given attention. In (B-2) nutrition, artificial feeding, such as intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) is a current issue. The role of laboratory medicine in modern medical care will be discussed under each of these subjects.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2003

[First introduction of massage treatment in modern Japan].

Ln early modern times, massage treatment developed in Europe. During the 1880s and 1890s, it is said that massage treatment was first introduced into Japan. But at the present time it may be said that it is not clearly understood how it was introduced from Europe into Japan and how it was developed there. I will explain the circumstances of how it developed in Japan. In 1884, when Kojo Hashimoto, the chief army doctor, was on a tour of medical missions in Europe, he obtained the illustrated book of massage: "Die Technik der Massage" (first ed. 1884), which was written by Dr. Albert Reibmayr of Austria, and he brought it back to Japan. Following this, Jiko Nagase, an army doctor, actually tried its treatment, using the first illustrated book of massage. He confirmed that massage treatment was a great medical treatment and translated this book into Japanese and published it for its popularisation. I was shown an image of the first massage of Dr. Reibmayr in looking at his first illustrated book in modern Japan. Thus, Kojo Hashimoto brought massage into Japan, and it was spread gradually among government officials and the people.

Europe↗
PubMed2001

Modern human origins and prehistoric demography of Europe in light of the present-day genetic diversity.

Dynamic advance in DNA sequencing methods and progress in formal population genetics analyses made it possible to infer aspects of human evolution from the DNA diversity distribution and frequency in contemporary populations. While providing some general background concerning the origins of modern human, this paper focuses on the dynamics of prehistoric population in Europe. The relevance of the present-day genetic diversity studies in elucidating prehistoric events is presented in the context of archeological and paleoanthropological evidence. The questions of the Neanderthal admixture as well as of the relative contribution of different waves of prehistoric migrations to the gene pool of modern Europeans are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Use of Ancient texts in modern therapeutic research].

Two main purposes were assigned to this study of medicinal prescription of spices at the time of the Roman Empire: analyze Roman pharmacopoeia of spices in reference to modern criteria and assess a new discipline, close to "ethno-botany" and "ethno-pharmacology", aiming to a new approach of drug research: "archeopharmacology". A brief overview is given of the Roman world of spices : all aromatic substances from Orient, India and Far-East held a major place which can only be compared to the role of petroleum in our modern times. The study is conducted on a thesaurus of 2600 quotations from twelve authors: Apicius, Caelius Aurelianus, Cassius Felix, Celsus, Dioscorides, Galen, Marcellus,(Anonymous) Mulonmedicina, Pelagorius, Pliny the Elder, Serenus Sammonicus and Scribonius Largus and a set of 33 medicinal spices among which: cyperus, ferulas (Asa foetida), frankincense, pepper, myrrh and saffron. Medicinal use of spices (mainly for pneumology, dermatology and gastroenterology) do not differ notably from the rest of Roman pharmacopoeia: the main criteria for prescription of spices is not their place of origin but a "therapeutic profile" which is clearly assigned to each substance by tradition. During the last decades, new methods of therapeutic research: ethno-botany and ethno-pharmacology have been used extensively to explore traditional medicines. A new discipline is ready to emerge: "archeo-pharmacology", aiming towards a drug research based on Ancient texts.

Archaeology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problems of the modern electrocardiography (to the 100th anniversary of electrocardiography, 1903-2003)].

Elucidated in the paper are the key issues of modern electrocardiography (ECG). The negative results of large-scale use of automated ECG interpretation programs are under discussion. The possibility of removing the analogue filters from the electrophysiological apparatus and replacing them with the digital signal processing equipment is contemplated. The modern ECG examinations can not exist without simple automation the program security of information processing. The results of introducing the or apparatus-program complexes (APC) into practice as auxiliary analysis instruments in ECG are analyzed. The effects of APC introduction into daily ECG practice are shown to be advantageous. Finally, there is an analysis of issues related with global computerization in clinical examinations.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1992

[Modern hearing aid treatment].

Sufficiently good hearing is the most important prerequisite for speech communications between human beings and is crucial for the quality of human life. For this reason, provision of hearing aid is a priority task of the ENT-physician in all cases of hearing impairement which are unimproveable. The following principles must be observed: when it is necessary to provide a hearing aid, this should be done as early as possible, even in monauricular hearing loss. In binauricular hearing loss, hearing aids should be provided for both ears whenever possible and always with the objective of "optimal" care. The organization of hearing aid provision, which has proved very effective in Germany, is explained. Basic types of modern hearing aids are described and a review is given on the technical possibilities of modern hearing aids in solving problems relating to disturbances of hearing.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed2003

[Modern principles of the pathogenetic therapy of the burn shock].

The article is devoted to the review of main directions of anti-shock therapy improvement for patients with severe burns. It is shown that the treatment efficiency can be considerably increased both by optimization of infusion volume and by the use of modern infusion drugs with anti-hypoxic and anti-oxidant effects. The use of anti-hypoxic and anti-oxidant drugs permits to change the burn shock course and to decrease its duration. Decrease in severity of tissue hypoxia, prevention of cellular membrane injury interrupt one of the circuits of burn disease pathogenesis and create the favorable conditions for realization of acute adaptation mechanisms in terms of traumatic disease conception. The modern schemes of anti-shock therapy approved at the department of thermal injuries were used in the treatment of casualties with combined burns after the armed conflict in the territory of Chechnia (1999-2001).

Analgesics↗
PubMed2003

[New quantificational indexes in modern study of soil organic matter].

In modern study of soil organic matter, many new quantificational indexes and relevant testing methods, e.g., DOC, WSOC, HWC, ROC, MBC, MBN, PMC, PMN, Glu, Gla, Man, Mur, delta 13C, and CPMI, came forth with deepening study. Because they are disorderly and unsystematic, it is necessary to clarify these indexes. This paper summarized their origin, concept, and testing method, which is of significance in the modern study of soil organic matter.

Organic Chemicals↗
PubMed2003

[Establishment of the national macro-management system on Chinese medicinal resource--base of the modernization for Chinese medicine].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a national management system on the utilization and protection, reserves and wastes of Chinese medicinal resources, and provide a scientific basis for the national administering authorities for the macro-management. METHOD: Many modern high technologies of community ecology, statistics, 3S technologies (remote sensing RS, geographic information system GIS, global positioning system GPS) and computer information system were based upon, and a national monitoring and protection system for the Chinese medicinal resources was set up. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The national Chinese medicinal macro-management system will integrate modern high technologies with administrative supervision, so as to protect Chinese medicinal resources and economy towards a sustainable utilization and development, and finally make our country and people more prosperous and powerful.

China↗
PubMed2003

[Modern surgical interventions in the treatment of morbid obesity].

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of obesity keeps increasing in the developed countries. This tendency can be observed also in Hungary. According to scientific literature the extremely obese patients die 12 times more often than ones with normal body weights in the same age. Even with the most thoroughly planned, performed and medicine supported diets it is impossible to achieve a weight loss of more than 10-15 kg. Thus it is the surgical solution from which more and more people around the world expect promising and permanent results. Only in Europe 30 thousand gastric band operations were performed in the last 6 years. AIM: The surgical treatment of extreme obesity has gone through tremendous improvement in the past 10 years. In the articles the authors describe the most often performed surgical procedures. They list and evaluate the used methods in the treatment of extreme obesity from the modern stomach reduction operations to the various bypass procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors also give a report on their 54 operations performed in the last 4 years and also on the achieved results. During this period they have mounted 52 gastric bands with laparoscopic procedures and performed 2 vertical gastric band operations. No deadly or life threatening complications have occurred in any cases. Four of their patients with the best weight loss results have lost an average of 116 kg in 18 months. The patients' diabetes, hypertension, sleeping apnea and other diseases have partially or completely disappeared after the loss of 25% of the body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that the application of adjustable gastric bands is a more humane and more physiological solution than the practically irreversible resection and bypass operations. The authors state that depending on the patients' cooperation the modern surgical solutions give a real chance of significant weight loss. They help to cure the additional diseases and assist the re-socialization of the patient as well. Based on their own and literature data the authors claim that the surgical treatment--with acceptable risk--helps the rehabilitation of the patients and significantly improves their quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Airport and superficial femoral artery obstruction due to a wandering coronary stent: the possibility of airport detection of modern implant metals.

In the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral loss of a coronary stent is an unusual complication. We present the case of a patient who suggested that his right leg claudication was caused by a slipped coronary stent 2 years previously. The patient was convinced about this unusual finding based on an airport security check. Examination proved him to be right. However, the ability to detect an object using eddy currents is dependent on the object's permeability and its conductivity. Ferrous (iron) content is not the critical factor. Modern implant materials and processing techniques result in implants that are difficult to magnetize i.e. their permeability is very low. In addition their conductivity is very low. This enables modern implants to escape detection at airports. For this reason the event at the airport, as described by our patient, is considered coincidental.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modification of the biochemical determination of glycogen in cadaveric tissues by the method of Kemp-Kitzes van Heijningen at a modern laboratory].

A variant is suggested to modernize the method of glycogen quantification according to Kemp-Kitzes van Heijningen with respect to the modern laboratory-and-methodological requirements. "Norms" of the glycogen content in the cadaveric myocardium, skeleton muscle and liver, calculated in the SI units (millimole/l), are described.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

[New Modern Magpi: meatal advancement and glanuloplasty clinical course].

INTRODUCTION: Meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) described by Duckett, has been the most accepted technique for distal hypospadias repair along the last 20 years. Only 50% of the distal variants are amenable to the Magpi; last years several modifications has been reported in order to reach better cosmetic results and to make it available for the most of the distal hypospadias. We report the first 20 cases with some modifications of Magpi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The basic steps of the technique are: we remove a triangular segment of glanular tissue distal to the meatus. Dissection of the dorsal and lateral urethral sides is made, accomplishing the urethral advancement without any tension. Strips of glandular epithelium are excised on each side, and glans tissue is sutured above the ventral urethral wall. RESULTS: There were 11 coronal, and 9 glanular hypospadias (3 with megameatus). 8 cases showed a slight incurvation that disappeared after releasing any cutaneous chordee. The posoperative follow-up was 35 weeks (R=7-48 weeks). Cosmetic and functional results were excellent, showing a natural circumcized penis. There wasn't any complications as meatal retraction, stenosis or incurvation. There was only a transitional hematoma and a minimal fistula that closed expontanely. CONCLUSIONS: New Modern Magpi adds minimal variations to the original technique, avoiding the cosmetic limitations derived from borderline indications. New Modern Magpi is amenable to near all of glanular hypospadias and most of coronal hypospadias.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

[Modern audiologic diagnosis].

Primary interest in modern diagnostic audiology is assessment of hearing in hearing impaired individuals. The results of the tests are interpreted with reference to site-of-lesion. The first part of this paper comprises a short description of the various testing techniques, including subjective and so-called objective methods. The impact of functional disorders within the auditory system on test results is discussed. In the second part an overview of applications of modern diagnostic audiology is given. These applications comprise: site-of-lesion determination, evaluation of therapeutic effects, prophylactic examination, forensic problems and instrumental rehabilitation (hearing-aids, cochlear implants).

Audiometry, Speech↗