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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men--San Francisco, California, 2000-2001.

Shigella sonnei causes approximately 10,000 cases of gastroenteritis each year in the United States. These infections occur predominately among young children and usually are associated with poor hygienic conditions in child-care settings. Outbreaks of shigellosis among men who have sex with men (MSM) have occurred because of direct or indirect oral-anal contact but usually are caused by Shigella flexneri. This report describes an investigation of S. sonnei cases that occurred among MSM in San Francisco during May-December 2000. Following efforts to heighten awareness, the number of cases has declined, but new cases continue to occur at low levels in this risk group (Figure 1). The increased incidence of sexually transmitted Shigella and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in MSM require renewed and innovative prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis in a national sample of men who have sex with men in New Zealand.

AIMS: To investigate the lifetime self-reported incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis A, B and C in a national sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in New Zealand. METHODS: A national telephone survey of MSM was conducted in 1996 with the aim of collecting baseline information on the sexual behaviour, safe sex practices, socio-sexual milieu and HIV knowledge of a broad range of MSM. RESULTS: Of the 1852 respondents, 37.1% reported a lifetime history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 7.0% reported hepatitis A, 8.0% hepatitis B and 1.8% hepatitis C. A quarter (26.2%) had been for a sexual health check-up or treatment in the year prior to survey. Logistic regression analysis revealed independent associations with STD history (older age, higher number of lifetime partners, seeking partners in public venues, tested HIV positive), HAV (older age, higher number of lifetime partners, use of sex venues, tested HIV positive), HBV (older age, seeking partners in public venues, tested HIV positive), HCV (lower income, recent injecting drug use, tested HIV positive). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that information on STDs and hepatitis among a large national sample of MSM has been collected in New Zealand. The findings corroborate previous evidence that MSM are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections other than HIV.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men--New York City, 2001.

After declining steadily for 10 years, the number of reported cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis more than doubled in New York City (NYC) from 117 in 2000 to 282 in 2001. The increases have occurred primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). Of particular concern is the high proportion of syphilis cases among MSM who also have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This report summarizes 2001 P&S syphilis data for NYC and compares it with surveillance data for 1999 and 2000; findings indicate a substantial increase in the number of syphilis cases among MSM. These data suggest increases in high-risk sexual behavior among some MSM and underscore the importance of coordinating efforts between the MSM community public health officials, and health-care providers to strengthen HIV-prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Sperm characteristics in fertile men and healthy men of the south-east Sicily from year 1982 to 1999].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sperm density (D) and morphology (M) deteriorated in the last 18 years (from 1982 to 1999) in a South-East area of Sicily (Catania, Siracusa and Ragusa provinces). The area of residence of this subjects studied is a strong consumer in fumigants and pesticides in the hot-house factories and thus the present study can be useful to examine a possible negative impact of these compounds on sperm parameters through a long-term monitoring of an apparently healthy population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm D and M were retrospectively analysed in 716 men (median age 29, range 22-43 years) referring to the Andrology Center of the University of Catania. The subjects were subdivided in 2 groups: the first included subjects who fathered occasionally (n = 467), the second was formed by healthy volunteers consulting as possible donors (n = 109) and to check their fertility (n = 140). RESULTS: During the study period of 18 years, both sperm D and M (in terms of percentage of normal forms) showed significant (p < 0.01) time-dependent indirect correlations (r = -0.12 for D and r = -0.29 for NF). D exhibited two significant peak values in the years 1982, 1983 and 1994 respectively, followed by two periods (years 1984-1986, and 1995-1996) with not significantly declined values and then with values significantly lower than the above peak values in the years 1987, 1989, 1992 as well as in the period 1997-1999. The M registered a progressive decline, statistically significant in the years 1988 and 1994 in comparison to the preceding years. A further significant decrease in sperm M was registered, in comparison to the periods 1982-1987 and 1988-1994, in the period 1995-1999. CONCLUSION: Our data showed a temporal decline of sperm parameters in South-East area of the Sicilia, from 1982 to 1999, in fertile men and occasional healthy subjects or donors. These data confirmed the sperm deterioration registered in Europe. The results might be influenced by time-varying body of users of referring Andrology Center (i.e. oligozoospermic subjects preferring ART program have approached again our Center in the last years from the activation of our Unit of ART), and/or by varying temporal changes in the levels of environmental/occupational gonadotoxic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hepatitis A vaccination among young African American men who have sex with men in the deep south: psychosocial predictors.

Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A (HAV) of men who have sex with men (MSM), most remain unvaccinated. This study was designed to identify attitudes and beliefs associated with vaccination against HAV using a conventional outreach sample of African American MSM in Birmingham, Alabama. Of 107 participants, nearly 34% reported being vaccinated against HAV. Over half of the participants reported 10 or more different lifetime male sexual partners, and a third reported having had intercourse with females, as well as, males within the past 5 years. About 10% of the participants reported condom use over half of the time during oral intercourse, and 50% of the participants reported using a condom over half the time during anal intercourse. In multivariable analysis, predictors of HAV vaccination were a decreased perception of the practical barriers to HAV vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.18, P = 0.002); increased health provider communication (OR, 9.89; 95% CI: 2.74-35.65, P = 0.02); and increased perceived personal self-efficacy to complete the two-dose series (OR, 7.31; 95% CI: 2.38-22.45, P = 0.02). Our findings underscore the need to increase vaccination through innovative approaches to reduce perceived barriers to vaccination while increasing provider-patient communication and self-efficacy to complete the vaccine series.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Internet use and early syphilis infection among men who have sex with men--San Francisco, California, 1999-2003.

During the summer of 1999, an outbreak of early syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) who met their sex partners on the Internet presaged a rapidly expanding syphilis epidemic in San Francisco. By 2002, San Francisco had the highest rates of primary and secondary syphilis of any metropolitan area in the United States. During 1998-2002, the number of early syphilis cases increased, from 41 cases in 1998 to 495 cases in 2002. Concomitant with the increase in early syphilis was an increase in the proportion of cases among MSM, from 22% in 1998 to 88% in 2002. To assess the association between early syphilis infection and use of the Internet by MSM to meet sex partners, the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) analyzed surveillance data and case reports. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which suggest that public health officials might find the Internet to be an important tool for 1) promoting disease awareness, prevention, and control and 2) accessing sex partners of syphilis patients to conduct appropriate partner notification, evaluation, and management. The findings underscore the need for public health officials to understand the role of the Internet in facilitating the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). With the assistance of community partners, other jurisdictions can examine the online social/sexual networks that are used commonly in their gay and bisexual communities and develop an effective means of communicating prevention and control messages online.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Race and sexual identity: perceptions about medical culture and healthcare among Black men who have sex with men.

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Using a qualitative approach, the authors describe the healthcare experiences of BMSM in New York State and Atlanta, GA, exploring the social issues that influence barriers to care, communication, and adherence in medical settings. Racial and sexual discrimination socially displace BMSM, and are often compounded by negative encounters within medical institutions. The internalization of these experiences influences healthcare utilization, HIV testing, communication, and adherence behaviors among members of this population. Increasing the number of ethnic and sexual minority providers, expanding current definitions of cultural competency curricula at academic institutions, targeting future research efforts on BMSM, and improving the structural and communication barriers within healthcare settings should be incorporated into our HIV prevention and routine healthcare interventions for BMSM.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Increases in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men who have sex with men--United States, 2003, and revised recommendations for gonorrhea treatment, 2004.

In the United States, an estimated 700,000-800,000 persons are infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae each year. Since 1993, CDC has recommended use of fluoroquinolones (i.e., ciprofloxacin, floxacin, or levofloxacin) for gonorrhea treatment. Fluoroquinolone therapy is used frequently because it is an inexpensive, oral, and single-dose therapy. However, because of increased prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in Asia, the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii), and California, fluoroquinolones are no longer recommended for treating gonorrhea acquired in those locations. This report describes increases in QRNG among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Massachusetts, New York City, and 30 sites surveyed by the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) during 2003. CDC recommends that clinicians no longer use fluoroquinolones as a first-line treatment for gonorrhea in MSM.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Behavioral features of men who have sex with men].

OBJECTIVE: This behavioral surveillance survey in Sichuan province was aimed to gain an insight into the behavioral features related to HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: The pilot survey was initiated in the year from September to December, 2003. Two cities, Chengdu and Nanchong, were selected as the surveillance sites. All behavioral data were collected by a special questionnaire. Convenience sampling and snowball sampling techniques were applied to recruit participants in 5 types of places where MSM appeared more often. RESULTS: Most of the participants sexed only with male partners, and the most common ways of intercourse for MSM were anal sex, mouth sex and masturbation. The cases of multiple sex partners existed generally in MSM. The median partner numbers for anal sex and mouth sex were 4.4 and 4.2 respectively. There were 491 MSM (84.7%) who had sexed with male partners 6 months before, in which 68.6% of them sexed with non-commercial regular male partners, 66.2% with non-commercial non-regular male partners, and 20.4% with commercial male partners. Condom use with different male partners varied significantly. The proportions of consistent condom use with non-commercial regular, non-commercial non-regular, and commercial male partners were 15.8%, 16.3% and 32.3% respectively. 1.9% of participants reported they had had the experience of injecting drug and 18.3% of participants reported they had been tested for HIV antibody 12 months before. CONCLUSION: High risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners, unprotected anal sex, commercial sex, and injecting drug use among the MSM population in the two cities were unveiled broadly.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive men who have sex with men--16 sites, United States, 2000-2002.

The majority of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are men who have sex with men (MSM). High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive MSM exposes sex partners to HIV. The risk for transmitting HIV from an infected partner to an uninfected partner through unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) is greater than the risk for transmission through receptive anal intercourse or oral sex. Differences in sexual risk behavior might be associated with the perceived HIV serostatus of the partner (i.e., HIV positive, HIV negative, or unknown serostatus), as well as with the sex partner type (i.e., steady or nonsteady). During May 2000-December 2002, HIV-positive MSM were interviewed in a behavioral surveillance survey at surveillance sites in 16 states. This report describes insertive anal intercourse practices reported by these MSM; findings indicated that a large percentage of HIV-positive MSM were sexually abstinent, practiced safer sexual behavior by having protected insertive anal intercourse, or had UIAI with an HIV-positive partner. However, a small percentage of HIV-positive MSM reported UIAI with partners who were HIV negative or whose serostatus was unknown; for this group, more intensive and comprehensive HIV-prevention efforts are needed to eliminate this risk behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men--Netherlands, 2003-2004.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a systemic, sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a variety of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis that rarely occurs in the United States and other industrialized countries; the prevalence of LGV is greatest in Africa, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Caribbean countries. However, in the Netherlands, which typically has fewer than five cases a year, as of September 2004, a total of 92 cases of LGV had been confirmed during the preceding 17 months among men who have sex with men (MSM). The first 13 cases, diagnosed during April-November 2003, were reported by local health authorities in Rotterdam in December 2003. An alert was sent to the Early Warning and Reporting System of the European Union and to the European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections Network (ESSTI). In April 2004, a report was made to CDC, and state and local health departments were alerted. Of the 92 cases confirmed in the Netherlands, 30 occurred during 2003 and 62 during 2004. This report describes the ongoing investigation of the LGV outbreak. Health-care providers should be vigilant for LGV, especially among MSM exposed to persons from Europe, and prepared to diagnose the disease and provide appropriate treatment to patients and their exposed sex partners.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2005

A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men.

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of international HIV prevention interventions designed to reduce sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We performed a comprehensive search of published and unpublished English-language reports of HIV prevention interventions that focus on MSM and evaluated changes in risky sexual behavior or biologic outcomes related to sexual risk. Data from 33 studies described in 65 reports were available as of July 2003. Studies with insufficient data to calculate effect sizes were excluded from the meta-analysis. Interventions were associated with a significant decrease in unprotected anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.92) and number of sexual partners (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94) and with a significant increase in condom use during anal intercourse (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.22). Interventions successful in reducing risky sexual behavior were based on theoretic models, included interpersonal skills training, incorporated several delivery methods, and were delivered over multiple sessions spanning a minimum of 3 weeks. Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV prevention for MSM. To the extent that proven HIV prevention interventions for MSM can be successfully replicated in community settings and adapted and tailored to different situations, the effectiveness of current HIV prevention efforts can be increased.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2005

Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001-2004.

In mid-2004, three Parisian hospital wards informed the Institut de veille sanitaire of recent acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected (HIV+) men who had sex with men (MSM). These cases for whom none of the usual bloodborne routes for hepatitis C (HCV) transmission was found, reported having had unprotected sex. In October 2004, we conducted a retrospective investigation in Parisian hospital wards to explore HCV modes of transmission in recent acute hepatitis C in HIV+ MSM. Patient demographics, clinical and biological status of HIV infection, reasons for HCV testing, sexual behaviour and risk factors for HCV transmission within the 6 months before hepatitis onset were collected from medical records. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire on sexual behaviour within the six months before hepatitis onset was also offered to all cases. We identified 29 cases of acute hepatitis C in HIV+ MSM with onset from April 2001 to October 2004. HIV infection was asymptomatic for 76%. Median age at hepatitis C onset was 40 (28-54) years. In all records, were noted unprotected anal sex, fisting in 21% and a concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 41%. Median time between HIV diagnosis and HCV infection was 6.5 years (0-22). From the 11 self-administered questionnaires completed, 10 reported an STI, 8 'hard' sexual practices, 6 bleeding during sex and 5 fisting. HCV transmission probably occurred through bleeding during unprotected traumatic anal sex among HIV+ MSM and may be facilitated by STI mucosal lesions. This report stresses the continuous need to strongly advocate safer sex to MSM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Anorectal malignancies and dysplasia in HIV-positive men who have sex with men].

Since the HIV epidemic, the incidence ofanorectal (pre)malignancies in men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing. The incidence is likely to increase further in the coming years, given that HIV-positive MSM are living longer thanks to powerful antiretroviral treatment. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of anal (pre)malignancies. Less is known about the natural history of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Screening in HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM for anorectal malignancies or dysplasia is cost-effective if the incidence is sufficiently high. Treatment options range from watchful waiting for asymptomatic grade-1 AIN to excision or radio(chemo)therapy for anorectal carcinoma. HPV vaccines are in development. Especially in HIV-positive MSM with anorectal complaints or genital warts in their medical history, one should consider these malignancies.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for HTLV-II infection in Peruvian men who have sex with men.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-II (HTLV-II) infection is endemic in indigenous groups in the Americas and injection drug users (IDUs) worldwide. In Peru, HTLV-II infection was previously identified in two indigenous Amazonians. We examined risk factors for HTLV-II infection in 2,703 Peruvian men who have sex with men (MSM): 35 (1.3%) were HTLV-II positive. HTLV-II infection was associated with syphilis, HSV-2 infection, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and older age. This is the first report of HTLV-II in a non-indigenous non-IDU population in Peru. Additional studies are needed to determine if HTLV-II is a sexually transmitted infection in this and other sexually active populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors--United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: men who have sex with men, November 2003-April 2005.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: For CDC's goal of reducing the number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections to be achieved, data are needed to assess the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors at a given time, monitor trends in these behaviors, and assess the correlates of risk. These data also can be used to evaluate the extent to which current HIV-prevention programs are reaching targeted communities and direct future HIV-prevention activities to reduce HIV transmission. REPORTING PERIOD: November 2003-April 2005. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System collects risk behavior data from three populations at high risk for HIV infection: men who have sex with men (MSM), injection-drug users, and heterosexual adults in areas in which HIV is prevalent. Data collection began in 2003 among MSM in 17 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and surveys have been conducted in 25 MSAs since 2005. Participants must be aged >/= 18 years and reside in a participating MSA. RESULTS: This report summarizes data gathered during the first cycle (i.e., data collection period) of NHBS (November 2003-April 2005) from approximately 10,000 MSM. The results indicated that >90% of participants had ever been tested for HIV. Of those, 77% had been tested during the preceding 12 months. In addition to their male sex partners, 14% of participants also had at least one female sex partner during the preceding 12 months. Unprotected anal intercourse was reported by 58% with a main male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex and to whom he felt most committed [e.g., a boyfriend, spouse, significant other, or life partner]) and by 36[corrected]% with a casual male partner (someone with whom the participant had sex but who was not considered a main partner). Noninjection drugs were used by 42% of participants during the preceding 12 months; the most commonly used drugs were marijuana (77%), cocaine (37%), ecstasy (29%), poppers (28%), and stimulants (27%). A substantial proportion (80%) of participants had received free condoms during the preceding 12 months, but fewer had participated in individual- or group-level HIV prevention programs (15% and 8%, respectively). INTERPRETATION: MSM surveyed engaged in sexual and drug-use behaviors that placed them at increased risk for HIV infection. The majority of MSM surveyed had been tested for HIV infection. Although a substantial proportion of participants had received free condoms, a much smaller proportion had participated in more intensive HIV-prevention programs. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION: NHBS data are used to assess and develop effective HIV-prevention programs and services. Continued collection and reporting of NHBS data from all targeted high-risk populations is needed to monitor behavior trends and assess future HIV prevention needs in these populations. The data are used for local HIV-prevention planning and monitoring in MSAs in which NHBS is conducted.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2006

HIV prevalence among populations of men who have sex with men--Thailand, 2003 and 2005.

In 2003 and 2005, the Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration and its partners conducted surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and risk factors among populations of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand. In 2003, the assessment was conducted in Bangkok among a sample of MSM. In 2005, in addition to Bangkok, the assessment was conducted in Chiang Mai and Phuket provinces, and participants were categorized as MSM, male sex workers (MSW), or transgendered persons (TG). This report compares HIV prevalence among MSM in Bangkok during 2003 and 2005, reports HIV prevalence among the three populations in 2005, and summarizes the results of univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for HIV infection in 2005. The results indicated a significant increase in HIV infection among MSM in Bangkok from 2003 to 2005. The findings also indicated that in 2005, HIV infection was widespread among MSM, MSW, and TG in the three study locations. Moreover, the following risk factors were independently associated with HIV infection: being recruited from Bangkok or Chiang Mai (MSM), older age (MSM and TG), being recruited from a park or street location (MSW and TG), drug use (MSM), self-reporting a history of sexually transmitted infections (MSW), and self-reporting a previous HIV-positive test result or refusing to disclose a previous HIV test result (MSM and MSW). Sex with women during the preceding 3 months was inversely associated with HIV prevalence among MSW. More effective behavioral and biomedical interventions for MSM, MSW, and TG are needed to stop the spread of HIV in these populations.

Adolescent↗