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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Environmental producer responsibility.

The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (P&PWD) requires manufacturers to take responsibility for recovering packaging waste. This article examines some of the challenges this presents. Product designers must now integrate environmental regulations into product and packaging design. This will entail handling the conflict between the differing requirements of the P&PWD and the Medical Device Directive, and marking products to indicate whether packaging is reusable or recyclable.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1997

Assessment tool assists in complying with many JCAHO standards.

How a Pennsylvania medical center found a unique and time-saving approach to satisfying compliance with JCAHO's Management of the Environment of Care standards. Several members of the Safety Committee and the Education Resources Department developed a 25-question quiz, the "Safety Challenge Assessment Tool," to see what employees really knew.

Health Facility Environment↗
PubMed1997

Standards of performance for new stationary sources and emission guidelines for existing sources: hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators--EPA. Final rule.

This action promulgates new source performance standards (NSPS or standards) and emission guidelines (EG or guidelines) to reduce air emissions from hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerator(s) (HMIWI) by adding subpart Ec, standards of performance for new HMIWI, and subpart Ce, emission guidelines for existing HMIWI, to 40 CFR part 60. The standards and guidelines implement sections 111 and 129 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1990. The standards and guidelines apply to units whose primary purpose is the combustion of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste. Sources are required to achieve emission levels reflecting the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of air pollutants that the Administrator has determined is achievable, taking into consideration the cost of achieving such emission reduction, any nonair-quality health and environmental impacts, and energy requirements. The promulgated standards and guidelines establish emission limits for particulate matter (PM), opacity, sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins/ furans), and fugitive ash emissions. Some of the pollutants being regulated are considered to be carcinogens and at sufficient concentrations can cause toxic effects following exposure. The standards and guidelines also establish requirements for HMIWI operator training/qualification, waste management plans, and testing/monitoring of pollutants and operating parameters. Additionally, the guidelines for existing HMIWI contain equipment inspection requirements and the standards for new HMIWI include sitting requirements.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1997

Economic considerations for device design and development.

The importance of the design and development process is often underestimated in the rush to get products to market. Studies have shown that sensible investment in this process will lead to manageable risk levels, consumer confidence and high levels of return. This article recommends procedures that manufacturers should follow to improve the quality and efficiency of their development endeavours, and thus maximize their product performance and market presence.

Biomedical Engineering↗