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PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): portable toolkit for providing straightforward access to medical image data.

Computer-aided analysis of medical images usually involves the development of custom software applications that interpret, process, and ultimately display medical image data. The interpretation stage involves decoding the image data and presenting them to the application developer for further processing. A toolkit has been created specifically for interpreting medical image data; it thus acts as a platform for development of medical imaging applications. The toolkit, which is referred to as NeatMed, is intended to reduce development time by eliminating the need for the application developer to deal directly with medical image data. NeatMed was implemented by using Java, a programming language with a range of attractive features including ease of use, extensive support material, and portability. NeatMed was developed specifically for use in a research environment. Straightforward to use and well documented, it is intended as an alternative to commercially available medical imaging toolkits. NeatMed currently provides support for the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine and Analyze medical image file formats. Support material including sample source code is available via the Internet; links to related resources are also provided. Most important, NeatMed is freely available and its continuing development is motivated by requests and suggestions from end users.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1994

[Informatics support and teledialysis].

Computer-assisted medical activity is increasing in several fields, with wide perspectives in nephrology and dialysis accounting for the peculiar characteristics of this population such as number, complexity, follow-up length and economic costs. Since 1980 we have been studying a computerized organization of our Region's departments in order to achieve 3 main results: 1) a registry of all patients undergoing dialysis in the area, with a one- a-year complete clinical update; 2) a computerized medical chart, which could gather all the clinical, technical and managerial aspects of the treatment; 3) a teledialysis program, to follow every session in local and remote stations. The first aim has been reached with useful information for the dialytic policy in the area. The second objective is ongoing with straight evidence of easy, speedy procedures, and accurate data collection. The third goal is on a preliminary phase looking at the safety, reliability and precision of the treatments. Informatic procedures seem to be quite advisable in improving as clinical surveillance of the patients, as technical and managerial aspects of dialysis units.

Hemodialysis Units, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Science and practice: a case for medical informatics as a local science of design.

Because scientific research is guided by concerns for uncovering "fundamental truths," its time frame differs from that of design, development, and practice, which are driven by immediate needs for practical solutions. In medicine, however, as in other disciplines, basic scientists, developers, and practitioners are being called on increasingly to forge new alliances and work toward common goals. The authors propose that medical informatics be construed as a local science of design. A local science seeks to explain aspects of a domain rather than derive a set of unifying principles. Design is concerned with the creation, implementation, and adaptation of artifacts in a range of settings. The authors explore the implications of this point of view and endeavor to characterize the nature of informatics research, the relationship between theory and practice, and issues of scientific validity and generalizability. They argue for a more pluralistic approach to medical informatics in building a cumulative body of knowledge.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1997

Strategic plan for promoting ICNP in Romania.

Preparing Romanian nursing community for the newcoming health information systems is not an easy task and has to start with the structuring of nursing information. That means that the free text of nursing documentation has to be mould, in a first stage, into a nursing language. Then, using a classification system, it will be possible for it to be captured in an electronic health record. This paper is presenting the strategy proposed by the Working Group for Nursing Informatics of the Romanian Medical Informatics Society for developing the Romanian version of the International Classification for Nursing Practice(ICNP) and the dissemination actions associated.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2001

Issues in the design of medical ontologies used for knowledge sharing.

Recent work in Medical Informatics is exploring the development and the use of formal ontologies as a way of specifying content-specific agreements for the sharing and reuse of knowledge among several computer systems. We describe the role of ontologies in supporting knowledge sharing activities in medicine Principles for the design of ontologies have been proposed, mainly in other domains: these principles include parsimony, clarity, representation of categories versus terms, and coherence. We analyze how and why these principles can or cannot be applied from case studies from medical systems. Regarding the fact that most of medical concepts are empirical, selected design decisions are discussed. An alternative representation choice consists in mapping principled general core ontologies and domain ontologies.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1996

Toward a model for nursing informatics.

PURPOSE: To propose a new model for the development of nursing informatics based on historical precedent. SIGNIFICANCE: Nursing informatics is expanding rapidly. The proposed model aids in understanding the areas of research, relating them to each other, and it shows areas where work is missing or should be extended. ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK: Nursing informatics as the interaction of cognitive science, computer science, and information science resting on a base of nursing science. IMPLICATIONS: As this model is tested, it can act as an organizing framework to understand and relate studies of nursing informatics and give organization for future research, education, and development.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2007

Algorithms and heuristics for efficient medical information display in PDA.

Accessing medical information in mobile devices such as PDAs and mobile phones is becoming widespread. Since these devices do not have the same rendering capabilities as of desktop computers, it is necessary for medical information to be fragmented for proper presentation on these types of devices. In this paper, we propose an architecture for displaying medical information in PDA. In the proposed system, a server extracts the information, categorizes the information in order of its relevance for diagnosis, and dynamically generates a hierarchical view of the relevant information based on certain medical domain knowledge. Displaying image and graphics data in PDA poses several challenges. The proposed system supports an image visualization tool, which interactively displays an image or a portion of an image in user's PDA. This visualization tools increases the resource utilization of PDA by offloading a part of the computation to the server. A suitable caching scheme is incorporated for optimum utilization of communication channel bandwidth.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wireless communication in health care: who will win the right to send data boldly where no data has gone before?

Increasingly, health care professionals will need to retrieve, store, share, and send data using several types of wireless devices. These devices include personal digital assistants, laptops, Web tablets, cell phones, and clothing that monitor heart rate and blood pressure. Regardless of the device, several standards will vie for the right to provide the wireless communications link between the health care professional and the wired data resources located within a health care organization. This article identifies the top three technologies in the wireless communications field: Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Mobile Communications, and Bluetooth; breaks down each according to its strengths and weaknesses; and makes recommendations for their use by health care professionals located inside and outside a health care facility. Where appropriate the discussion includes an explication of how a specific technology can be made secure from hackers and other security breeches.

Cell Phone↗
PubMed2002

Body Area Network BAN--a key infrastructure element for patient-centered medical applications.

The Body Area Network (BAN) concept enables wireless communication between several miniaturized, intelligent Body Sensor (or actor) Units (BSU) and a single Body Central Unit (BCU) worn at the human body. A separate wireless transmission link from the BCU to a network access point--using different technology--provides for online access to BAN data via usual network infrastructure. BAN is expected to become a basic infrastructure element for service-based electronic health assistance: By integrating patient-attached sensors and control of mobile dedicated actor units, the range of medical workflow can be extended by wireless patient monitoring and therapy support. Beyond clinical use, professional disease management environments, and private personal health assistance scenarios (without financial reimbursement by health agencies/insurance companies), BAN enables a wide range of health care applications and related services.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1992

Computer-assisted planning for orthopedic surgery.

Faced with challenging deformities and crippling arthritis, orthopedic surgeons frequently are called upon to perform increasingly complex reconstructive surgery. The desired goals of treatment include correction of deformities, relief of pain, and preservation or restoration of function.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1995

The AMUSE-environment: a didactical environment where active multimedia use stimulates expertise.

The rapidly evolving information technology domain continuously offers new opportunities for computer aided education (C.A.E.). In a pilot project at the Department of Medical Informatics, we studied the possibilities and the limitations of multimedia systems for computer aided education in medicine. Different specialists paid attention to the medical, didactic, conceptual and technical points of view. From this teamwork originated the AMUSE-environment: an environment where Active Multimedia Use Stimulates Expertise. The AMUSE-environment describes a didactic framework that focuses on knowledge acquisition and application in complex content domains (the transfer and stimulation of expertise). In the context of advanced learning and random access instruction, the active involvement of the user is mandatory. Multimedia systems enhance communication by integrating different media (e.g., text, pictures, audio, video, ...) in one natural, user-friendly environment. The first application that uses the AMUSE-environment is developed in cooperation with the Haematology Department of the University Hospital Gasthuisberg. The haematologists filled the didactical framework with more than 500 full color illustrations and corresponding text and audio. The application gives a complete overview of the morphology of the blood and bone marrow cells.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2002

A methodology for incorporating web technologies into a computer-based patient record, with contributions from cognitive science.

Cognitive science is a rich source of insight for creative use of new Web technologies by medical informatics workers. I outline a project to Web-enable an existing computer-based patient record (CPR) in the context of ideas from philosophy, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and cognitive psychology. Web prototypes play an important role (a) because Web technology lends itself to rapid prototype development, and (b) because prototypes help team members bridge among disparate medical, computing, and business ontologies. Six Web-enabled CPR prototypes were created and ranked. User scenarios were generated using a user communication matrix. Resulting prototypes were compared according to the degree to which they satisfied medical, computing, and business constraints. In a different organization, or at different time, candidate prototypes and their ranking might have been different. However, prototype generation and comparison are fundamentally influenced by factors usefully understood in a cognitive science framework.

Cognitive Science↗
PubMed1995

Education on medical informatics integrated in the campus information network system at Shimane Medical University.

An integrated campus information network system at Shimane Medical University has been developed to organize medical information generated from each section and provide information services useful for education, research, and clinical practice. This report outlines: the education-research system in connection with a campus information network system, the MUMPS programming self-directed learning software, and the curriculum of education on medical informatics.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2002

Information architecture for a federated health record server.

This paper describes the information models that have been used to implement a federated health record server and to deploy it in a live clinical setting. The authors, working at the Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education (University College London), have built up over a decade of experience within Europe on the requirements and information models that are needed to underpin comprehensive multi-professional electronic health records. This work has involved collaboration with a wide range of health care and informatics organisations and partners in the healthcare computing industry across Europe though the EU Health Telematics projects GEHR, Synapses, EHCR-SupA, SynEx and Medicate. The resulting architecture models have fed into recent European standardisation work in this area, such as CEN TC/251 ENV 13606. UCL has implemented a federated health record server based on these models which is now running in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Whittington Hospital in North London. The information models described in this paper reflect a refinement based on this implementation experience.

Computer Communication Networks↗