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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Acquired structural kyphoscoliosis in a captive adult female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

A female, wild-caught, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), in captivity for 23 years and estimated to be older than 26 years, had an 8-year history of progressive spinal curvature. Scoliosis was initially noted 1 year after a therapeutic bilateral ovariectomy to treat endometriosis. Eight years after the initial diagnosis, the curvature had progressed to a structural (nonflexible), lumbar scoliosis with a curvature to the left and a structural thoracolumbar kyphosis. The spinal curvature was characterized radiographically by a severe, major lumbar curve to the left with vertebral rotation and severe thoracolumbar kyphosis. The Cobb method of measurement identified a major left lumbar curve of 80 degrees. When the animal's condition deteriorated, the animal was euthanized, and a necropsy with postmortem radiographic and microscopic examination was performed. Radiographically and grossly, multiple intervertebral disc spaces were narrowed along the entire spine with ventral bridging intervertebral spondylosis of the lumbar spine. Radiographically, vertebral bodies appeared to be less radiodense and multiple features of degenerative disc disease were present. No clinical evidence of concurrent neuromuscular or mesenchymal disease was noted, and development of lesions after bilateral ovariectomy suggested the kyphoscoliosis was secondary to osteopenia that developed as the result of a surgically induced estrogen deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous osteoarthritis in rhesus macaques. II. Characterization of disease and morphometric studies.

From examination of the articular tissue of 35 animals from the Caribbean Primate Research Centre, we identified the epidemiological and histomorphometric features of the spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) that affects the free-ranging rhesus macaques. The frequency of this disease increases with aging, and in females, with increased parity. Histological and morphological studies demonstrate that as in humans, the disease is characterized by persistence of the chondrocyte density typified by the cartilage of young animals. Owing to its epidemiologic and histologic resemblance to the disease in man, we conclude that degenerative arthritis affecting rhesus macaques provides a useful model for the study of factors contributing to the pathogenesis of OA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus IV. Virus localization after intracerebral inoculation.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus was isolated from the brains and spinal cords, blood, livers, lymph nodes and kidneys from Macaca rhesus monkeys showing acute and subacute fatal encephalitis. In subacute encephalitis, virus titres in the CNS were lower than in acute disease (3.0--6.2 against 3.8--8.3 log LD50/ml). TBE virus localization in chronic encephalitis was largely the same as in acute and subacute disease. In monkeys with a chronic course and stable paralysis of the upper extremity, infectious TBE virus was isolated on day 383 from subcortical ganglia and spinal cord. In lymph nodes and spleen, it could be detected only by a combination of methods (co-cultivation in association with fluorescent antibody technique and complement-fixation test, explantation of organ fragments) more sensitive than is the inoculation of mice with organ homogenates. TBE virus was detected by the same methods on day 90 in the CNS and internal organs of a monkey with chronic encephalitis in the stage of remission.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Lack of susceptibility of the cottontop tamarin to hepatitis C infection.

The only species apart from man that is known to be susceptible to HCV infection is the chimpanzee but the availability of this primate for research is strictly limited. In an attempt to find an alternative and more practical model for HCV studies three cottontop tamarins were inoculated intravenously with HCV-containing serum from patients with chronic HCV infection. The tamarins were monitored regularly for biochemical indications of hepatic inflammation and serum samples were assayed at weekly intervals for the presence of HCV-RNA and HCV antibodies. HCV-RNA was detectable at 10 minutes postinoculation in all three animals but not at any later time point over a 6 month period. No evidence of an active humoral immune response to the inoculated HCV was obtained although passively transferred anti-HCV was detectable in one animal until 1 week postinoculation. Biochemical findings did not indicate hepatic inflammation and liver histology remained normal. It is concluded on the basis of these negative findings that the cottontop tamarin is not susceptible to HCV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Viral infections of nonhuman primates.

Approximately 53,000 serologic tests and viral isolation studies were performed on 1,700 nonhuman primate specimens for evidence of past and/or current viral infection. Information, other than the requested test, generally was not provided with the specimen. This lack of information does not permit any attempt at interpretation of results. Requested testing included a large number of diverse viral agents in approximately 40 primate species. The resulting data are in keeping with those of previous studies and offer an insight into the needs of colony management, as well as some general information on the overall frequency of infection with the indicated viruses. Inasmuch as the results represent testing of single specimens, they are not to be construed as "diagnostic," and simply indicate past infection as represented by the presence of antibody in the test animal. Viral isolation results are listed, and the number of positive results versus the number of animals tested emphasizes the limitations of the procedure. Investigations such as these continue to assist in the maintenance of healthy nonhuman primate colonies. This information also supports continued use of nonhuman primates for research in human viral infections and may be helpful in terms of animal selection for use in xenotransplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Humanized antibodies against the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor and against the beta-chain shared by the IL-2 and IL-15 receptors in a monkey uveitis model of autoimmune diseases.

We studied the efficacy and tolerance of humanized Ab interfering with the signal of the IL-2 and IL-15 receptors in a primate model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. The inhibitory effects of humanized anti-Tac (HAT), an anti-IL-2R alpha-chain Ab, and HuMik beta1, an Ab directed at the beta-chain shared by the receptors of IL-2 and IL-15, were tested in culture on the proliferative response of monkey Con A-blast lymphocytes stimulated with IL-2 or IL-15. Uveitis was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by immunization with human recombinant retinal S-antigen. Treatment was initiated at the first sign of disease and consisted of HAT and HuMik beta1, alone or in combination, or vehicle control given by i.v. injection twice a week for 4 wk. Disease was evaluated by ocular funduscopy. The results in culture showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition of the IL-2-driven proliferation of lymphocytes by HAT. HuMik beta1 alone was ineffective against IL-2 stimulation, but had a marked potentiating effect in combination with HAT, independent of IL-15 signaling. IL-15-driven proliferation was inhibited by HuMik beta1, but not by HAT alone or in combination. In monkeys, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis evolution was significantly inhibited by HAT treatment. HuMik beta1 alone had no effect on the disease. However, when used in combination, the two Ab markedly reduced the severity of ocular inflammation. The Ab were well tolerated. Only three monkeys, treated with HAT alone, made an Ab response against the injected Ab.

Animals↗