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PubMed1995

Relationship between MMPI-2 cluster profiles and surgical outcome in low-back pain patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate back surgery outcome differences based on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) profile types. Four homogenous subgroups were found from a hierarchical cluster analysis of 201 MMPI-2 profiles. These four clusters consisted of a Depressed-pathological profile, a conversion V profile (V-type), a neurotic Triad profile, and a within normal limit (WNL) profile. Patients in the WNL and Triad subgroups reported significantly more satisfaction with postsurgical improvement than did patients in the Depressed-pathological or V-type subgroups. The Triad subgroup also gave a more favorable subjective rating of surgical outcome than did patients in the Depressed-pathological or V-type subgroups. These groups also differed on measures of work status and nonwork-related physical activity levels but not on indices of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

MMPI critical item characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

This study attempted to distinguish the borderline personality disorder (BPD) from other personality disorders (OPD) on the basis of the Lachar and Wrobel critical item list. Seventy-five male psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses fitting DSM-III criteria for BPD and OPD and ranging in age from 24 to 47 years completed the MMPI. Lachar's critical item set, composed of 111 items taken from the MMPI, was then selected from each of the 75 subjects' response items. BPD and OPD patients significantly differed on only the Lachar Substance Abuse subscale. Implications of this study are discussed with regard to the concept that personality structure involves a continuum of psychopathology. The Lachar critical item list provided support for drug abuse as part of the diagnostic criteria for BPD and displayed promise for identifying areas of psychopathology on which treatment may be focused.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Empirically derived MMPI profiles. Coronary bypass surgery.

A cluster analysis of eight clinical scales of the MMPI-168 was performed on data from 129 subjects awaiting coronary bypass surgery. Four abnormal profiles were derived and these profiles were consistent with clinical expectancy. The five empirically derived profiles were labeled as a) normal--that is, no elevated scales; b) marginal distress--elevated Hs; c) conversion V--elevated Hs and Hy; d) neurotic--elevated Hs, D, Hy, and Pt; and e) generalized distress--elevated D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, and Sc. Subsequent postsurgical follow-ups were done at 3-, 12-, and 24-month intervals. These data suggest that the profiles retained their characteristic shape and were still statistically different from each other, but the overall elevation decreased significantly after successful surgical intervention. To externally validate these profiles, the five derived groups were compared in terms of Beck Depression scores and the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory. These results were consistent with the MMPI. These data are discussed in terms of developing models for assessing the interaction of personality and specific stressors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Short- and long-term psychological status following stroke. Short form MMPI results.

Indices of self-reported depression and psychological adjustment after stroke were evaluated using a short form of the MMPI. Patients with poststroke periods of 2 to 6 and 7 to 24 months were selected, and indices of general intellectual functioning and lesion size/location were obtained. Despite similar levels of intellectual functioning and lesion parameters, the longer duration group showed significantly higher depression scores and significant (T greater than 70) elevations on several other clinical scales of the MMPI. In contrast, the mean overall profile of the short-duration group was roughly within normal limits. These findings have implications for the clinical assessment and treatment of stroke patients and long-term psychological adjustment after stroke.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of borderline personality disorder. A review of MMPI and Rorschach findings.

This review examines the literature on assessing borderline personality disorder (BPD) using the MMPI and the Rorschach test. Despite the extensive use of these instruments in the assessment of BPD, the degree to which they are successful in identifying the disorder remains unclear. Methodological difficulties in this literature are discussed, including diagnostic and sample heterogeneity, base rate issues, systematic differences in selection criteria among studies, and, for the Rorschach, differing outcome measures. Both MMPI and Rorschach findings suggest a general trend for borderline groups to produce relatively unique findings. Their usefulness in yielding accurate individual diagnoses of BPD, however, has not yet been established. Furthermore, no supportive evidence was found for the commonly held hypothesis that BPD subjects show more impairment on unstructured measures than on objective measures.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A caution on the use of the MMPI K-correction in research on psychosomatic medicine.

The MMPI K scale is widely used to screen for invalid responses and to adjust substantive scale scores for defensiveness. In a normal volunteer sample, correlations of MMPI clinical scales and the Cook-Medley Hostility (HO) scale with self-reports and peer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) were decreased rather than increased by K-correction. Similarly, in a medical sample, structured interview-based ratings of Potential for Hostility were better predicted by uncorrected HO scores than by K-corrected HO scores. Finally, in a prospective study of mortality among lawyers, uncorrected HO scores were a significant predictor of all-cause mortality; K-corrected scores were not. The data suggest that, under some circumstances, the K scale may measure substantive traits rather than defensiveness, and should be used and interpreted with caution. Its use is probably contraindicated for most research on psychiatrically normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical symptomatology of posttraumatic stress disorder-diagnosed Australian and United States Vietnam combat veterans: an MMPI-2 comparison.

The authors compared MMPI-2 scores of 95 Australian and 96 US Vietnam combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from structured PTSD clinical interviews. Groups were strikingly similar on the MMPI-2 clinical and validity scales but were different on two content scales, with higher scores on FRS (fears) and BIZ (bizarre mentation) for the US sample. Employment status was included as a factor, because it too discriminated groups, but it did not interact with the veteran group variable to produce scale differences. The roles of employment status and disability payments are considered in accounting for differences in the psychiatric presentations of the groups. Results suggest that American and Australian Vietnam combat PTSD samples are very similar to each other, with implications for the treatment outcome literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

MMPI-2 subgroups in a sample of chronic pain patients.

MMPI-2 scores of 307 female and 161 male chronic pain patients were analyzed by gender using a multivariate clustering method. Two subgroups were found for both sexes replicating previous results. The major subgroup corresponded to the classical "Conversion V" and the minor corresponded to the "Generally elevated" profile. The results also indicated a satisfactory internal consistency and a high discriminant validity of the Swedish version of the MMPI-2.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Psychophysiological and MMPI personality assessment of headaches: an integrative approach.

Multiple psychophysiological measures and personality assessment techniques were combined to facilitate the diagnosis of headache type and improve upon existing methodology. Twenty-four migraine, 24 chronic tension headache patients, and 24 normal age- and gender-matched controls were assessed with bilateral measures of frontalis and occipitalis EMG and blood volume pulse. All subjects completed the MMPI. Results suggest that headache subjects could be differentiated on baseline heart rates and MMPI scales 1,2,3, and 7. Only one physiological measure served as an index of psychological distress, suggesting issues of an interaction between psychophysiological and personality variables, as well as the chronicity of the headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

MMPI profiles of Turkish headache sufferers.

The investigations of personality traits have been the issue of many studies on patients with headache. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most popular assessment instrument used in these studies. MMPI responses of 36 cases (14 male, 22 female) with tension headache and 44 cases (11 male, 33 female) with migraine headache had been compared with 36 nonheadache controls (12 male, 24 female). Because of the inadequate number of male subjects, the statistical analyses were made between female groups. The results obtained revealed that subjects in the tension-type headache group got significantly higher scores on neurotic subtests (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria) than subjects in the control group. Likewise, migraine subjects got significantly higher scores on hysteria subtest than control subjects. No significant differences were noted between migraine and tension groups. However, none of the headache groups could be characterized by marked elevations on any of the validity and clinical scales. These results, support the finding that neurotic symptoms occur with a higher frequency in headache sufferers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

MMPI and critical flicker frequency (CFF) analysis in headache patients with and without drug abuse.

Sixty-three headache patients (migraine: n = 28; tension-type headache: n = 35) who fulfilled the IHS criteria of 'drug abuse' were investigated by means of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) analysis. The results were compared to those of 63 headache patients without drug abuse (matched-pair case-control study). With respect to the MMPI results, no statistically significant differences between patients with drug abuse and patients without drug abuse were found. However, patients with drug abuse showed significantly decreased CFF values compared to patients without drug abuse. This was true both for patients with migraine and for patients with tension-type headache. Thus, CFF analysis may serve as a useful method to differentiate between headache patients with drug abuse and those without drug abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Psychopharmacologic investigations in healthy elderly volunteers: MMPI depression scale.

The Depression Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used as a screening test for healthy volunteers in a psychopharmacologic research study. Data were collected on 43 men and 46 women under age 35 versus 33 men and 43 women over age 65 (plus a subsequent group of 40 men over age 65), and comparisons were made with more extensive data from the Mayo Clinic. The evidence indicates that elderly subjects differ strikingly from young subjects in their responses to items in the MMPI self-ratings of depression. Revised information on normative responses is needed. At present there are too many problems of interpretation when the Depression Scale items are applied to t.he elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

MMPI profiles in post-lumbar puncture headache.

From the original material of 300 patients, of whom 37.3% had experienced a post-lumbar puncture headache (PPH), a total of 20 males and 50 females were evaluated with the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI). The test was administered on average 33 months after the lumbar puncture (range 13-51), at a time when anxiety and depression related to the original investigation for a possible organic neurologic disease were expected to affect the results minimally. In the present material PPH was experienced by 45.7% of the patients, 40% of the males, and 48% of the females. Patients without PPH were used as controls. The selected material was a representative sample of the original material both as to distribution of age, proportion of organic diagnoses, and frequency of PPH. The MMPI disclosed no statistically significant differences between PPH patients and controls regarding personality traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dexamethasone suppression test and MMPI scales.

In 42 major depressive inpatients, we analyzed the relationship between dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales. Cortisol levels following DST were positively correlated with the depression as well as the social introversion MMPI scale scores, and negatively correlated with the hypomania scale scores. DST nonsuppressor depressives (n = 15) exhibited significantly higher scores on the social introversion scale and significantly lower scores on the hypomania subscale than DST suppressors (n = 27). Moreover, stepwise discriminant analysis using the hypomania score was able to correctly classify 71% of the sample according to DST dichotomy, whereas the association of other scales did not significantly improve the classification. Therefore, these results support a relationship between DST and depressive/manic psychopathology rather than anxious psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The development of an MMPI alexithymia scale.

A 22-item MMPI alexithymia scale was derived from the Beth Israel Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ). The new MMPI scale yields an 82% hit rate when predicting to BIQ alexithymia scores and has been shown to have impressive stability over time. The new scale should provide a rapid, standardized means of assessing alexithymia in a variety of populations.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

MMPI diagnosis of black psychiatric patients.

Black-white differences in MMPI norms may lead to significant misclassification of black psychiatric patients, which can compound diagnostic errors from other sources. The authors suggest that clinicians who use MMPI results in evaluations of black patients interpret test reports carefully, keeping in mind the possibility of spuriously elevated scores and paying careful attention to areas of potential "false positives."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Failure to detect fabricated posttraumatic stress disorder with the use of the MMPI in a clinical population.

The authors attempted to replicate previous studies that used the Frequency (F) scale and the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subscale of the MMPI to discriminate Vietnam veterans with PTSD from well-adjusted veterans and mental health professionals who feigned symptoms of PTSD. Profiles of veterans with PTSD were compared to those of veterans with non-PTSD psychiatric disorders and veterans with fabricated PTSD symptoms who sought treatment. Discriminant analysis of F scale and PTSD subscale scores correctly identified only 43.59% of the subjects, thus failing to support use of the MMPI in detecting fabricated symptoms of PTSD in a clinical population.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Associating Embedded Figures Test Performance with extreme hysteria and psychasthenia MMPI scores in a psychiatric population.

21 female subjects from a psychiatric population scoring high on one of two MMPI scales, Hysteria or Psychasthenia, were given Jackson's (1956) shortened version of the Embedded Figures Test. Hysteria correlates positively and significantly .71 with time spent in detecting embedded geometric figures. Obsessive-compulsiveness and Embedded Figures Test performance time are negatively correlated -.63. The average times were 102.5 sec. for hysteria subjects and 62.6 sec. for psychasthenia subjects. Chi-squared establishes the significant association of MMPI measurements for hysteria and obsessive-compulsiveness with field-dependence and field-independence, respectively.

Adult↗