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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pocket-sized psychology studies: exploring daily diary software for palm pilots.

Daily dairies, also known as experience sampling methods (ESM) or everyday experience methods, are a common methodology utilized to provide insight into momentary psychological processes. Traditionally, such studies often have utilized paper-and-pencil surveys administered several times each day over a span of several days or weeks. However, advances in technology now allow these studies to be conducted using palmtop computers (i.e., personal digital assistants; PDAs). Three software packages for running these studies on the Palm operating system were explored and compared on a number of features Specifically, ESP (Experience Sampling Program, by Feldman Barrett & Barrett, 2001), iESP Version 3.2 (Intel Experience Sampling Program, by Intel Research Seattle & the University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Department), and PMAT Version 2.0 (Purdue Momentary Assessment Tool, by the Military Family Research Institute at Purdue University) were examined, with their key features compared. These advances in software for running diary studies include a number of features that provide researchers with methods and information previously unavailable in diary studies and may expand the range of possibilities in diary study designs.

Documentation↗
PubMed1981

Ergonomic aspects of sport and recreation.

Human factors engineering or ergonomics originated in military technology from the team-work of engineers and specialists in the human sciences. The central focus is on the human operator upon whom the task and environment impose specific loadings. Intransigence of task demands in sport tends to shift emphasis to training and selection. Heredity seems to play the more important role in the evolution of the champion athlete. An integrated interdisciplinary approach is advocated in assessing task demands and individual capacity to meet them. Improving equipment and facility design promotes safety and performance efficiency. Environmental stresses may be simulated in laboratory conditions to provide opportunity for prior adaptation. Stresses associated with urbanized civilization present novel risks to social health. Quality of life can be enhanced from an ergonomics input into the design of sports facilities and exercise programmes and their subsequent monitoring.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1997

A survey of outpatient visits in a United States Army forward unit during Operation Desert Shield.

Reports suggest that deployed soldiers during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm remained healthy, but primary care data are limited. We reviewed the outpatient visit surveillance data from the 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment to obtain information regarding soldiers' health in the field. Nontraumatic orthopedic problems accounted for the highest incidence of primary health care visits, followed by unintended injuries, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermatologic conditions. Visits for heat injuries, sexually transmitted diseases, unexplained fever, and psychiatric problems were low, probably due to preventive measures. These results suggest that increased prevention to decrease orthopedic problems and unintended injuries may substantially reduce outpatient visits during future deployments. Medical surveillance during future deployments can be improved by taking advantage of current advances in technology to facilitate patient data retrieval and provide timely information to first- and second-echelon medical personnel.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2004

Telemedicine information analysis center.

Congress mandated a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a Department of Defense (DoD) telemedicine information analysis center (TIAC). The project developed a medical information support system to show the core capabilities of a TIAC. The productivity and effectiveness of telemedicine researchers and clinical practitioners can be enhanced by the existence of an information analysis center (IACs) devoted to the collection, analysis, synthesis, and dissemination of worldwide scientific and technical information related to the field of telemedicine. The work conducted under the TIAC pilot project establishes the basic IAC functions and assesses the utility of the TIAC to the military medical departments. The pilot project capabilities are Web-based and include: (1) applying the science of classification (taxonomy) to telemedicine to identify key words; (2) creating a relational database of this taxonomy to a bibliographic database using these key words; (3) developing and disseminating information via a public TIAC Web site; (4) performing a specific baseline technical area task for the U.S. Army Medical Command; and (5) providing analyses by subject matter experts.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

Military nursing and diagnosis-related groups: using the past to benefit our future.

To contain the escalating cost of health care, a prospective payment system is being introduced into the military. The authors propose a proactive approach to this change in health care financing by evaluating the experiences of nurses to a similar change in the civilian sector. These approaches are presented as nine interrelated lessons: responding optimistically; shifting into a business mode; valuing clinical nursing experts; understanding the implications for documentation; moving to decentralized management; changing outpatient care delivery; considering the effects on job satisfaction; evaluating the relationship between costs and nursing resource consumption; and basing nursing practice in science.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1997

Long-term results of the treatment of severe osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with 193 total knee replacements.

We undertook a clinical and surgical study with evaluation of the long-term results (average 5 years, range 1-9 years) of 193 stabilized posterior cemented total knee replacements (TKRs) type Insall-Burstein in patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), carried out consecutively by the same surgeon from January 1986 to January 1995, at our COT Unit at the Central Military Hospital "Gomez Ulla" in Madrid, in collaboration with the Departments of Traumatology and Morphological Sciences of the University of Alcala de Henares (Madrid). The principal purpose was to examine the success rate of this type of prothesis implanted during primary surgery, according to severity of the case. Six methodology protocols were produced in this study (exploratory, surgical technique in primary surgery, revision surgery, rehabilitation, evaluation and clinical revisions), and satisfactory statistical results (SPSS/PC+) were obtained with the three scales of evaluation: Harris Galante, The Hospital for Special Surgery and Knee Society. These were: 90.5% +/- 0.8% excellent and good results for the OA series, and 83.9% +/- 5% for the RA series. The analysis of survival after long-term monitoring was also statistically significant, with a 96.95% survival rate. Complications arose in 3.10% of cases (6 revisions: 4 aseptic loosenings and 2 loosenings due to infection), which were treated with a constrained prosthesis, and in cases of infection with an arthrodesis. After undertaking a comparative study with other series, we conclude that the Insall-Burnstein stabilized posterior total knee prosthesis, is an excellent Primary replacement associated with long-term survival in patients with a severe degree of articular destruction and functional incapacity, and we give some specific recommendations to reduce complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Tolstoy's report of five cases of chest trauma: its relevance to contemporary military surgical experience.

Fragments of the history of trauma care, an important part of our surgical heritage, can offer a relevant message to contemporary science, even at the level of statistical evaluations. A surprisingly good match of results using two distinctively different approaches for calculating survival after a chest injury is reported in a historical model. Statistical data published by French and British surgeons serving in the Crimean War (1853-1856) were found to conform with the analysis of literary observations in Leo Tolstoy's Sebastopol Sketches. The nearly complete agreement on survival probabilities from two sources so different in their nature highlights the question of the relevance of nonstatistical methods in other fields of surgery as well.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Solly Zuckerman: the making of a primatological career in Britain, 1925-1945.

Solly Zuckerman's work has been largely dismissed or marginalized by both historians of primatology and primatologists. This paper, using archival and published materials, re-examines both his life and his research into primate sexuality and sociology in the 1920s, endocrinology in the 1930s, and the effects of bomb blast in the 1940s. Despite the many flaws in his work, which is now largely outdated, his career reveals a great deal about the audiences for primatological knowledge in pre-war and wartime Britain; the interlocking circles of the scientific community that impinged on primatology; and competing ideas of what constituted a scientifically correct methodology for the observation of primate behaviour. Also noted is the gap between Zuckerman's self-presentation as the scourge of anthropomorphism and the anthropomorphism of his remarks in private notebooks. Although his work well illustrates familiar themes of patriarchy, military and colonialism in the history of primatology, it also suggests another, underexplored dimension of that science: primatology as an example of cross-species social interaction.

Anatomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Puff the magic dragon: how our understanding of fallout, residual and induced radiation evolved over fifty years of nuclear weapons testing.

Radiobiological science has proceeded on empirical principles since health physics became a necessary professional adjunct to the military and civilian uses of nuclear energy in the aftermath of the detonations at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This paper reviews the data which gradually emerged indicating that early assumptions about the detonation of atomic and nuclear weapons underestimated the significance of fallout, residual and induced radiation as health hazards. Many of these assumptions are being examined in three test cases concerning veterans of United Kingdom atomic and nuclear weapons tests heard by the European Court of Human Rights in November 1997.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1996

New ideas for affordable space missions

In September 1995, NASA-Goddard held a workshop on low-cost access to space for science missions. The workshop provided briefings on balloons, sounding rockets, Shuttle payloads, and low-cost free-flyer concepts, to provide options of getting experiments into space. This report is the result of a panel session organized with the aim of generating new ideas beyond those presented in the workshop. In addition to the authors, Orlando Figueroa and Paul Ondrus of NASA-Goddard and Richard Zwirnbaum of Computer Sciences Corp. participated in the discussions. The ideas presented do not necessarily reflect the current thinking of NASA managers. Although the panel discussion was focused on the kinds of science missions usually funded by NASA, most of the ideas that were generated are relevant to military and commercial missions as well.

Computer Communication Networks↗