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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Emergency treatment of large numbers of children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition.

Dried skimmed milk is the accepted food for the initial treatment of severe protein-calorie malnutrition. Major drawbacks of dried skimmed milk include tendency to provoke or aggravate severe diarrhea (presumably due to lactose intolerance) and its low caloric content predisposing to hypoglycemia and slow rate of weight gain. Kwashiorkor food mix, prepared from dried skimmed milk, calcium casinate, sucrose and reinforced with vegetable oil, was designed to overcome these handicaps with the dried skimmed milk. It was used in treating thousands of children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the Nigeria-Biafra War. The results of treatment show that compared with dried skimmed milk, kwashior food mix lowered the rate of severe diarrhea, hypoglycemia and case-fatality; and the patients thus treated showed a faster gain in weight. Furthermore, its combination with postkwashiorkor food mix at a later stage of treatment maintained the initial improvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lactase deficiency--a comparative study of diagnostic methods.

The diagnostic value of 1-14C-lactose breath test was compared with the standard lactose tolerance test and lactase assay in jejunal biopsies in 16 control subjects, 14 patients with lactase deficiency (LD) proven by lactase assay and 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 14CO2 specific activity in the 2-hr breath collection after administration of 1-14C-lactose (5 muCi) provided a satisfactory separation between the control and LD group. Values were 7.0 +/- 2.0% dose administered/mmoles 14CO2 X 10(-3) (mean +/- SD) in the control group versus 2.1 +/- 1.5 in LD (P less than 0.001) versus 4.9 +/- 2.3 in IBS (P less than 0.01). 1-14C-lactose breath test was superior to standard lactose tolerance test in specificity (P less than 0.05) and provided a satisfactory correlation between 14C-lactose absorption and lactase assay (r = 0.77). The prevalence of LD in IBS was 40% by the breath test and 35% by lactase assay, suggesting that lactose malabsorption may play a role in the symptoms in the population of some patients with IBS. It appears that 1-14C-lactose breath test is a sensitive, specific and accurate method for the diagnosis of LD in clinical practice and suitable for large scale epidemiological surveys.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1977

Lactose malabsorption in adult Vietnamese.

Because of the traditional "nonmilking" attitude in Vietnam, a high incidence of lactose malabsorption would be expected in Vietnamese. However, confirming data are not available, and for this reason 31 adult Vietnamese were studied by obtaining diet histories and performing oral lactose tolerance tests. Twenty-three had drunk from one glass of milk a month to three glasses a day as adutls in Vietnam, and eight had noted milk-related symptoms. Since arrival in the United States, 30 had drunk milk and six had experienced symptoms. All 31 adult Vietnamese tested had flat lactose tolerance tests, signifying lactose malabsorption, with 20 subjects having symptoms during or after the tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lactose malabsorption in Mexican-American adults.

Lactose malabsorption was determined in 277 Mexican-American (MA) and 142 Anglo-American (AA) adults aged 18 to 94 years old, and correlated with nutrient intake assessed from 24-hr dietary recalls, as well as with milk and dairy product consumption. Lactose malabsorption occurred in 144 of 277 (53%) MA and 21 of 142 (15%) AA. Analysis of dietary questionnaires revealed no differences between lactose absorbers and malabsorbers within each ethnic group in their consumption of protein, calories, riboflavin, vitamin A, or calcium. Vitamin A, calcium, and riboflavin intake was greater in AA than in MA subjects. Milk and dairy product consumption was the same in lactose absorbers and malabsorbers in both ethnic groups. Nearly 60% of MA malabsorbers and 24% of AA malabsorbers recognized experiencing symptoms after milk ingestion. Although group differences in milk consumption on the basis of lactose absorption status are not apparent, individual lactose malabsorbers may alter milk ingestion in response to lactose-induced symptoms. Lactose malabsorption occurs in over half of MA adults and may in some individuals present a clinically relevant problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Milk and lactose-hydrolyzed milk.

Seven females 18 to 26 years old (mean 23 years) who were lactose malabsorbers as determined by a lactose tolerance test were given two different test meals: 5 ml/kg body weight reconstituted nonfat dry milk and 5 ml/kg body weight reconsituted nonfat dry milk in which 92% of the lactose had been hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose. Lactose malabsorption was determined by the breath H2 test. Tests were done in duplicate for a total of 28 tests. Whether a 3-hr test period of a 5-hr test period was used, the average breath H2 response after the lactose-hydrolyzed nonfat dry milk test meals was significantly lower (P less than 0.002) than the average breath H2 response after the nonfat dry milk test meals. There were significant differences among individual responses (P lless than 0.06 for the 3-hr test period and P less than 0.09 for the 5-hr test period), and no significant differences between duplicate test days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lactose malabsorption in preschool black children.

One hundred sixteen healthy black children ages 13 to 59 months, representing high and low socioeconomic deciles, were studied for lactose malabsorption. A fasting lactose tolerance test using 2 g of lactose/kg of body weight was carried out. Glucose was determined at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. Of the 116 preschoolers 34 (29%) evidenced lactose malabsorption as determined by a blood glucose rise of less than 26 mg/100 ml. Clinical signs of diarrhea, gas, and cramps were noted singly or in combination in 18% of the 34 lactose-malabsorbing children. Of the 82 lactose absorbers, 12% demonstrated similar signs. The nature and length of the initial infant milk feeding failed to show any relationship to the onset of malabsorption. Current milk drinking patterns were reported as being similar. Eight-seven percent of the malabsorbers and 92% of the absorbers report drinking 240 ml or more of milk/day. Socioeconomic status, education, marital status, and medical assistance of the parent is similarly distributed between lactose absorbers and malabsorbers.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Lactose malabsorption among adult Indians of the Great Basin and American Southwest.

The prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption and the pattern of milk use were studied among 109 Indians from various tribes of the American Great Basin and Southwest. Included were 100 persons who reported being full-blooded Indians as well as three with Mexican admixture and 6 with some European ancestry. Lactose malabsorption was found in 92% of the full-blooded Indians but in only 50% Indians who acknowledged European admixture. These results agree with those of studies of native Americans done elsewhere which show very high prevalences of such lactose malabsorption among adults reported as fullblooded and lower prevalences among individuals with admitted European ancestors. The suggestion made is that in pre-Colombian times, before interbreeding with Europeans began on any scale, such lactose malabsorption may have been nearly universal among native American adults. Most of the Indians studied consumed abundant milk since childhood but were nevertheless predominantly malabsorbers as adults. This argues against the induction hypothesis advanced by some to explain the striking ethnic differences that occur around the world in primary adult lactose malabsorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intestinal lactase deficiency and milk drinking capacity in the adult.

The milk drinking capacity of 200 adults was determined experimentally and the results correlated with their milk drinking habits and intestinal lactase activity as judged by a lactose tolerance test. Of the group 65.5% were found to have deficient lactase activity and 5.3% experienced severe gastrointestinal symptoms with 250 ml of milk; 28.2% with 500 ml; 26.0% with 750 ml; 15.3% with 1000 ml and 25.2% tolerated the latter amount without difficulty. Of the normal individuals, 92.7% tolerated 1000 ml without symptoms. Intestinal lactase activity seemed to be important in determining the extremes of milk ingestion: four or more glasses per day or no milk ingestion, but had little effect in the intermediate pattern of milk consumption. It is concluded that intestinal lactase deficiency has clinical relevance and should be considered when nutritional supplementation with milk is contemplated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of an episode of severe malnutrition and age on lactose absorption by recovered infants and children.

The degree of which the ability to absorb lactose can be regained after recovery from an acute episode of severe malnutrition is in doubt. Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode. All were studied just before discharge after several months of hospital rehabilitation, during which linear growth and weight gain had accelerated and signs of significant malabsorption of other nutrients had disappeared. Only 39% of the total group had a positive test (delta blood glucose greater than 25 mg/dl); there was a decreasing proportion of positive responders with increasing age. No difference in response attributable to type or severity of malnutrition was found. Comparison of the present data with previous data from children in the same community who had never been acutely malnourished suggests that acute malnutrition may hasten the permanent decline of lactase activity normally expected later in life.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Lactose maldigestion in Ascaris-infected preschool children.

Two studies were conducted to investigate the contribution of Ascaris lumbricoides to lactose maldigestion in preschool children in two different communities in Panama where milk is available as a source of nutrients and the prevalence of Ascaris is known to be high. Both Ascaris-infected and uninfected children were given a standard lactose load and lactose absorption was studied by measuring the rise in plasma glucose in study 1 and by determination of breath hydrogen concentrations at regular intervals after ingestion of the test dose in study 2. All children were tested before anthelmintic treatment with levamisole and 3 wk after therapy. The mean rise in blood glucose from infected (n = 13) children 40 min after the ingestion of lactose was about half of that of the controls (n = 21). After deworming, lactose digestion improved in previously infected children. In study 2, significant differences in breath hydrogen concentrations postmilk ingestion were observed between the Ascaris-infected (n = 47) and the uninfected children (n = 35) before treatment. There was a substantial reduction of breath hydrogen after milk ingestion in the previously infected children after therapy. No differences were observed in breath hydrogen content of the uninfected children during the pre- and posttreatment phases of the study in the lactose tolerance test. These studies provide evidence that infection with Ascaris lumbricoides impairs lactose digestion in preschool children.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1984

Breath hydrogen test for lactose absorption capacity: importance of timing of hydrogen excretion and of high fasting hydrogen concentration.

The breath hydrogen (H2) test for lactose absorption capacity is a simple, noninvasive method for the determination of the adult lactase phenotypes, lactose absorber and malabsorber, in healthy subjects. Two breath H2 tests with a load of 50 g lactose monohydrate were performed on 25 healthy adult lactose malabsorbers in order to determine the validity of simplified versions of the test for field studies. A high variability of peak H2 excretion times, rapid changes in breath H2 concentrations and a significant correlation of intraindividual peak H2 excretion times were observed. High fasting excretion of H2 in breath was a frequent cause of misclassification of probands. It is recommended that at least three breath samples per proband should be collected in field studies of lactose absorption and that special diagnostic criteria be applied in classifying subjects with high initial H2 excretion.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Effect of yogurt on symptoms and kinetics of hydrogen production in lactose-malabsorbing children.

Lactase-deficient adults demonstrate improved lactose absorption and fewer symptoms when consuming yogurt than when consuming milk containing equivalent amounts of lactose. To examine this effect and its mechanisms in children, we compared symptoms and hydrogen production as an index of lactose malabsorption after typical servings of milk, pasteurized yogurt, and yogurt containing active live culture in 14 lactose-malabsorbing children (mean age 9.5 y). Symptoms and interval breath-hydrogen concentrations were recorded for 8 h after ingestion of 12 g lactose served as milk and yogurts. Lactose-malabsorbing children experienced significantly fewer symptoms after consuming yogurt containing active cultures than after consuming milk (P < 0.005). Pasteurized yogurt showed an intermediate effect. Lactose from yogurt was not better absorbed than was lactose from milk, as indicated by similar areas under the hydrogen curve; however, yogurt was associated with a delayed time to rise and lower rate of rise of the hydrogen curve. The rate of hydrogen rise correlated with the degree of symptoms. In children, mechanisms other than enhanced lactose absorption from yogurt may lead to changes in the kinetics of hydrogen production, which in turn are associated with improved tolerance.

Adolescent↗