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PubMed2002

Neuropsychological testing: evolution and emerging trends.

Neuropsychological (NP) test batteries have evolved as an amalgam of intelligence tests, various individual measures of "biological" cognition, and sensory and motor testing. The early emphasis of NP testing was to identify "organicity" and central nervous system lesion localization. More recent approaches have emphasized the profiling of performance across individual neurocognitive domains (eg, attention, memory, and language) to facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the field is still hampered by the use of many tests that are antiquated, excessively long, or of dubious psychometric quality. Some of these problems may have contributed to the current under-utilization of NP testing in diagnostic workups of neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews some of the recent changes in the field that hold promise for substantially shortening assessments, improving diagnostic reliability, and making NP testing more cost-effective and practical.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after intrauterine laser treatment for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after intrauterine laser treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: All 89 surviving infants who were treated between January 1995 and May 1997 were investigated in a single center. Seventy-five children were tested with the Griffiths' Developmental Test Scales at a median age of 21 months; 14 children (median age, 34 months) were tested with the Snijders-Oomen-Non-Verbal-Intelligence Test. All children underwent a detailed standardized physical and neurologic examination. RESULTS: Sixty-nine infants (78%) showed a normal development (group I), 10 infants (11%) had minor neurologic deficiencies (group II), and 10 infants (11%) had major neurologic deficiencies (group III). No difference between recipient and donor status was observed (P =.93). There was a trend toward a more favorable outcome for those infants who were born as twins (53 infants [81%] in group I and 5 infants [8%] in group III) compared with singleton survivors after intrauterine death of the cotwin (16 infants [67%] in group I and 5 infants [21%] in group III); however, the difference was not significant (P =.12). CONCLUSION: After intrauterine laser treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 78% of the children had a normal neurodevelopmental status, 11% of the children had minor neurologic deficiencies, and 11% of the children had major neurologic deficiencies, at a median age of 22 months.

Child Development↗
PubMed1993

Adapting the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for use with children aged 5 to 10 years.

We describe modifications made to the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) to make it appropriate for use with children. Results of a sample of 335 children aged 5 to 10 years, attending mainstream schools, are reported. Each child was given two of the four versions of the modified test for children together with a number of tests of memory and achievement from the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (Revised WISC-R), and the British Ability Scales (BAS). The children's version of the behavioural memory test (RBMTC) has good interrater and parallel from reliability. The validity of the RBMTC was established in two ways. First, with other tests of memory from the WISC and BAS. Second, a small (n = 36) group of children with severe epilepsy and memory difficulties, attending a residential school, were tested. The houseparents of these children were asked to complete rating scales on everyday memory performance. There was significant agreement between houseparents' observations and scores on the RBMTC (Spearman rank correlation = .71, p < .001), indicating that the test is indeed assessing everyday memory.

Child↗