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PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodology of determination of the time of death and outlooks for the further development].

A methodological analysis of diagnosing the prescription of death coming (PDC) is described in the paper. Key philosophic fundamentals for further novel and more effective methods of PDC determination are elucidated. Main requirement applicable to postmortem diagnosis are defined. Different methods of modeling the postmortem process are demonstrated by the example of cadaver cooling, i.e. in real time, by analogue computer systems and by mathematic modeling. The traditional empiric and the adaptive approaches are comparatively analyzed in modeling the postmortem processes for the PDC diagnosis. A variety of promising trends for further related research is outlined.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2004

[The expression of bFGF and its receptor FGFR1 in rat after fluid-percussive brain injury].

OBJECTIVE: Study on the pattern of changes of bFGF and FGFR1 immunoreactivity occurred in the experimental brain injury model for the purpose of providing the scientific basis for molecular pathological diagnosis, forensic identification, clinical treatment as well as further ascertaining the molecular mechanism of brain injury. METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into normal control, sham operation control and injury groups. The rats of injury groups were subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion brain injury (0.2 mPa). The injury groups were then subdivided into 30 min, 1, 3, 6, 12 h, 1, 3, 7 d groups according to the time elapsed after injury. The SP immunohistochemistry method was used to examine the expression of both bFGF and FGFR1 factors in rat brain. RESULTS: In the brain of normal control and sham operation control groups, the low expression levels of bFGF and FGFR1 were observed. The increase of bFGF and FGFR1 immunoreactivity could be observed 6 h after injury in cortex and brain stem, reached to the peak at 1 d and remained at the high level up to 3 d, then partly declined at 7 d. In hippocampus, however, the increase occur as early as 3 h after injury, reached to the peak at 1 d and then decreased progressively, and returned to basal level at 7 d. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that brain injury induced the gene expressions of bFGF and FGFR1. The bFGF may contribute to maintenance of nerve cell survival and the repair of damaged neural tissues after CNS injury and the patterns of their level change were quite regular and can be used for timing of injury in forensic medicine aspect.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[The advance of protection for hazard factor during autopsy].

Recently, the special characteristics of work with SARS require particular attention to the facilities, equipment, policies and procedures involved. In fact, an autopsy also subject prosectors and others to a wide variety of hazards, including bloodborne, aerosolized pathogens and others (for example SARS). Forensic pathologists and other persons in close proximity to an autopsy need personal protective equipment, fourthemore, laboratory procedure and facility design principles of biosafety should be established for the protection of all personnal involved in the work.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An algorithm of forensic-histological examination].

A detailed algorithm of forensic-histological examinations supplementing "The Instruction on organization and execution of examinations by Bureau of forensic-medical expertise" is suggested in the paper. The algorithm envisages examination of the preparation in flow light without microscope, identification of an organ and/or tissue as well as an evaluation of the integrity of histo-architectonics and of the pronouncement degree of cadaveric changes. A regulated description of the preparation is recommended by using the generally accepted terminology; peculiarities related with examination of different organs are elucidated. Features, which are most informative in solving the forensic-medical issues, are specified. Methodological approaches to formulating the forensic-histological diagnosis are defined with respect to diagnosis specificity.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mathematic modeling of morphogenesis of the liver and spleen in fetus and newborns for the purpose of determining the gestation age].

Fragments of the liver and spleen obtained from 140 cadavers of fetus and newborns with a gestation age (GA) ranging from 21 to 41 weeks were morphometrically investigated. The obtained data were statistically processed. A set of equations was designed on the basis of the multi-factor regression analysis for the GA determination. The study results are recommended for practical use in the forensic-medical expertise in cases of perinatal death.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A study of cadaveric mycobiota at the late stages of post-mortem changes within the forensic-medical verification of death coming and of bury place].

Data are described on the late stages of fungus populating in cadaveric remains (soil and other fungi). By week 2 after bury, the soil fungi grow through the cloths and skin of cadaver with the species mycobiotic composition of remains corresponding, on the whole, to a bury place. The woodland soils are distinguished through a more diversified species composition and total mycobiotic content, which can be valuable in establishing the fact and route of transfers of cadaver or of its remains even at late cadaveric changes.

Burial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Potentialities of histological examinations of the spleen in the diagnosis of alcoholic and narcotic intoxication].

Qualitative changes observed in the spleen in chronic narcotic and alcoholic intoxication are described. The below signs are recommended for use in the diagnosis of chronic exogenous intoxication: an increased thickness and sclerosis of the splenic connective structures and myelosis of the red pulp. The diagnostic criteria of chronic intoxication with intravenous opiates are the below changes in the spleen: hyperplasia of the splenic follicles, germinative foci in the follicles' stases and folds in vessels, edema of the vascular wall, hyperemia of follicular arteries and diapedetic hemorrhages. Hypoplasia of the follicles and venous hyperemia of the spleen should be regarded as signs of chronic alcoholic intoxication. The data obtained within the case study can be used by forensic medical experts in the diagnosis of narcotic and alcoholic intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ethanol-oxidizing enzymes of the adrenal glands in acute alcoholic intoxication].

Complex morphological-and-histological examinations of the adrenal glands were performed on actual forensic-medical samples in acute alcoholic intoxication (AAI), i.e. 107 death cases of men and women, aged 17 to 60, due to mechanical trauma, lethal ethanol intoxication and somatic complications of chronic alcoholism. A differentiated distribution of ethanol-oxidizing enzymes was defined, i.e. of alcohol-dehydrogenase and acetyl-dehydrogenase in the structural-and-functional zones of the adrenal cortex and medullary substance. A differential activity of enzymes was established that correlated with the level of exogenous alcoholemia. Sets of morphological signs related with examinations of the adrenal glands, which enabled a differential diagnosis of death causes in AAI, were specified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Study on relationship between changes of geometry parameters in human spleen nuclei and the postmortem interval].

OBJECTIVE: Using computer image-analyze technique (CIAT) to study changes of geometry parameters in human spleen nuclei and seek a new experimental method to deduce the estimation the postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: 31 cadavers that known accurate PMI, sampled and smeared respectively every hour within the first 36 hours after death, fixed with cold Carony fixation, stained by Feulgen-van's method, and measured 5 geometry parameters using the image-analyze instrument including Area (A), Mean-Dia (MD), Average Diameter (AD), perimeter (P), Index of density (ID). RESULTS: A, MD, AD and P in the human spleen nuclei have no correlation with the PMI. But ID rose regularly with the prolongation of PMI in 36 hours. There was a definite correlation between ID and the PMI, r=0.983, linear regression equation with PMI (hours) as the dependent variable was calculated for ID. CONCLUSION: Geometry parameter ID was proved to be preferable indexes for estimation of PMI in 36 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The morphological specificity of relaxation of cardiomyocytes and their value in forensic medical diagnostics].

The morphological specificity of different conditions of cardiomyocytes was studied in myocardia of 50 cadavers of men who died of a variety of reasons. All conditions, except for the normal relaxation of cardipmyocytes, were found to result from damages in the contractive apparatus. Morphological variations of relaxation of cardiomyocytes are described.

Forensic Pathology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The forensic medical diagnosis of intoxication of alcohol surrogates by morphological findings].

The pathomorphology of intoxication of alcohol surrogates is described. A high frequency rate of DIC-syndrome is shown for the condition. A majority of thrombi accumulates at places with the highest concentrations of toxic substances as well as at those places, through which poisoning substances are brought out of the body, i.e. in the liver (since toxic substances are introduced perorally) and kidneys. Thrombi were detected in all internals, including the brain, in lethal intoxication. The immediate toxic effect from methanol and from higher spirits can matter in the genesis of changes, including acute swelling and chromatolysis with subsequent cell death. Exclusively cerebral or coagulopathic-cerebral types of thanatogenesis were registered in studied case of intoxication.

2-Propanol↗
PubMed2004

A mobile system for postmortem genital examinations with colposcopy: SART-TO-GO.

The interpretation of genital findings in the deceased is a vital and timely issue. A paucity of information exists on the nature and appearance of the anogenital tissues in the postmortem interval. The traditional postmortem genital examination consists of gross visualization, which may preclude detection of the subtler trauma that usually constitutes injury in sexual assault. The mobile system grew out of a need to bring the examiner to the patient, e.g., in jurisdictions that lack a centralized morgue. The theoretical framework of the methodology lies in the sexual activity that culminates in the death of the sexual homicide victim. This sequential methodology was based on the Sexual Assault Response Team (SART) model, with adaptation to the autopsy milieu. Colposcopy is well-established for the medical-legal investigation of living sexual assault victims. During the author's initial rape-homicide examinations, only gross visualization was available. It soon became apparent that a system that facilitated detailed scrutiny of the anogenital tissues at various postmortem intervals was needed. Colposcopy was selected as the examination method because of its magnification, photodocumentation, and peer review potential. The sequential protocol was developed and refined during an ongoing accumulation of baseline cases. The role of the forensic nurse examiner is described within a defined scope of expertise and as a collaborative member of the homicide investigative team.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2004

Common mitochondrial DNA deletion associated with sudden natural death in adults.

One of the most frequent causes of death in developed countries is sudden natural death (SND), which is the most common indication for medico-legal autopsies. Cardiac diseases are frequently detected among SND. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is easily damaged by reactive oxygen species, and it may cause dysfunction in tissues, leading to early events in cardiovascular disease. A specific mtDNA deletion of 4977 bp is associated to aging, myocardial dysfunction, and bioenergetic deficit. The potential link between mtDNA damage and SND has not been investigated before. Our aim was to evaluate the accumulation of the common mtDNA4977-deletion in cardiac muscle samples from autopsies of SND in adults (n = 14) in comparison to control samples from unnatural deaths (n = 12). Serial dilution-polymerase chain reaction method was performed to estimate the proportion of the total mtDNA harboring the mtDNA4977-deletion. Coefficient variation intra-assay was 8%, and inter-assay was 12%. MtDNA4977-deletion percentage was higher in samples obtained from victims of SND than in those from subjects who died of unnatural causes (p < 0.05). No differences in mtDNA4977-deletion were found between SND victims 39-51 years old, and no correlation was found between these samples and age, r = 0.30, p = 0.29 while it was significant among control samples, r = 0.68, p < 0.05. The association between mtDNA4977 deletion with SND victims might offer a tool to provide additional information to clarify complex SND investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Forbidden anatomy].

Since centuries anatomists have used any course of action in order to get hold of material for dissections, and at the same time avoid prosecution for grave robbery, at times the only way to get hold of cadavers. Stealing newly dead people from the churchyards and offering them for sale to anatomical institutions was not uncommon in the 19th century. "Resurrectionists"--as these thieves were called, as they made the dead "alive"--were seen as necessary for the teaching of anatomy in Victorian Britain. In the 1820s a scandal was revealed in Scotland, when it was discovered that some people even committed murder to make money from supplying anatomists with human cadavers. Two men, William Burke and William Hare, became particularly notorious because of their "business" with the celebrated anatomist Robert Knox in Edinburgh.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2004

Teeth that reveal the secrets of the dead.

Badly decomposed bodies, victims of horrific murders and unidentified corpses are all part of a working week for Professor Marie Cassidy, Ireland's only State Pathologist. Almost a year after taking up her position, this most unusual of civil servants talks to DANIEL ATTWOOD about her fascinating role at the heart of the Irish forensic service and about the unique way the dental profession can help her identify both victim and attacker.

Bites, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of changes in the myocardium for the forensic-medical diagnosis of death as a result of alcoholic cardiomyopathy].

Significance, of the weight and dimensions of heart as well as of fat dystrophy of cardiomyocytes and of the related detection methods is demonstrated for the diagnosis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP). When such patients die in a state of alcoholic intoxication, the diagnosis should be death of acute alcoholic intoxication. Lethality of ACMP can be diagnosed only in those who die in the sober condition or with an insignificant level of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The forensic-biochemical diagnosis of different-genesis hypoxic conditions in cadavers of newborns and babies].

Some parameters of anaerobic glycolysis were examined in trauma and hypoxia of different types. Statistically reliable differences were detected in the level of glucose in blood, of glycogen and of lactic acid as well as in the activity of lactatodrogenases in the liver and cardiac and skeleton muscles as observed in different-type hypoxia versus trauma. Diagnosis criteria were designed for the diagnosis of hypoxic conditions in newborns and babies.

Blood Glucose↗