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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Varicose veins: facts and fantasy.

The high prevalence of varicose veins in Western countries contrasts with their relative rarity in traditionally living communities in the Third World. Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that a major causative factor is the transmission of raised intra-abdominal pressures to the veins of the legs. One important cause of these pressures is the abdominal straining necessitated to evacuate small firm stools, which in turn are the result of fiber-depleted diets.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral insulin and the induction of tolerance in man: reality or fantasy?

Induction of tolerance to insulin, the only beta-cell-specific antigen in Type 1 diabetes, is under testing for prevention of Type 1 diabetes in the US multicentre trial DPT1. Recently a multicentre double-blind trial with oral insulin in patients with recent onset Type 1 diabetes, conducted by our group, has been completed and showed that oral insulin administration at the dose of 5 mg daily for one year starting at the time of disease onset had no effect on residual beta-cell function as assessed by C-peptide secretion. A similar trial using different doses was carried out at the same time and similarly showed no beneficial effect on the decline of beta-cell function during the first year after diagnosis. In this study oral insulin was administered at the daily doses of 2.5 and 7. 5 mg over a one-year period. Such results challenge the current view that induction of oral tolerance can be established when the immune process is already active.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Reversal of hepatic fibrosis -- fact or fantasy?

The prospect of reversing hepatic fibrosis has generated great interest now that basic science advances are being translated into promising new antifibrotic therapies. It is appropriate to recognize both the historical advances that created the framework for these successes, and the important role that Hepatology has played in disseminating them. A sense of urgency underlies this effort as the epidemics of HCV and NASH are becoming associated with advancing fibrosis. To maintain progress and minimize confusion among investigators and clinicians it is essential to standardize terms referring to fibrosis 'reversal' and 'regression.' There must also be rapid optimization of non-invasive markers of fibrosis to relieve this current bottleneck to conducting clinical trials. Progress in identifying genetic determinants of fibrosis could further refine patient selection for clinical trials and shorten their duration, as well as unearthing new directions of scientific inquiry. Realistic expectations for successful anti-fibrotic therapies reflect solid evidence of fibrosis regression in patients treated effectively for viral liver disease, as well as growing clarity in the understanding mechanisms of extracellular matrix production and degradation. The paradigms of stellate cell activation and apoptosis remain valuable frameworks for understanding pathways of hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis regression, respectively. Continued progress is essential in order to identify the determinants and dynamics of fibrosis reversibility, to discover additional targets for anti-fibrotic therapy, and to develop customized multi-drug regimens. These advances are sure to be captured in the next 25 years by Hepatology , and to profoundly impact the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2007

Trehalose as a "chemical chaperone": fact and fantasy.

Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose that is found at high concentrations in a wide variety of organisms that naturally survive drying in nature. Many years ago we reported that this molecule has the remarkable ability to stabilize membranes and proteins in the dry state. A mechanism for the stabilization rapidly emerged, and it was sufficiently attractive that a myth grew up about trehalose as a universal protectant and chemical chaperone. Many of the claims in this regard can be explained by what is now known about the physical properties of this interesting sugar. It is emerging that these properties may make it unusually useful in stabilizing intact cells in the dry state.

Animals↗