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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Max Weber's disease. Research on the disease and therapeutic management at the turn of the century].

This article on the German economist and sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) continues our pathographic and psychohistoric studies on the interrelations between his life, his illness, and his work on "Protestantic Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism". In a former paper (Frommer u. Frommer, 1993) we focussed on Weber's definition of modern society as an "iron cage" determined by Western rationalism. His theory, which shows that this cultural background demands a great amount of role conformity from the individual, converges with current psychopathological approaches on the personality of depressed patients. In the second article we report on results of our research on further personal documents, and some medical certificates by Weber's physicians. These documents demonstrate the diagnosis of a severe depression in a narcisstic and hypernomic personality.

Depression↗
PubMed2003

Mark Twain on phrenology.

Mark Twain was a noted 19th century American writer and humorist. He often elaborated upon the personalities of his characters, and his observational skills reflected a strong interest in psychology. Similarly, he found an interest in phrenology, a pseudoscience that purported to characterize personality traits according to elevations or depressions on the head. Twain's style is clearly reflected in the interesting essay he wrote regarding his personal experience with phrenology.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2005

The idiosyncratic aspects of the epilepsy of Fyodor Dostoevsky.

The goal of this article is to review the idiosyncratic aspects of the epilepsy of Fyodor Dostoevsky, one of the greatest writers of all time. The onset of his seizures is controversial, with some evidence pointing to his childhood and other reports that would place the onset in his teens or his twenties. His life in prison in Siberia and then in the Russian army is reviewed. His lifestyle included many factors that exacerbated his epilepsy, especially stress and sleep deprivation. His compulsion for gambling played an important role in producing great stress in his life, as he tried to reverse his poverty in the casinos. The most idiosyncratic aspect of his epilepsy was his so-called ecstatic aura. The etiology of his seizures was probably inherited as revealed by the seizures of his father and the status epilepticus and death of his young son. This great writer died from lung hemorrhages in 1891. Discussed in this review is that he did not likely have an aura of ecstasy; only a few such possible cases can be found in the world literature. For those few cases, evidence from electrical self-stimulation studies in animals and humans, investigating "pleasure centers," can be found to involve the limbic system, especially the septal nucleus. Data from the human amygdala provide evidence why almost all auras are, in fact, unpleasant and not pleasant. A review of recent data on the risks to offspring of epileptic fathers confirms that the etiology of Dostoevsky's epilepsy was probably inherited and that he probably had an idiopathic generalized epilepsy with minor involvement of the temporal lobe. A relationship is seen between his severe obsession with gambling and his epilepsy. Finally, Fyodor Dostoevsky is an excellent example of the "temporal lobe personality."

Epilepsy↗
PubMed2004

[An enigmatic disease in Gregor Mendel's life].

The great value of the experimental and theoretical work of Gregor Mendel has been recognized more than thirty five years after its publication; in this article, we suggest that his personality has still to be rediscovered.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1997

[Adolescence and chronic suicidal tendencies--the biography of the Italian poet Cesare Pavese (1908-1950)].

Suicide is widely understood as a failed solution of a crisis triggered by actual stress in a psychologically predisposed person. This description of the biography of the Italian author Cesare Pavese (1908-1950), who committed suicide at the peak of his career, emphasizes that chronic suicidal tendencies may be a feature of certain life-styles. A diary published posthumously shows that he had been reflecting on suicide for many years. A psychodynamic interpretation of his chronic suicidal tendencies stresses the importance of developmental goals in adolescence and early adulthood. Pavese did not establish a firm ego-identity. He remained through-out his life in a state of ambivalence between intimacy and autonomy, typical of adolescence. He increasingly experienced his writing as a surrogate for real life. His suicide was the paradoxical attempt to experience himself as a person acting in reality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Max Weber's illness--sociologic aspects of the depressive structure].

Between 1897 and 1902 the economist and sociologist Max Weber from Heidelberg suffered from a severe depressive crisis with multiple recurrences of its symptomatology in the following years. The biographic background of the disease process is examined. Questions regarding the specific diagnosis are discussed. Furthermore, his work shows that Weber was indirectly deeply concerned with the cultural, historical and social background conditions of depressive experience and behavior in the context of his study on Protestantic Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. Weber's definition of modern society as an iron cage, determined by Occidental Rationalism, shows that this cultural background demands a great amount of role conformity from the individual. Weber's theoretical approach should spark interest in the current psychopathological discussion of the characteristic structural features of a depressed personality.

Christianity↗