Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FUNGICIDES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of some 5-(2-aminoalkanoyl)-8-aryl-4(5H)-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-1,4,2, 6-dithiadiazine 6,6-dioxide derivatives.

Title compounds (5) were conveniently prepared from 5-aryl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (1) and chloro-sulphonyl isocyanate (CSI) to give 8-aryl-4-(5H)-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-b]-1,4,2,6-dithiadiazine -6,6-dioxide (2). The Compound (2) and one suspension of 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino) akanoic acid (3) in the presence of BOP reagent afforded Z-derivatives 8-aryl-5-(2-benzyloxycarbamoyl)alkanoyl-4(5H)-oxo- 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-1,4,2,6-dithiadiazine 6,6-dioxide (4). The Z-derivatives (4) gave aspected product (5) when treated with Pd-c 5% and formic acid in DMF. These compounds have been tested in vitro for their fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxisporum and Cephalosporium saccharii and results were compared with their parent dithidiazines.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective trace determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides in fruits and vegetables by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and electrochemical detection.

The predominant methods for determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTC) have been based on quantitation of carbon disulfide released by hot acid digestion. Because the subgroups of the DTC family differ in their chemical properties and toxicological behavior, selective determination is required. To meet the demand for a fast, simple, and sensitive procedure, a new reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic method was developed, consisting of surface extraction followed by direct injection into a liquid chromatographic system equipped with ultraviolet and electrochemical detectors, connected in series. The procedure is applicable to residues of N-methyldithiocarbamates (metam-sodium), N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamates (e.g., ziram and ferbam), ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (e.g., nabam, maneb, zineb, and mancozeb), and propylenebisdithiocarbamates (e.g., propineb) in fruits and vegetables. Limits of quantitation, calculated according to the procedure of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, are 9, 12, 8, and 12 microg CS2/L for N-methyl-DTC, N,N-dimethyl-DTC, ethylenebis-DTC, and propylenebis-DTC, respectively, when electrochemical detection is used.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Appraisal of fungistatic and fungicidal activities of quaternary compounds towards yeasts belonging to the genera Candida and Cryptococcus].

The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of five quaternary ammonium compounds towards Candida and Cryptococcus strains were determined using a bacteriological method adapted to mycological experiments. It could be deduced from this study that Cryptococcus in spite of the capsule around the cell were more sensitive than Candida and that the benzethonium chloride (BC) exhibited the most effective action against the whole yeasts. No resistance appeared, only Cryptococcus strain was less sensitive than the others.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of substituted pyrazolo[5,4-b] pyridine/pyrid-6-ones and pyrazolo[5,4-d]thiazines.

6-amino-1-Aryloxyaceto-4-aryl-5-cyano-4,5-dihydro-3-methy-l-1H-pyrazolo [5,4-b] pyridines (3)/pyrid-6-ones (4) and 1-Aryloxyaceto-6-amino-4-aryl-3-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[5,4-d]-1,3-thiazines (5), have been prepared by Michael addition between a,b-unsaturated ketones (2) and malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate and thiourea respectively. The antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Helminthosporium oryzae and Pyricularia oryzae have been evaluated and compared with commercial fungicide Carbendazim tested under similar conditions.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2002

Lysosomal response of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) coelomocytes to the fungicide copper oxychloride and relation to life-cycle parameters.

Juvenile specimens of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida Savigny, 1826, were exposed in the laboratory to a range of concentrations of the fungicide copper oxychloride. After an eight-week exposure period, the neutral-red retention (NRR) times were measured in the coelomocytes of all the worms that had matured. Life-cycle traits (survival, biomass change, cocoon production, cocoon mass, hatching of cocoons, number of hatchlings) were also monitored. Dose-related effects on NRR times, maturation, growth, and reproduction parameters were determined (one-way analysis of variance, p < 0.05). The lowest effect concentration for substrate copper (Cu) measured for the NRR time was 8.9 mg/kg (dry wt). Growth was severely affected at the highest exposure concentration (330 mg/kg substrate dry wt), at which no worms matured and no NRR times could be measured. Negative linear correlations (p < 0.05) were apparent between the NRR times and substrate and body Cu concentrations. Positive linear relationships were found between the NRR times and some life-cycle parameters (p < 0.05). This study showed that the NRR assay can indicate toxic stress due to Cu exposure at an early stage, and that NRR times can be linked to effects on certain life-cycle traits.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Development of a Monte Carlo sampling shell for the pesticide root zone model and its application by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Environmental Modeling Validation Task Force.

A user interface to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pesticide root zone model (PRZM) was constructed to allow Monte Carlo sampling of input parameter distributions. The interface was constructed employing the Visual Basic for Applications development environment, along with the functionality of the Crystal Ball Professional forecasting and risk analysis package. The tool has been utilized by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Environmental Model Validation Task Force to perform detailed statistical analyses of model input parameter uncertainty and the propagation of this uncertainty on the model outputs as well as comparisons of modeled and field-measured data.

Environment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of lipophylic N- and O-acyl derivatives of beta-hydroxy DL-alpha-amino acids.

Synthesis of N- and O-acyl derivatives of DL-serine and threo-DL-phenylserine was accomplished by a regioselective acylation of the corresponding amino acid. The residues introduced into amino acid structure contain hydrophobic long chain or aromatic, namely lauroyl, myristoyl and phenylacetyl moieties. The fungicidal activity against six strains of fungi was studied. Several compounds were found to be effective against growth of fungi, and O-myristoyl-DL-serine 2 and N-phenylacetyl-threo-DL-phenylserine 8 completely inhibited the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Verticillium dahliae.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of some 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-2-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2[5-aryl-2-phenylimino-1,3,4- thiadiazolin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

5-Aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-2-yl]- 1,3,4-thiadiaxoles 4 and 5-Aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-[5-aryl-2-phenylimino-1,3,4- thiadiazolin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 5 have been obtained from the cyclocondensation of 5-aryl/aryloxymethyl-2-arylidene hydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 3 with methyl cyanide and phenyl isothiocyanate respectively. Compounds 4 & 5 have been screened for their fungicidal activity against R. solani, F. oxysporum and P. oryzae. Based on screening data some structure-activity relationship is given.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational exposure to fungicides in floriculture in Ecuador].

Floriculture represents one of the major sources of income in the Ecuadorian Andean Region that can be carried out either in open fields as in greenhouses by using chemical compounds, growing hormones and xenobiotics. Among pesticides, ethylenbisdithiocarbamate (EBDTCs) fungicides represent the most extensively used. The aim of the study was the assessment of exposure to EBDTCs in Ecuadorian floricultural workers by the determination of the urinary excretion of the main metabolite of these compounds, ethylenethiourea (ETU). For this purpose, thirty-six floriculture workers and 7 unexposed healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Median level of ETU excretion in agricultural workers before the work shift was 3.2 micrograms/g creatinine, ranging from 0.4 to 34.5 micrograms/g creatinine. After pesticide application, urinary ETU increased to 6.2 micrograms/g creatinine (1.5-26.5) microgram/g creatinine. Urinary ETU resulted significantly higher in overall workers, taken as pre- and post-shift samples, when compared to controls (0.7, 0.4-2.1 micrograms/g creatinine, p < 0.01). According to jobs, applicators showed the highest levels of ETU excretion whereas growing, post-harvesting and maintenance workers showed similar levels of exposure. Higher level ETU excretion was observed in greenhouse compared to open field workers.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

[Azoles. 27. Nitroimidazole derivatives, their antibacterial and fungicidal activity and electron affinity].

Nitroimidazole derivatives 3a-3g, 4a-4g and 5-8 were synthesized by treating 4,5-dinitro- and 2-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole (1,2) with phenacyl bromide, its p-substituted derivatives or epichlorohydrin. 1-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dinitroimidazole (5) and its 2-methyl derivative 6 have been converted to imidazo-oxazoles 7 and 8 or amino imidazole derivatives 9-14 by the action of potassium carbonate or cyclic amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and N-methylpiperazine). Some of the newly synthesized nitroimidazole derivatives show antibacterial and fungicidal activity. The electron affinity of the nitroimidazole derivatives 1-24 is discussed on the basis of their half-wave potentials and in the connection with their eventual radiosensitizing properties.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Fungicidal activity of human neutrophils and monocytes on dermatophyte fungi, Trichophyton quinckeanum and Trichophyton rubrum.

Human peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the dermatophyte fungi Tricophyton quinckeanum and T. rubrum as assessed by inhibition of fungal replication in Sabouraud's agar. Monocytes also showed cytotoxic activity, but this was less pronounced than that of neutrophils, while lymphocytes had no toxic effect. Cytotoxicity showed a linear relationship to the target cell:effector cell ratio, with significant killing detected at a ratio of one neutrophil to one fungal cell. Fungal killing was optimal at incubation times of 2-24 hr for T. rubrum and 2-48 hr for T. quinckeanum. Thereafter, neutrophils were unable to prevent fungal replication while remaining viable. cytotoxicity was markedly reduced by sodium azide, an agent that inhibits haem enzymes, and by catalase, but not by heat-inactivated catalase or superoxide dismutase. The fungicidal activity of neutrophils and monocytes was greatly increased by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or with concanavalin A (Con A) compounds known to stimulate the secretion of lysosomal enzymes and the production of highly reactive oxygen intermediates. The cytotoxic activity of monocytes to T. quinckeanum, but not to T. rubrum, was also increased by Con A treatment. Neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis of dermatophytes was demonstrated by electron microscopy studies. Disrupted T. quinckeanum and T. rubrum germlings were identified in the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cells, and similarly disruption of hyphae surrounded, but not engulfed, by neutrophils was also observed. These studies suggest that phagocytosis and/or oxidative products of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes may be implicated in the killing of dermatophytes in vivo.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1985

Investigations on the sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants.

The sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants was studied in a suspension test. Glutaraldehyde 4%, sodium-dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate (2400 ppm active chlorine) and peracetic acid 0.25% demonstrated after 30 min of exposure at 20 degrees C in the presence of 4% horse serum a clear activity against spores of Bacillus cereus. Under the same conditions formaldehyde 4% and glutaraldehyde 2% were also found to be sporicidal, but only after a longer time of exposure. Spores of Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus appeared to be comparably resistant against the investigated disinfectants, whereas conidiospores of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger were less resistant. Of the micro-organisms tested Candida albicans proved to be slightest resistant, while spores of Bacillus subtilis were found the most resistant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from wheat sprouts. Purification, properties, effect of systemic fungicides].

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from wheat sprouts was isolated and partially purified. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 83 000. The enzyme activity sharply rises as the inhibiting factors present in the homogenate are separated. The pH optimum of the enzymatic reaction is 4,8. Divalent cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+) within the concentration range of 1--5 mM and complexons (EDTA, EGTA) at the concentration of 1 mM do not affect the PDE activity. The temperature optimum for the reaction is 60 degrees. The enzyme hydrolyzes 3' : 5'-AMP, 3' : 5'-GMP and 2':3'-AMP. The Km value for cAMP is 4 . 10(-3) M. The enzyme activity is inhibited by chemical agents possessing the fungicide activity, the strongest effect being exerted by anylate.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1984

Bifonazole and clotrimazole. Their mode of action and the possible reason for the fungicidal behaviour of bifonazole.

Bifonazole (Bay h 4502, Mycospor) and clotrimazole (Bay b 5097, Canesten) are potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis in yeasts and dermatophytes. Inhibition of demethylation of 4,4',14-trimethylsterols is accepted as primary mode of action responsible for their fungistatic efficacy. In Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes as well as in Epidermophyton floccosum the ergosterol precursor 24-methylendihydrolanosterol accumulates, whereas in Torulopsis glabrata lanosterol accumulation occurs, due to the fact that in this organism side chain alkylation proceeds after demethylation reactions. Bifonazole additionally leads to a generally decreased rate of sterol biosynthesis as compared to clotrimazole, due to a direct inhibition of microsomal HMG-CoA-reductase. The additional fungicidal effects of bifonazole are considered to originate from a sequential action by inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase and of cytochrome P450.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mutagenic activity of the fungicide captan].

A complex study of mutagenic activity of captan (a fungicide) in a series of standard test-systems has shown that the preparation induces gene mutations in certain Salmonella indicator strains (without metabolic activation), increases the frequency of mitotic crossing-over and gene conversion in yeasts (Saccharomyces), possesses a weak cytogenetic action on bone marrow cells in experimental animals, manifests no cytogenetic effect in the lymphocyte culture of human peripheral blood (including a system of microsomal activation). Genetic activity of captan cannot be a limiting criterion of its harmfulness.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of a new fungicide (PNDP) on the minor nucleotide content of Fusarium oxysporum.

The minor nucleotide constituents of rRNA from the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum were investigated. When the fungus was grown for 8 days in aerated liquid culture the following minor nucleotides were identified from 18S and 25S rRNA: m6A, m2A , m2(6)A, m1G, m2G , m2(2)G, m3C , Cm, m5C, m3U , Um, cm5U , rT and psi. PNDP (+/- threo-1-phenyl-2-nitro-1,3 diacetoxy-propane), a new fungicide of unknown biochemical mode of action, caused a great decrease in the minor nucleotide content of the fungus. Only seven minor nucleotides were present in the rRNA of the fungus grown in PNDP -containing medium. A hypermodified nucleotide, mcm5S2U , was found in treated but not in untreated fusarium. On comparing the effect of PNDP with that of known protein synthesis inhibitors such as cycloheximide and chloramphenicol, it was concluded that PNDP acted similarly to cycloheximide, a cytoplasmic protein synthesis inhibitor. It is suggested that the mode of action of PNDP may be the inhibition of the synthesis of RNA modifying enzymes of F. oxysporum.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1980

Endogenous formation of N-nitrosomorpholine from a new fungicide.

Trimorphamide [N-(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)morpholine], with an acute LD50 of 990 mg/kg, is a systemic fungicide under development. To examine its possible nitrosation in vivo, CFY rats were treated i.g. with 326 mg/kg trimorphamide, suspended in 40 mg/kg sodium nitrite. after 1 hour, another 40 mg/kg sodium nitrite was given i.g. and the animals were killed an hour later. The nitroso derivative was extracted by dichloromethane from the gastric content, after steam distillation. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was identified by comparison with authentic samples, both by GC and MS, using retention times and electron impact mass spectra. Quantification was carried out by GC-MS-specific ion monitoring, using the m/e 116 peak. The yield of NMOR ws found to be 0.65%. By the use of the Ames test, NMOR formed in vivo proved to be strongly mutagenic for the strains TA 1535 and TA 100, both in presence and absence of S-9 fraction. Tumour-bearing animals, treated by sodium nitrite plus trimorphamide, are being analysed.

Animals↗