Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FOUNDATIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Application and projects approved for fundamental research on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2000 to 2004].

From 2000 to 2004, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) accepted 1 171 applications and funded 160 projects for fundamental research on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The success rate is 13.64%. Being supported by NSFC, a number of achievements well known in China and abroad have been made, such as acupuncture complementary anaesthesia, treatment of leukemia, viral hepatitis, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, acute abdomen, burns and fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and their therapeutic mechanisms, and some new concepts and theories have been put forward, such as the theories of activating blood to resolve stagnation, simultaneous treatment of bacteria and toxin, etc. But there still exit some problems in the research of the funded projects. The research ways are mainly combination of different methods instead of integration of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The research results are mainly confirmation of traditional Chinese medical theories instead of exploration of their innate regularities. The relationship among disease, syndrome and symptom is not clearly explored. The principal-subordinate relationship between macro- and micro-differentiation of syndromes is not clear. Academic research is short of new ideas. Improper or biased explanation of the theories of traditional Chinese medicine still exists. On analysis of above problems, some preferable aspects of projects for fundamental research on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine funded by NSFC in future are suggested in this article.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical thinking: a foundation for consumer-focused care.

Both providers and recipients of health care services are now focusing attention on not only what is provided but also how services are provided. The goal is consumer satisfaction, with pressure on the provider of services to meet customer demands. This shift in focus challenges the knowledge and skills of nurses, and their ability to solve problems in collaboration with their customers. To provide consumer-focused care, nurses will need to develop critical thinking skills that utilize logical/analytical and intuitive/creative approaches to solving problems. Critical thinking skills that integrate these two approaches will provide practitioners expertise in flexible, individualized, and situation-specific problem solving. Nursing staff who are able to focus on the consumer will be better prepared to meet the demands of today's competitive health care market. The challenge facing educators is to prepare nurses with a foundation from which to provide this care.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Recognition of human cytomegalovirus by human primary immunoglobulins identifies an innate foundation to an adaptive immune response.

Most primates, including humans, are chronically infected with cospecifically evolved, potentially pathogenic CMV. Abs that bind a 10-aa linear epitope (antigenic determinant 2 site 1) within the extracellular domain of human CMV glycoprotein B neutralize viral infectivity. In this study, we show that genes generated by recombinations involving two well-conserved human germline V elements (IGHV3-30 and IGKV3-11), and IGHJ4, encode primary Ig molecules that bind glycoprotein B at this key epitope. These particular V(H), J(H), and V(kappa) genes enable humans to generate through recombination and N nucleotide addition, a useful frequency of primary Igs that efficiently target this critical site on human CMV and thus confer an innate foundation for a specific adaptive response to this pathogen.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

NASA/DARPA advanced communications technology satellite project for evaluation of telemedicine outreach using next-generation communications satellite technology: Mayo Foundation participation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of telemedicine capabilities-application of remote consultation and diagnostic techniques-and to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of such clinical outreach to rural and underserved communities with limited telecommunications infrastructures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1992, Mayo Foundation (Rochester, Minn, Jacksonville, Fla, and Scottsdale, Ariz), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency collaborated to create a complex network of fiberoptic landlines, video recording systems, satellite terminals, and specially developed data translators linking Mayo sites with other locations in the continental United States on an on-demand basis. The purpose was to transmit data via the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) digital communications protocol over the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite. The links were intended to provide a conduit for transmission of data for patient-specific consultations between physicians, evaluation of medical imagery, and medical education for clinical staffs at remote sites. RESULTS: Low-data-rate (LDR) experiments went live late in 1993. Mayo Clinic Rochester successfully provided medical consultation and services to 2 small regional medical facilities. High-data-rate (HDR) experiments included studies of remote digital echocardiography, store-and-forward telemedicine, cardiac catheterization, and teleconsultation for congenital heart disease. These studies combined landline data transmission with use of the satellite. The complexity of the routing paths and network components, immaturity of available software, and inexperience with existing telecommunications caused significant study delays. CONCLUSIONS: These experiments demonstrated that next-generation satellite technology can provide batch and real-time imagery for telemedicine. The first-generation of the ATM and satellite network technology used in these experiments created several technical problems and inconveniences that should be overcome as the network infrastructure matures.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The California wellness foundation's Health Improvement Initiative: evaluation findings and lessons learned.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the Health Improvement Initiative (HII), a 5-year grantmaking initiative funded by The California Wellness Foundation designed to identify the critical factors needed to bring about population health improvements through community-level systems change. DESIGN: The evaluation of the HII used a case-study, logic-model approach to make inferences about the effect of each community coalition (Health Partnership) on its target community. The primary outcome measure was the creation of significant and sustainable community-level systems change. SETTING: The HII included nine communities in California that received funding to create broad-based Health Partnerships. SUBJECTS: Primary data were collected from a variety of Initiative stakeholders by key informant interviews, closed-ended surveys, and participant observation. INTERVENTION: The HII provided funding over 5 years to nine Health Partnerships that were intended to be a driving force in implementing community-level systems change. The ultimate objective of the systems change process was to improve "population health, " broadly defined to include social economic, and cultural determinants of health, in addition to traditional health status indicators. MEASURES: Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to assess the effect of the HII on key community systems. The primary outcomes were qualitative descriptions of community-level changes. RESULTS: At the end of the 5 years of HII funding, six of the nine Partnerships had played a critical role in implementing sustainable systems changes that would likely have a significant effect in their target communities. CONCLUSION: The HII was successful in promoting community-level systems change in the majority of funded communities, although the evidence was mixed regarding the role of the Partnerships in bringing about these changes.

California↗
PubMed1986

Liberal arts: the foundation for occupational therapy education.

Occupational therapy lacks a consensus regarding its theory base, technical tools, contribution to society, ethical stance, and relationship to medicine. This study proposes steps to achieve a new consensus and to resolve the crisis focus on entry-level education. The proposed steps include the critical assessment of the educational foundation for practice, the recognition that a liberally educated occupational therapist can serve patients better and meet pressing societal needs, and the pursuit of closer relationships with liberal arts colleges by occupational therapy academic departments. A "new breed" of occupational therapists, that is, therapists who are liberally educated, will be capable of thinking in broad categories and will be open to new ideas and aware of ethical implications; they will be familiar with principles, able to practice from a knowledge base, and prepared to improve the profession's practice: they will possess the skills to be leaders.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1987

Pragmatism as a foundation for occupational therapy curricula.

This paper shows that the founders of occupational therapy adhered to the philosophy of pragmatism. A structure for curriculum design based on this philosophy is presented. It is proposed that clarifying our foundational philosophy to students by means of this structure would enhance their synthesis of occupational therapy concepts.

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

Fieldwork education: shaping a foundation for clinical reasoning.

The need to teach fieldwork students to critically examine practice has been a recurrent theme in recent occupational therapy literature; however, students need to learn routines and standard clinical skills before they can reflect on their practice. This article proposes a variety of strategies to teach technical skills while simultaneously providing a foundation for clinical reasoning.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of selected cases from the American Occupational Therapy Foundation's curriculum mentoring project.

This study investigated the outcomes of a yearlong formal curriculum-mentoring project sponsored by the American Occupational Therapy Foundation. Five occupational therapy faculty groups were selected through a competitive application process and paired with mentors to assist in curriculum change. The experiences of each of the teams were studied using multiple methods of data collection, including semistructured interviews conducted in person and via telephone, a mailed questionnaire, and bimonthly electronic journal entries. The process and outcomes of two representative cases are reported in this qualitative, critical case study analysis. Overall, the faculty groups in each of the two teams seemed to benefit from mentoring in differing degrees as a result of their participation in this curriculum mentoring project. An important finding was that a well-focused mentoring plan with clearly outlined expectations needs to be established at the onset of any formal mentoring project. Additionally, a systematic, strategic plan agreed on by both mentors and participants, with a clear outline of responsibilities, will enhance the outcomes of a mentoring relationship.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1977

Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Foundation and progress.

The Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, was inaugurated in 1952. Events leading to its foundation are described, together with the steps of evolution. An evaluation of its present-day relations with the Australian Society of Anaesthetists and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons is made, and the extension of its activities to South-East Asia and the community is indicated.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2006

The returns from cardiovascular research: the impact of the National Heart Foundation of Australia's investment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of the research investment of the National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHF). DESIGN AND SETTING: The NHF Research Evaluation Working Group was established in 2002 to oversee evaluation of research funding and outcomes data collected over a 5-year period. The evaluation included a bibliometric analysis conducted by the Research Evaluation and Policy Project at the Australian National University. OUTCOME MEASURES: Level and leverage of research funding; funding levels across the disciplines of biomedical, clinical, and public health research; and visibility and knowledge impact of NHF-supported research in international cardiovascular journals. RESULTS: The NHF's investment in research increased by 27% from 2001 to 2005. This increase resulted from leveraged support for fellowships and scholarships of $1.5 million over this period, and $2.2 million from the pharmaceutical industry. There was an increase in fellowship and scholarship funding from 26% in 2001 to 46% in 2005. There was a 75% increase in the funding allocated to public health research from 2002 to 2004. NHF-funded research publications were found in high impact journals at levels above Australian and world averages, but received fewer citations than expected based on citation rates for all similar articles. CONCLUSIONS: The NHF has been successful in implementing a policy to allocate 50% of its research funding to people and 50% to projects. This strategy has led to an increase in funding support for public health research. NHF-funded research has performed very well in terms of knowledge impact. The NHF is now well placed to strategically fund relevant research in the future.

Australia↗
PubMed2004

Foundations for a Phase III human immunodeficiency virus vaccine trial: A decade of Thai-U.S. Army collaborative research.

As part of the response of the Royal Thai Army to the outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Thailand, a collaboration was established with the U.S. Army to jointly work toward the development of vaccines for the prevention of HIV infection. During the first decade of this collaboration, studies have been carried out in the diverse disciplines that are crucial to providing the foundations for efficacy trials of candidate HIV vaccines. Studies of host, pathogen, and vaccine interventions included studies of viral diversity, epidemiology, disease course, potential vaccine cohorts, and Phase I/II clinical trials. Collaborations were expanded to other Thai institutions and to overseas partners, resulting in the Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. The efforts of these collaborations resulted in the development of candidate vaccines specifically designed for use in Thailand, and sequential evaluations that have lead to the threshold of the world's next and largest efficacy trial of HIV vaccines.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The portfolio: how was it for you? Views of F2 doctors from the Mersey Deanery Foundation Pilot.

A study was conducted between August 2004 and August 2005 to explore the experiences of Foundation year 2 (F2) trainees who used the learning portfolio on the Mersey Deanery pilot scheme. Seventy-three trainees (77%) reported receiving their portfolio during their induction. In their first four-month placement, 90 trainees (96%) completed the two case-based discussions, 80 (87%) the three mini clinical examinations and 92 (97%) the two direct observation of practical procedures. The number of trainees who felt there was an opportunity to make a record of and analyse clinical critical incidents and critical incidents related to professional behaviour was only 32 (35%) and 13 (15%) respectively. Free text responses suggested that trainees appreciate the portfolio but that an understanding of its content and purpose, particularly by educational supervisors, is paramount to its success.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

[Total quality management in healthcare. The European Foundation for Quality Management Model].

After presenting the quality model adapted by the health authorities, the authors refer to the development of quality methodology to the present day, and the importance of the self assessment of Quality focusing on the one according to the European Foundation For Quality Management (EFQM) adapted by healthcare organisations. Each criteria of the EFQM model is presented and its potential as a motivation for change by means of self assessment is discussed.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1998

[Optimizing of antibiotics policy in the Netherlands. III. SWAB guidelines for antimicrobial therapy in adults hospitalized with bronchitis. Foundation Antibiotics Policy Work Group].

The Stichting Werkgroep Antibioticabeleid (SWAB, Foundation Antibiotics Policy Team) has issued guidelines for empirical antimicrobial therapy of adult patients with bronchitis in hospital. Acute bronchitis is rarely caused by bacteria: therefore antibiotic treatment is not indicated in most cases. In an exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the primary treatment aims at combating the inflammatory reaction and the bronchospasm. In case of increasing dyspnoea, (increase of) sputum production and (increase of) purulence of the sputum, antibiotic treatment may lead to shortening of the symptoms and sickness duration. Doxycycline is to be preferred because of its spectrum, easy dosage and favourable price. If the patient has not had antibiotics earlier, amoxicillin also is a good choice. Macrolide antibiotics are no preparations of first choice because large-scale use readily leads to resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Ostomy care: foundation for teaching and practice.

Current approaches to ostomy management evolved from the extensive experience of surgeons, enterostomal therapy nurses, staff nurses, patients, and manufacturers. Advances in surgical techniques in the 1950's led to decreased morbidity and mortality previously associated with ostomy surgery. With these advances, a corresponding demand emerged to meet the rehabilitative needs of these patients by providing significant physical and psychological support. The birth of enterostomal therapy in 1958 focused interest, energy, and resources on this important area of patient care. Today's tradition-based practice continues to go a long way in meeting the physical and psychological needs of individuals undergoing ostomy surgery. However, in this era of managed care, shrinking healthcare dollars, and standardized guidelines, care practices not derived from evidence or consensus may jeopardize a patient's access to appropriate interventions and supplies. An exhaustive review of the literature revealed a paucity of ostomy-related research. The effectiveness of preoperative stoma site selection, prevention, care, and treatment of peristomal skin problems; and pouch selection and wearing times revealed a wealth of empirical evidence, but little or no objective data supporting commonly accepted interventions. The care of individuals with urinary and fecal diversions is both an art and a science. Evidence-based practice is needed to provide a firm foundation from which the art of individualized patient care can flourish. Research related to pre- and postoperative care and rehabilitation of individuals with ostomies can only serve to improve education, continuity of care, reimbursement, and most importantly, optimize patient care.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1990

Training and certification of homemaker-home health aides. Foundation for Hospice and Homecare and National Association for Home Care.

"The home care industry is where the nursing home industry was 20 years ago--growing rapidly and unregulated," reported The Washington Post in 1986, a consensus shared by legislators, regulators, consumers, and providers. In response, the Foundation for Hospice and Homecare initiated the national certification project, which seeks to establish a national standard for the basic preparation of homemaker-home health aides.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Getting the FAccts (Foundation for Accountability) straight.

Purchasers and consumers are taking the lead in monitoring health care quality through the new Foundation for Accountability. The aim is to consolidate, not proliferate, the quality criteria to which hospitals will have to respond in the future.

Accreditation↗