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A comparative strength study of metal ceramic and all-ceramic esthetic materials: modulus of rupture.

The modulus of rupture for three metal ceramics and five all-ceramic substructures with and without veneer porcelain was compared. Support of the veneer porcelain was directly related to the modulus of elasticity and not to the strength of the substructure material. The higher the modulus of elasticity, the greater was the strength of the veneered restoration. For each 1 x 10(6) increase in the modulus there was a corresponding 1040 psi increase in strength. The veneered all-ceramics had 45% to 70% of the strength of the metal ceramic restorations. The veneered nonprecious and gold-palladium metal ceramic test bars were significantly stronger than any veneered all-ceramic material.

Aluminum Oxide↗

Communicating patients' esthetic needs to the dental laboratory.

A visual aid in the form of a lined transparent plastic screen is attached to an earbow type of facebow and placed on the face. The screen can be adjusted to several horizontal tilts from the horizontal aspect in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The screen helps the dentist visualize horizontal and vertical facial characteristics that facilitate alignment of anterior restorations. This information can be sent to the laboratory, which can interpret the data with a smaller version of the adjustable screen.

Communication↗

Fixed prosthodontics and esthetic considerations for the older adult.

A new generation of older adults, who are more educated, health-conscious, and economically independent than their predecessors is bringing a fresh perspective and poses unique opportunities and challenges to fixed prosthodontics. Subtle differences in technique, attention to detail, and innovative application of materials and procedures are the main ingredients of successful fixed prosthodontic care for seniors. The goals of fixed prosthodontics for the older adult are fundamentally different from those for a younger population. A practice that enhances the integrity of residual tooth structure while simultaneously creating an environment less prone to dental disease and disability should be emphasized.

Aged↗

What are normal esthetic values?

The management of dentofacial deformities is at least partially assessed on the basis of standardized radiographs and photographs, which are analyzed according to accepted norms. Although one frequently hears the cry of "Treat the patient, not the cephalometric radiograph," with the development of sophisticated computer-assisted digitizing systems and cephalometric analysis programs, there may be a greater reliance on cephalometric and photometric norms than previously. If we are to become more dependent on these normal values, it is necessary to know their origin and significance.

Cephalometry↗