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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The Babinski sign: the first hundred years.

The year 1996 marks the centenary of Babinski's description of the toe responses (normal and pathological) after stimulation of the sole of the foot. The upgoing toe response is normal in the 1st year of life and forms part of the flexion synergy of the leg, which had been known before 1896. Babinski also recognized the relation between the toe phenomenon (phénomène des orteils) in older children and adults and dysfunction of the pyramidal system. Neurologists became so fascinated by toe responses alone that many competing signs were proposed; most of these consisted of stimuli at other parts of the leg and were actually part of the same-but temporarily forgotten-flexion synergy. From 1910 to 1915 Marie and Foix and also Walshe re-emphasized this relationship and pointed out the analogy with the flexion reflex of the dog that had been extensively studied by Sherrington; the toe "extensors" shorten the leg and therefore they are flexors in a physiological sense. The normal (downward) toe response of the toes does not belong to a more complex movement, although Babinski originally believed this; it is a monosegmental skin reflex, akin to abdominal reflexes. Babinski correctly predicted that dysfunction of the pyramidal tract is not synonymous with a lesion, and that this dysfunction of the pyramidal system is necessary but not sufficient to produce a phénomène des orteils.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2002

[In memory of the 160(th) birthday and the 80(th) anniversary of the death of Heinrich Irenäus Quincke, as well as of his description of angioedema 120 years ago].

In the year 2002 we celebrate the 160(th) birthday and the 80(th) anniversary of the death of Heinrich Irenäus Quincke, former head of the department of internal medicine at the University of Kiel from 1878 to 1908. Moreover we remember the description of the angioedema by Quincke in the "Monatsheften für Praktische Dermatologie" 120 years ago. Because his name is so tightly linked with angioedema, Quincke's other discoveries and achievements are scarcely recalled today. Some of his other accomplishments include the invention of the lumbar puncture, the initiation of the term siderosis, the study of the resorption of inorganic iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia and his early contributions to pulmonary surgery. Quincke was the first to describe the causative organism of animal favus, which today is known as Trichophyton quinckeanum. Quincke suspected a syphilitic infection as the cause of aortic aneurysms and recommended antisyphilitic therapy. In the beginning of his career in Kiel, Quincke gave lectures not only in internal medicine but also in dermatology and venerology, pediatrics, bacteriology and public health, until chairs were established for these disciplines. Quincke was for four terms Dean of the medical faculty and in 1900 Rector of the University of Kiel.

Angioedema↗
PubMed2000

[The importance of Arnold Pick for modern concepts of degenerative dementia. Retrospect and appreciation].

It will be shown that the contribution of Arnold Pick (1851-1924) goes far beyond the first description of the disorder associated with his name. His view that the process of dementia should not be conceptualised as a diffuse degradation of mental abilities but as a mosaic of circumscribed neuropsychological deficits is as modern now as it was then and is a prerequisite for the differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias during life.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2001

[Pott triad and Schmorl nodules. A historical overview of kyphosis with special reference to tuberculous spondylitis and Scheuermann disease].

This report provides an overview of the history of the different types of kyphosis (arcuated and angulated forms). Especially tuberculous spondylitis and Scheuermann's disease are pointed out from among the large group of kyphotic diseases. Therefore, Beckhterew's disease, the combination of rickets and kyphosis as well as the dysraphic diseases and constitutional kyphosis caused by faulty posture are only mentioned. These two special types of kyphosis (Scheuermann's disease and tuberculous spondylitis) are presented from the first description with diagnostic findings, the ideas of pathogenesis and aspects of treatment through to the different periods of medical history. This article describes the way of thinking and discussing of opinion leaders at the beginning of the century and the influence of new techniques and developments (asepsis, antisepsis, anesthesia, bacteriology, X-ray, antibiotics) on the differential diagnosis and therapy. It is impossible to give a complete overview of all aspects during the centuries concerning tuberculous spondylitis or arcuated kyphosis. The authors of this article have focussed their studies on developments from the first descriptions until World War II, based mainly on literature from German journals and historical books from the library of the German Museum for Orthopedic History and Science.

Eponyms↗
PubMed1997

Early limb salvage: open tibia fractures of Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) and Percivall Pott (1714-1789).

Ambroise Paré and Percivall Pott were preeminent clinicians, writers, and educators who advanced the cause of surgery through their independent thinking and insightful observations. In addition to their legacies and numerous enduring contributions, both men sustained open tibial fractures that were successfully managed during times when most often amputation was prescribed for such injuries. This article explores their lives and their fractures.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1996

[Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen. Biography and significance of his osteopathologic work after more than 100 years].

Even today the name of F.D. von Recklinghausen is often mentioned in connection with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. He was one of the first physicians and scientists to render outstanding services to the classification of structural changes of bones, and in many aspects his work remains valid today. He succeeded through precise and comparative studies in making the disease and symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism known and thus distinguishing it from other known structural bone diseases. He also described the phenomenon of "bone remodeling" which has become relevant today again. Although his written macroscopic and microscopic observations include meticulously precise differentiations which make it difficult to study them today, they are still of interest in order to follow his basic ideas. This article does not constitute a comprehensive biography, but it contains a description of F.D. von Recklinghausen's important work on bone pathology against the background of the main stages of his life.

Bone and Bones↗