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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cardiac echinococcosis: echocardiographic diagnosis with a fatal clinical outcome.

Hydatid disease HD is an endemic disease found in various regions of the world. The organs mostly affected are the liver and lung. Cardiac involvement in HD is rare. The symptoms are mainly due to the mass effect of the calcific hydatid cyst obstructing the blood or the lymphatic vessels. Other manifestations are secondary infection or cyst rupture in the involved organ. Here, we report a middle aged female patient with no history of medical illness who presented to the emergency room with an unrecordable blood pressure. Echocardiogram showed multiple calcific cysts of echinococcosis granulosa in the left ventricle cavity. In the clinical setting, where there is detection of HD elsewhere in the body, an echocardiogram is mandatory as cardiac involvement is serious and may be fatal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing the response to chemotherapy in human cystic echinococcosis.

As the effectiveness of mebendazole and albendazole in patients with echinococcosis has been found to vary, we investigated some of the factors likely to be responsible. A total of 79 patients who were treated with mebendazole (44 patients) or albendazole (35 patients) were included in the study. Evaluation of the treatment results was based on the changes in cyst morphology, as evidenced by the results of X-ray radiography, sonography, and computed tomography, and on analysis of the findings in relation to parasitic and drug factors. The response of cysts according to their site did not vary much, with the exception of the poor response of bone cysts. A more important factor seems to be cyst size, since the treatment was more efficacious against smaller and younger cysts. The presence of daughter cysts should be regarded as an unfavourable factor for treatment response. Cyst multiplicity did not present insurmountable difficulties, provided the cysts were small and a prolonged course of therapy was undergone. The choice of drug used for the therapy was important, with the results supporting the advantage of albendazole. In planning the chemotherapy of hydatid disease, factors such as cyst condition and drug used should therefore be taken into consideration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Socioeconomic and behavior risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan communities in Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Data from two cross-sectional investigations on 7,138 subjects were used to explore risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Tibetan communities. The overall human AE prevalence was 3.1% (223 of 7,138), females had a higher prevalence (3.6%, 132 of 3,713) than males (2.7%, 91 of 3,425; P = 0.011), and herdsmen had a higher prevalence (5.2%, 154 of 2,955) than farmers (1.8%, 12 of 661; P < 0.001) and urban populations (2.1%, 49 of 2,360; P < 0.001). Age in all populations, number of dogs kept, fox skin ownership in farmers, not preventing flies from landing on food in herdsmen, using open streams as drinking water sources, and playing with dogs in urban populations were statistically significant risk factors. The results suggest that AE is highly endemic in the eastern Tibetan plateau, in Sichuan Province, the role of the dog is important for human infection, and other factors associated with environmental contamination may vary according to structure and practices of communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The evaluation of concentrations IL-5 and IL-6 in echinococcosis].

The immune system, its cellular and humoral response, is engaged by the host organism to fight against parasitic invasions. The group examined consisted of 24 patients (19 women and 5 men) aged 26-69 years infected with Echinococcus granulosus. The diagnosis was established basing on serological examination. Blood for analysis was collected before antiparasitic treatment. Control group consisted of 40 healthy people (22 women and 18 men) aged 20-45 years. The concentration of IgE were assayed using a set of VIDAS (the ELFA method). The concentration of IL-5, IL-6 were assayed using a set of Quantikine human (R&D Systems). The study demonstrated that in echinococcosis the concentrations of IgE, IL-5 and IL-6 contents in blood serum was higher 10-, 2- and 3-times, respectively than in healthy controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Updates on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Italy.

An update on Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) diffusion in Italy during 2003-2005 is reported. CE seems to have a sporadic diffusion in the northern part of the country where this disease plays a minor role (prevalence < 1%). Recent investigations have shown the occurrence of CE cases in humans from the mountains between Reggio Emilia and Modena, with an average year incidence between 9.4 and 5.6/100,000. In Abruzzo prevalences in sheep and cattle are 20.2% and 15.3%, with a fertility of 4.6% and 1.3%, respectively. In the same region, G1 and G3 strains were identified and a prevalence of 31% in dogs was found with CaELISA. In Campania, CE prevalence was 14.8% in cattle, with no viable cysts recovered, and 10.5% in water buffaloes, with a fertility of 1.4%. Biotechnologies allowed to find G1 and G3 strains in water buffaloes. In Sicily, CE was found in 67.1% of cattle, with a fertility of 4%, and in 57.6% of sheep, with 9.2% of viable cysts. Biomolecular investigations have found G1 strain in sheep and cattle. In dogs, a prevalence of 5.6% for Echinococcus granulosus was reported. In Sardinia CE prevalence was 75.3% in sheep and 41.5% in cattle, with a fertility of 10.3% and 2.6%, respectively. CE was found also in 9.4% of pigs, with fertility of 6.5%. The G1 strain was recovered in sheep and cattle while the G7 in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical finding and treatment of festered hepatic echinococcosis].

Results of treatment of 72 patients with festered hepatic echinococcosis were analyzed. Ultrasonic examination was the main method of examination. Method of residual cavity liquidation was determined by localization of cyst. Original method of liquidation of residual cavity using omentum and oxygen insufflations has been successfully applied in 21 patients. Open methods of residual cavity liquidation are often accompanied by complications (bile-purulent fistulas, residual purulent cavities, long period of treatment).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Treatment policy for postoperative complications in patients with hepatic echinococcosis and bile duct affection].

Results of surgical treatment of 277 patients with hepatic echinococcosis and bile duct affection demonstrated that the rate of specific postoperative complications depends on duration of the disease, location and size of the parasitic cyst, changes in the cyst (suppuration, calcification), and also on the level of the lesion in the bile ducts. They were seen in the lesion of the segmental ducts 1.5 times less (18%) often than in the lesion of the hepatic ducts (25.7%). Early diagnosis, adequate surgical treatment, characteristics of pathological alterations in the cyst and bile ducts influence treatment outcomes. Postoperative complications arose in 25.9% cases with lethality 1.4%. These complications were diagnosed 6 times less often after elimination of the residual cavity, suturing of bile fistulas or other methods (resection, pericyctectomy) application than after drainage of the residual cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Suggestions concerning serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in Poland].

It has been suggested to change the present way of serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in Poland which utilizes immunoelectrophoresis for confirmation of positive results in a screening test. Diagnostic procedure should be indicated with a sensitive test, such as indirect haemagglutination or immunoenzymatic assay, and every positive result should be verifies later using a Western-blot method in order to detect the most specific reaction with 8 kDa fraction of Echinococcus antigen. Further diferentiation of the infecting species may be accomplished with the aid of Em2 plus ELISA test which detects antibodies specific for E. multilocularis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical value of Echinococcus granulosus--specific immunoglobulin G antibody avidity in liver cystic echinococcosis].

Role of E. granulosus-specific IgG antibody avidity in evaluation of a natural history of the parasite cysts in the liver, duration of infection and immunogenic cysts activity was studied. Thirty-one patients with liver cysts suspected of echinococcosis were examined; E. granulosus infection was finally confirmed by a fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgery in 29 cases (93.5%) and two non-parasitic simple cysts in the liver were diagnosed. E. granulosus-specific IgG antibody was found in 21 patients (67.7%). High IgG avidity values were observed in 14 patients with liver cysts in a degeneration stage confirmed by imaging techniques. Low IgG avidity values were mostly detected in children with hypoechogenic echinococcal cysts being in a recent stage of infection. Determination of anti-E. granulosus immunoglobulin G antibody avidity is a very usefull diagnostic tool for a determination of parasitic cysts activity and their developmental age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Management of echinococcosis.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by larval forms of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and transmitted by dogs. In humans, the disease is characterized by slowly growing cyst commonly occurring in liver and lungs. Clinical features of hepatic hydatid cyst are mainly right upper quadrant pain, feeling of lump and enlarged tender liver. The cyst may be complicated by infection or rupture and may lead to anaphylactic reaction. Ultrasonography supported by serology is the main diagnostic modality. Treatment of univesicular cyst is predominantly medical or percutaneous. Percutaneous treatment (PAIR) is safe and effective and complications are infrequent. For multivesicular and complicated cyst surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

Serum malondialdehyde level in patients with cystic echinococcosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level for the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE). METHODS: The study was conducted on patients with CE before the surgical treatment. Anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were determined by serological method. We assayed MDA activities measured of 57 subjects and matched in 45 healthy controls. This study took place in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Balcali Hospital in Adana, Turkey, between March 2004 and October 2005. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD of MDA levels of patients with CE was 6.70 +/- 1.66 and healthy controls was 2.53 +/- 0.43. The difference between MDA levels of patients and controls was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The high infection/control ratio of MDA concentration and the significant correlation strongly indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of tissue damage in cases of CE. Our study highlights the usefulness of serum markers to investigate complex pathological situations, including distinct forms of chronic liver inflammation associated with CE.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Tick-borne encephalitis, rabies, and echinococcosis in Switzerland].

Swiss guidelines have been published recently for Lyme disease, but three other zoonoses have motivated a particular attention lately because they cause or might cause illnesses in Switzerland. The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis is clearly increasing since 2004. The vaccination of persons living or residing temporally in risk areas is now routinely recommended. Although eradicated in wild mammals since 1996, rabies still constitutes a threat through bats and illegally imported pets. The epidemiology of echinococcosis is influenced by the increase in fox populations in urban areas. This could result in a higher prevalence of the disease in dogs and thus a higher risk of exposure for humans.

Echinococcosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment in the rupture of suppurating hepatic echinococcosis into the abdominal cavity].

The rational surgical methods of treatment in 85 patients with suppurative hepatic echinococcosis penetrating into the abdomen cavity are presented. The own author's techniques strictly individualized in each case are described in details. The classification of the variants of the complications and their clinical features are given. The advantage of the presented surgical methods has been proved by a reduction in the period of treatment, the number of intraabdominal complications and mortality rate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiodiagnosis of echinococcosis of the lungs].

The paper is devoted to analysis of radio-diagnostic findings of 79 patients with parietal round pulmonary formations. All the patients were investigated by x-ray and ultrasound, perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs with a postural test was performed in 43 of them. Diagnostic x-ray and echographic methods were compared and evaluated in terms of defining the origin of pulmonary formations. The origin of pulmonary formations was established by x-ray in 50 of 79 patients (63.3 per cent) whereas ultrasound findings proved correct in 74 of 79 patients (93.6 per cent). Perfusion scintigraphy can be recommended to patients with pulmonary echinococcosis only for limited indications when a necessity arises to assess the lesser circulatory state in terms of patients' functional operability.

Echinococcosis, Pulmonary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble IL-2-receptor and CD8 in the serum and the periparasitic granuloma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis.

Cellular immunity plays a key role in the defence against the larva of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. This larva is responsible for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver, a rare parasitic disease which occurs in endemic areas including European alpine countries, Alaska, the USSR, Western China and Northern Japan. We have shown a marked decrease of the CD8+ T-cell population in the blood and we have described an infiltrate composed mainly of activated CD8+ T-cells in the liver lesions of most patients with AE. In this study, we assessed the serum level of soluble IL-2-receptor (sIL-2R) and CD8 (sCD8) in 37 patients (23 men, 14 women, mean age 59.5 yrs) with a histologically proven AE. The results, obtained using sandwich ELISA, were compared to those of healthy controls and correlated to parameters evaluating the severity of the disease. The mean serum levels of sIL-2R were significantly higher in AE patients than in controls. There was a significant correlation between sIL-2R levels and both the volume of parasitic lesions and a calculated index of severity of the disease. The mean serum levels of sCD8 did not differ significantly from the values obtained in controls. These results indicate that the infiltration of the liver by CD8+ T-lymphocytes is not associated with an increased release of sCD8 into the serum. The circulating levels of sIL-2R appear to reflect the extent as well as the severity of the disease. Immunostaining of the cells of the periparasitic granuloma suggests that the cell origin of the sIL-2R could be macrophages rather than T-lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatic resection for alveolar echinococcosis].

The authors report their experience with 20 patients who underwent liver resection for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver from June 1982 to March 1991. Resection was radical in 9 patients and non radical in 11 patients. The 9 patients treated by radical resection are alive. 8 patients are symptom-free and disease-free when one patient with a parasitic recurrence underwent another radical resection. Among the 11 patients treated by non radical resection, 4 of them died during the follow-up period, the cause of the death being related to the disease in 3 cases and non related in one case. When feasible, radical liver resection is the best form of therapy. When massive parasitic invasion precludes radical hepatectomy, non radical resection associated if necessary with percutaneous procedures should be considered before embarking on orthotopic liver transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Parasitoses and development: malaria and echinococcosis].

After having placed emphasis on the cyclic oscillations characterizing the interest of the scientific and political world for parasitology, the author analyzes the various standpoints from which parasitic diseases, and above all malaria, have been dealt with ever since the beginning of this century. Specific criticism is addressed to the military model, which has provided the basis for many eradication campaigns. The author also analyzes the "vicious circle theory", which labelled the activity of the WHO in its first decade of life, and which assumed that breaking the disease and underdevelopment circle was possible by acting mainly or even exclusively on endemic and debilitating diseases. Both these models were tested with success in Sardinia with the 1947-49 antimalaria campaign. However, socio-economic development of the island did not occur as expected, and attempts to export the same approaches to other parts of the world soon disclosed their limitations, leading to major failures. The experience on the fight against echinococcosis is subsequently examined. The conclusions drawn are that many successes may be obtained through a systemic rather than a sectorial approach; and that a "conflicting cohabitation" with diseases is foreseen as a long-lasting reality, and must thus be controlled with the appropriate means.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1991

[Peritoneal echinococcosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Apropos of 34 cases].

By the light of retrospective study of a series of 34 cases of peritoneal echinococcosis the authors are reminding epidemiological, etiopathologenical, diagnostic difficulties and treatment of this endemic affection in their country. In their study they noted a frequency of 4.5%. With a female predominance (73.5%), the main age was 47 years 80% of the patients were noted to have a rural origin. The treatment was conservative for the primitive kyste as for the peritoneal locations. The post operative course was uneventful in 76% of cases and complicated in 24% (subphrenic abscess in 5 cases and cholerragy in 2 cases). They deplored 3 deaths the follow up was assured clinically; echographically and biologically; they have reoperated 9 relapses.

Adult↗