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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of some organic ammonium salts and amine oxides in the SOS chromotest.

The effect of two organic ammonium salts, (1-methyldodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (ATDBr) and tetramethylammonium bromide (TMABr), as well as that of two amine oxides, (1-methyl-dodecyl)dimethylamine oxide (ATDNO) and trimethylamine oxide (TMANO) on the induction of the SOS system in Escherichia coli PQ 37 (SOS chromotest) was examined. The compound with the long alkyl chain in the molecule (ATDBr) showed genotoxic activity in all concentrations tested. In the second group of the amphiphilic compounds tested, amine oxides, no effect of the length of the alkyl chain upon the studied activity was ascertained.

Amines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary metabolic pathways of methylated amines in Hyphomicrobium vulgare].

As was established by isotopic and ezymatic studies, there are some common features and certain differences in primary metabolic pathways of methanol, methylamine and trimethylamine in Hyphomicrobium vulgare ZV. Assimilation of the carbon of these compounds at the level of formaldehyde through the serine cycle is in common, formaldehyde being partly oxidized to CO2. The differences are manifested in the steps of conversion of C1-substrates prior to formaldehyde formation. The carbon of methanol enters the serine cycle immediately after the oxidation to formaldehyde. In the case of methyl-amine N-methylation of glutamate firstly occurs and gamma-glutamylmethylamide and N-methylglutamate are formed. Trimethylamine is oxidized by phenazine methosulphate-linked dehydrogenase to dimethylamine and then to methylamine by NADPH-dependent mono-oxygenase. Here two formaldehyde units are liberated which enter directly the serine cycle. The third formaldehyde unit is formed from methylamine via N-methyl-glutamate pathway.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

Sibutramine: a novel anti-obesity drug. A review of the pharmacological evidence to differentiate it from d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine.

Sibutramine (BTS 54 524; N-[1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl]-N,N-dimethylamine hydrochloride monohydrate) is a novel 5-HT (serotonin) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) anti-obesity drug. Sibutramine reduces the food intake of rodents and this effect is partially or completely reversed by pretreating with 5-HT or noradrenaline antagonists, indicating that both neurotransmitters are involved in sibutramine's hypophagic effect. In addition, fluoxetine and nisoxetine, which are selective reuptake inhibitors of 5-HT and noradrenaline, respectively, have no effect on food intake when given alone, but they profoundly inhibit food intake when given in combination (equivalent to the actions of the SNRI, sibutramine), demonstrating a synergistic interaction of those two monoamines in the control of ingestive behaviour. Sibutramine reduces food intake by enhancing the physiological response of post-ingestive satiety. This reduction of food intake is a CNS-mediated effect because it is induced by intracerebroventricular injection of sibutramine's potently active secondary and primary amine metabolites (BTS 54 354 and BTS 54 505). Sibutramine increases energy expenditure (thermogenesis) in rats. Once again, whilst fluoxetine and nisoxetine have no thermogenic effect when given alone, the combination of these two selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors profoundly enhances thermogenesis, demonstrating a synergistic interaction of 5-HT and noradrenaline neurotransmission in the regulation of energy expenditure. Sibutramine-induced thermogenesis is abolished by administration of a high non-selective dose of atenolol or ICI 118,551 which blocks beta3-adrenoceptors in addition to beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors, but not by a low dose of atenolol or ICI 118,551 which blocks beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors, respectively. Glucose utilization studies demonstrate that sibutramine-induced thermogenesis is mediated via selective sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue, and it is a centrally mediated effect because it is prevented by pretreating the animals with the ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine. The SNRI mode of action of sibutramine is clearly differentiated from those of the two major classes of anti-obesity drugs, viz, the 5-HT releasing agents, for example, fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, and the noradrenaline + dopamine-releasing agents, for example, dexamphetamine. In the case of the 5-HT-releasing agents, this mechanism has been linked in animal studies to profound and prolonged depletion and dysfunction of CNS 5-HT neurons. With noradrenaline + dopamine-releasing agents, it is the enhancement of central dopaminergic function which is believed to be responsible for their stimulant, rewarding and reinforcing properties and it is their releasing mechanism which makes them such powerful psychostimulant drugs of abuse. By utilizing noradrenaline and 5-HT for its anti-obesity effects, sibutramine is differentiated from other weight-reducing drugs which act through either 5-HT alone or noradrenaline + dopamine. In addition, sibutramine is further differentiated because it enhances monoamine function by reuptake inhibition, rather than by monoamine release.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective determination of secondary amines as their N-diethylthiophosphoryl derivatives by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.

A selective and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of secondary amines by gas chromatography (GC). After removal of primary amines by the reaction with o-phthaldialdehyde, secondary amines were converted into their N-diethylthiophosphoryl derivatives and then measured by GC with flame photometric detection using a DB-1701 capillary column. The derivatives were sufficiently volatile and stable to give single symmetrical peaks. The detection limits of secondary amines were ca. 0.05-0.2 pmol per injection. N-Methylcyclohexylamine was used as an internal standard. The calibration curves for secondary amines in the range 1-20 nmol were linear and sufficiently reproducible for quantitative determination. This method was successfully applied to small urine samples without prior clean-up. Overall recoveries of secondary amines added to urine samples were 91-105%. By using this method, secondary amines in urine samples could be analysed without any influence from primary amines and other coexisting substances. The analytical results of secondary amine content in urine samples of normal subjects are presented.

Amines↗
PubMed2005

Hoechst 33258 as a pH-sensitive probe to study the interaction of amine oxide surfactants with DNA.

The use of Hoechst 33258 (HO) as a fluorescent probe to characterize the interactions between DNA and pH-sensitive amphiphiles is discussed. In the case of amine oxide amphiphiles dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) and p-dodecyloxybenzyldimethylamine oxide (pDoAO), the decrease in fluorescence emission, which signals DNA-amphiphile association, is accompanied by a large hypsochromic shift in the emission maximum of the bound probe; this eventually reaches a value characteristic of HO in a neutral or slightly basic environment. These findings are compared to results obtained by using the more common ethidium bromide (EB) probe, which shows no such shift. Circular dichroism and fluorescence depolarization experiments indicate that fluorescence emission only occurs from the DNA-bound probe, and the observed shift in emission maximum when using HO as a fluorescent probe is due to a variation in the local pH in the vicinity of the probe.

Bisbenzimidazole↗
PubMed2007

Ca2+- and ba2+-ligand coordinated unilamellar, multilamellar, and oligovesicular vesicles.

Ca(2+)- and Ba(2+)-coordinated vesicle phases were prepared in mixed aqueous solutions of tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C(14)DMAO) and calcium oleate (Ca(OA)(2)) or barium oleate (Ba(OA)(2)). At the right mixing ratios, metal-ligand coordination between Ca(OA)(2) or Ba(OA)(2) and C(14)DMAO results in the formation of molecular bilayers due to the reduction in area per head group. Ca(2+) and Ba(2+) tightly associate to the head groups of surfactants and in this system the bilayer membranes are not shielded by excess salts. The structures of the birefringent samples of the Ca(OA)(2)/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O and Ba(OA)(2)/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O systems were determined by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological measurements to consist of unilamellar, multilamellar, and oligovesicular vesicles. The coordination between C(14)DMAO and Ba(OA)(2) or Ca(OA)(2) plays an important role in the formation of the vesicles, which was easily confirmed by studying the phase behavior of the KOA/C(14)DMAO/H(2)O system in which only the L(1) phase forms, due to the absence of coordination between KOA and C(14)DMAO. A mechanism is proposed that accounts for the formation of these new metal-ligand coordinated vesicles.

Barium↗