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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lymph node counts, rates of positive lymph nodes, and patient survival for colon cancer surgery in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study assessed lymph node counts, lymph node status (positive or negative), and survival among patients undergoing colon cancer surgery in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We obtained data from the Ontario Cancer Registry on 960 patients who underwent a major colon cancer resection in years 1991-1993. Patients and hospitals were ranked by lymph node count to correlate lymph node counts and lymph node status. For node-negative patients we assessed the influence of patient, hospital, and tumor factors on lymph node counts and survival. RESULTS: The rate of node-positive patients was similar among the lymph node count groups. For example, the odds ratio of a patient being node positive if the lymph node count was 10-36 versus 1-3 was 1.0 (CI 0.6-1.6, P = 0.42). Among node-negative patients, survival was improved for patients with a high (10-36) versus low (1-3) lymph node count (HR 0.6, CI 0.4-1.0, P = 0.03). No patient, hospital, or tumor factors predicted both a higher lymph node count and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study of patients undergoing colon cancer surgery, higher lymph node counts did not correlate with increased rates of node-positive status.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Changes in serotonin dynamics in the gastrointestinal tract of colon-26 tumour-bearing mice: effects of cisplatin treatment.

Severe nausea and vomiting are common side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been used for the treatment of these gastrointestinal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine whether specific changes in serotonin dynamics occurred in the gastrointestinal tract in mice in which Colon-26 adenocarcinoma cells were injected s.c., especially after treatment with cisplatin. The serotonin content of the small intestine of mice inoculated s.c. with Colon-26 adenocarcinoma increased significantly 2 weeks after the inoculation of the tumor cells; this was associated with an increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity and the number of enterochromaffin cells as compared with control mice. Intravenous injection of cisplatin significantly reduced the serotonin content in the small intestine of Colon-26 tumour-bearing mice but not in control mice. The spontaneous release of serotonin from isolated intestine was not different between Colon-26 tumour-bearing and control mice; however, pretreatment of mice with cisplatin induced two fold increases in serotonin release from duodenum, jejunum and ileum in Colon-26 tumour-bearing mice but not in control mice. These results indicate that a region-specific increase in the number of enterochromaffin cells is observed in the intestine of Colon-26 tumour-bearing mice, associated with an increase in the serotonin content and tryptophan hydroxylase activity. Cisplatin treatment induced the release of serotonin from affected enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which may be related to the occurrence of nausea in clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Insufficient ability of omental milky spots to prevent peritoneal tumor outgrowth supports omentectomy in minimal residual disease.

BACKGROUND: The greater omentum is frequently involved in the course of gastrointestinal and ovarian tumors. Therefore, common practice in surgical treatment for especially gastric and ovarian cancer includes removal of the greater omentum. Paradoxically, many immune cells, such as macrophages that accumulate in so-called milky spots, reside within the omentum and are cytotoxic against tumor cells ex vivo. Consequently, omental macrophages might play an important role in killing tumor cells, and may hereby prevent development into local peritoneal recurrences. In the present study, we therefore evaluated the role of the omentum and the clinical relevance of omentectomy in minimal residual disease (MRD). METHODS: Tumor cell dissemination patterns on the omentum in a rat model were examined using DiI-labelled CC531s tumor cells. Additionally, intra peritoneal (i.p.) tumor load was investigated in rats that underwent omentectomy or sham laparotomy followed by i.p. injection of CC531s cells on day 21, which represented MRD. RESULTS: At 4 h post injection, tumor cells predominantly adhered on milky spots. Number of cells thereafter declined rapidly suggesting initial tumor killing functions in these specific immune aggregates. Despite initial reduction observed in milky spots, numbers of tumor cells however increased at fatty tissue stripes that border the omentum. This indicated proliferation at these locations, which corresponded to macroscopic observations of the omenta on day 21 after tumor cell injection. Omentectomy resulted in reduced intra-abdominal tumor load, which was completely attributable to the absence of the omentum, as tumor development did not differ on other sites. Even in the MRD group microscopic clusters of tumor cells located in the omentum eventually developed into macroscopic nodules. CONCLUSION: Since the ability of omental milky spots is, even in MRD, insufficient to prevent intra abdominal tumor outgrowth, omentectomy, which reduces tumor load, is recommended in surgical treatment of intra abdominal tumors that are prone to disseminate intraperitoneally.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Hypoplasia of the right hepatic lobe combined with a floating gallbladder.

Agenesis or hypoplasia of the right hepatic lobe combined with a floating gallbladder is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of hypoplasia of the right hepatic lobe, discovered in a 65-year old female. This was an incidental finding at CT scan for staging of a right colonic cancer. The CT evidenced the presence of a hypoplastic right lobe, while the left lobe was diffusely enlarged. Furthermore, the gallbladder was described as floating with partially calcified walls. The diagnosis of this rare anomaly was confirmed intraoperatively. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy. Biopsies were taken from both right and left hepatic lobes, revealing the presence of normal hepatic parenchyma. Since all causes of acquired atrophy of the liver had been ruled out, we considered this case to be of congenital origin.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1976

Controlled study of CCNU and radiation therapy in malignant astrocytoma.

The authors report 63 patients with biopsy-proved malignant (Grades 3 and 4) astrocytomas who were randomly placed in one of three treatment schedules within 2 weeks of surgery. One group (22 patients) received radiation therapy alone; the second group (22 patients) received 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) orally at intervals of 8 weeks; and the third group (19 patients) received combined radiation and drug therapy. Patients who received radiation therapy, with or without the drug, had a significantly longer survival than did those who received the drug alone. There was no difference in survival between the two groups who received radiation. The nitrosourea derivative CCNU does not seem to be an effective agent in the therapy of primary malignant brain tumors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Locally advanced and recurrent pelvic colorectal carcinoma: results of aggressive surgical treatment].

Pelvic exenteration has been described as a formidable procedure in cases of advanced or recurrent pelvic cancers for a variety of primary tumors, including colorectal, gynaecologic and urologic. We report our 14-year experience in a community hospital with 37 cases who underwent pelvic exenteration for recurrent (n = 15) or locally advanced (n = 22) colorectal cancers. At a median follow-up of 36 months, the median survival was 24 and 36 months, respectively, and the 5-year actuarial survival was 18% and 44%.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Serum levels of tumor markers and presence of human antimouse antibodies: implications for diagnosis and treatment with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies.

Our study is based on 100 radioimmunodetections and five immunotherapies in 84 patients with advanced carcinomas. We used a monoclonal anti-CEA F(ab')2 and anti-CA 19.9 F(ab')2 antibody "cocktail" in 75% of the cases and monoclonal anti-alpha FP, anti-beta HCG, and OC 125 F(ab')2 antibodies in the other cases. In all cases, we determined plasma tumor marker levels immediately before imaging. The positivity of the scans was analyzed in relation to the levels of plasma markers. We found that the imaging should be planned only in the cases in which marker levels exceed minimum thresholds. We developed an enzymoimmunologic assay to measure antimouse antibodies. We found that patients who received monoclonal antibodies developed in the mouse produce such antimouse antibodies. The kinetics of this production are analyzed to define the optimal sequence for more than one administration of monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Trends in cancer mortality in Switzerland, 1951-1984.

Trends in overall age-standardized, truncated (35-64 years) and age-specific (40 to 49) cancer death certification rates in Switzerland from 1951 to 1984 were analysed. There was a substantial rise in lung cancer mortality in males, with an over 100% increase in overall rates. Thus, in the early 1980's, lung cancer alone accounted for 26% of all cancer deaths in Swiss males. However, male lung cancer rates tended to level off in subsequent cohorts starting from younger middle age in the late 1960's. In females, lung cancer mortality was approximately ten times lower than in males, but rates had been consistently rising since the late 1960's in all age groups. Declines were observed for several neoplasms of the digestive tract: besides stomach (overall decline 68% in males, 77% in females), trends were markedly downwards also for oesophageal cancer in males (-57%), and there was some moderate fall for intestinal sites in both sexes and gallbladder in females. Several trends for other common neoplasms were similar to those observed in other developed countries, such as the declines for (cervix) uteri, the general stability for breast cancer, or the increases in pancreatic cancer and (melanoma) of the skin. A peculiar feature of Swiss data, besides the marked decline in oesophageal cancer in males, was the consistent downward trend in thyroid cancer for both sexes. Thus, overall age-standardized total cancer mortality over the last three decades was moderately upwards in Swiss males, but consistently downwards in females. Male trends were more reassuring in middle age, chiefly in consequence of the flattening in lung cancer rises. Possible interpretations of these trends in terms of aetiological hypotheses (i.e., changes in alcohol drinking and improvements in diet for oesophageal cancer, or reduced prevalence of iodine deficiency for thyroid neoplasms) are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Regenerative behavior of the human digestive tract under different pathologic conditions. In vitro autoradiographic study].

Tissue samples were obtained by operation on 23 patients with gastric and colonic carcinomas as well as gastric ulcers and polyps in the gastro-intestinal tract. The samples were taken from the pathological area and the "healthy" mucosa, respectively, 2 cm as the standardized distance from the respective place of finding. They were examined by means of in vitro-autoradiography with 3H-thymidine. The marking indiced obtained for benign, and malignant, tumours exceed distinctly the corrected labelled indiced of the normal mucous membrane. The marking values of the mucosa in the histologically inconspicuous vicinity of the carcinoma equal the carcinoma values. In correspondence to autoradiographic investigations by other authors and appropriate biopsy examinations in the neighbouring tumour regions, the in vitro-autoradiography is suggested to have some importance for the diagnosis of tumours.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1982

Dibromodulcitol and adriamycin +/- tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer.

The therapeutic effectiveness of combining tamoxifen with a combination chemotherapy regimen was tested in 135 patients with advanced breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. Patients were randomly allocated to received dibromodulcitol + Adriamycin (DA, 55 patients) or DA + tamoxifen (DAT, 67 patients). An additional 13 patients less than 50 years of age were assigned to DAT (DATN). Pretreatment characteristics were similar across both regimens. DAT and DATN yielded similar results in the less than 50-year-old cohort. DAT tended to be superior to DA with respect to response rate (55% versus 36%, p = 0.004), time to treatment failure (medians: 170 days versus 110 days, log rank p = 0.001), responders' time to treatment failure (360 days versus 220 days, p = 0.035), and survival (340 days versus 270 days, p = 0.18). Toxicity was similar in both regimens. Thus, addition of tamoxifen to a second-line DA regimen appears to increase the therapeutic effectiveness. It is suggested that the addition of this antiestrogen to other chemotherapy regimens would also be beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of fat intake in retrospective epidemiological studies.

The evidence on the positive association between fat intake and the risk of several cancers, including cancer of the breast, digestive tract and female genital tract, is substantial. Further, the interpretation of some null associations is hampered by various difficulties in the evaluation of the fat and cancer link.

Bias↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics and experimental PET imaging of a bromine-76-labeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody.

UNLABELLED: Bromine-76 is potentially useful as a radiolabel for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in PET imaging. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 76Br-labeled anticarcinoembryonic antigen (-CEA) MAb 38S1 as a tumor imaging agent in an experimental tumor model and to study the pharmacokinetics of 76Br-38S1 in comparison with 125I-38S1. METHODS: Nude rats carrying human colon carcinoma xenografts were co-injected with directly labeled 76Br-38S1 and 125I-38S1. Biodistribution of labeled 38S1 was monitored for 4 days after administration, in the case of 76Br activity, including PET imaging. In addition, catabolism of radiolabeled MAbs was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography of blood plasma and homogenized tissues. RESULTS: Tumor sites could be readily identified by PET imaging from 46 hr after administration of 76Br-38S1 and onwards. The concentration of 76Br activity in tumors, blood and most normal tissues was higher than the corresponding 125I concentration at all time points. This was mainly due to catabolism of radiolabeled MAb, resulting in free radiohalides, of which 76Br- was retained in contrast to the rapidly excreted 125I- ion. CONCLUSION: Bromine-76-labeled anti-CEA MAbs may be applied for experimental tumor imaging with PET.

Adenocarcinoma↗