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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease mainly affects the bowel but also has extraintestinal manifestations. AIMS: To report the frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece. PATIENTS; The data files of 256 inflammatory bowel disease patients (diagnosis between 1983-19971 were analysed. METHODS: Retrospective investigation of patient files. RESULTS: In patients with ulcerative colitis: 13.9% (30/215) had developed skin manifestations, 6% (13/215) had kidney stones, 1.39% (3/215) had iridocyclitis, 1.86% (4/215) had primary sclerosing cholangitis, 4.18% (9/215) had sacroiliitis, 8.31% (18/215) had peripheral arthalgias, 2.3% (5/215) had colitic arthritis and finally 1.39% (3/215) had deep vein thrombosis). In patients with Crohn's disease: 24.3% (9/37) had developed skin manifestations, 5.4% (2/37) had kidney stones, 2.7% (1/37) had iridocyclitis, 16.2% (6/37) had sacroiliitis, 8.1% (3/37) had peripheral arthralgias, 5.4% (2/37) had colitic arthritis and, finally, 8.1% (3/37) had deep vein thrombosis. Sacroiliitis (p = 0.01), deep vein thrombosis (p = 0.04) and erythmema nodosum (p = 0.01) were more common in patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Extraintestinal manifestations are not rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially in Crohn's disease patients, in our area, but have, generally, a mild profile.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Phenotypic study on total and partial lifetime traits for dairy ewes.

A data file on 36,396 lactations was used to determine the strength of the phenotypic relationship between productive, reproductive and lifespan traits for 7935 Spanish Churra ewes. These ewes first lambed between 1989 and 1997 and belonged to 23 flocks. The study took into account four lifespan traits (lifetime, productive life, useful life and lifetime score), three productive traits (total milk yield produced during lifetime, lambs weaned during ewe lifetime and total revenues from sold milk and weaned lambs during lifetime) and two reproductive traits (age at first lambing and mean interval between successive lambings). Moreover, milk yield and revenues from sold milk and weaned lambs were calculated per day of lifetime, productive life and useful life. Partial lifespan traits were considered for the first three parities. The model included flock, birth year within flock and season of birth of the ewe as fixed effects. The first two effects contributed significantly to variation in all traits, while season significantly affected lifespan traits, productive traits and age at first lambing. Milk production level was added to the model for lifespan traits only. It significantly contributed to explaining the variation in all lifespan traits with high percentage of variance explained averaging 14.91%. Lifetime averaged 2324 d. Productive life accounted for 57% of lifetime while useful life represented 50% of productive life. Age at first lambing averaged 622 d and average days dry during lifetime was 560. During lifetime, ewes gave an average of 4.6 parities, 6.5 weaned lambs and 636 l of milk. Average revenue from milk and lambs during lifetime was 673 euros. Milk/day of lifetime, productive life and useful life averaged 0.26, 0.51 and 0.93 l, respectively. The corresponding per-day revenues from sold milk and weaned lambs were, 0.27 euros, 0.55 euros and 1.01 euros, respectively. Lifespan and productive traits had strong relationships (rp among these traits ranged between 0.75 and 0.95). Two-parity and three-parity per-day milk yield had moderately high correlation (0.70-0.83) with total lifetime per-day milk yield traits. Therefore, good use of these traits would be helpful in determining best individuals early in life.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

The Zurich long-term outcome study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in males.

BACKGROUND: Within the framework of developmental psychopathology the outcome of male former child and adolescent psychiatric patients at age 36 or 38 was studied in order to add to the limited knowledge in this field. METHODS: A total of 269 former child psychiatric patients of male sex and a control group of more than 2700 men, who were all born in 1952, were compared with regard to mortality, delinquency and adult psychiatric disorders. The study was based on case-file data from assessments conducted with the child and adolescent psychiatric patients and on adults, derived from either federal registers (mortality, delinquency) or army health records and records of the psychiatric facilities of the canton. The study is based on lifetime prevalence rates. RESULTS: The two samples did not differ with regard to mortality rates. Delinquency tended to be more prevalent and psychiatric disorders were significantly more prevalent among the former child psychiatric patients. Close to 10% of the latter group showed major delinquency, one-quarter was psychiatrically disturbed and 30% displayed one of these two indicators or maladjustment at least once during the follow-up period. A correspondence in pattern of varying between child and adult psychiatric spectrum disorders was observed. Whereas the type of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders did not predict adult maladjustment, there was some indication that deprived environments, broken homes and parental psychiatric disorders during childhood increased the likelihood of poor adult outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly underlines the long-term negative effects of child and adolescent mental abnormalities in males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Using administrative data bases for technology assessment in health care. Results of an international survey.

This study assesses the nature, use, and quality of large administrative data bases available in different countries for technology assessment in health care. Using postal questionnaires, data were collected describing 91 data bases from 15 countries. Current uses are promising, but more efforts are needed if the full potential of administrative data files is to be tapped.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2005

Development of ultrahigh-throughput NMR spectroscopic analysis utilizing capillary flow NMR technology.

An ultrahigh-throughput method for acquiring 1H NMR spectra is described. By constructing a continuous flow system utilizing an HPLC pump, autosampler, and a capillary flow NMR probe, it was possible to inject samples into the NMR spectrometer every 30 s using a continuous flow rate of 30 microL/min. 1H NMR spectroscopic data were acquired continuously into a pseudo-2D data file, with a 96-well-plate completed in <50 min. Spectra in continuous flow mode were readily obtained from approximately 3.4 mug (500 MHz), while the LOD was <850 ng. There was found to be little variation in either sample broadening within the flow system or signal intensities between multiple injections. This system offers several advantages over more conventional NMR spectroscopic analyses, notably the limited solvent required, high sensitivity, high speed, and improved spectral quality as a result of reduced spectral "dead" regions resulting from residual solvent levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

MET-IDEA: data extraction tool for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.

A current and significant limitation to metabolomics is the large-scale, high-throughput conversion of raw chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry datasets into organized data matrices necessary for further statistical processing and data visualization. This article describes a new data extraction tool, MET-IDEA (Metabolomics Ion-based Data Extraction Algorithm) which surmounts this void. MET-IDEA is compatible with a diversity of chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry systems, generates an output similar to traditional quantification methods, utilizes the sensitivity and selectivity associated with selected ion quantification, and greatly reduces the time and effort necessary to obtain large-scale organized datasets by several orders of magnitude. The functionality of MET-IDEA is illustrated using metabolomics data obtained for elicited cell culture exudates from the model legume, Medicago truncatula. The results indicate that MET-IDEA is capable of rapidly extracting semiquantitative data from raw data files, which allows for more rapid biological insight. MET-IDEA is freely available to academic users upon request.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

High-throughput bioanalytical LC/MS/MS determination of benzodiazepines in human urine: 1000 samples per 12 hours.

The analytical capabilities of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive and highly selective determination of target compounds in complex biological samples makes it well suited for high-throughput analysis. We report the fast separation of six benzodiazepines isolated from human urine via selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using short dwell times to accommodate fast-eluting chromatographic peaks. The analytes were extracted from human urine samples along with their deuterium-labeled internal standards by a simple liquid-liquid extraction in 96-well plates. Using four autosamplers coupled to one chromatographic column and one tandem mass spectrometer operated in the turbo ion spray mode with positive ion detection, 1152 samples (12 96-well plates) were analyzed in less than 12 h. Through an electronic switching box designed and constructed in-house, the autosamplers were synchronized with the mass spectrometer so that injections were made as soon as the mass spectrometer was ready to collect data. Each run required 30 s to complete with another 7-8 s for the data system to load the next data file to be collected. Chromatographic integrity and ion current response remained relatively constant for the duration of the analyses. The results show acceptable precision and accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of using fast separations with tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughout analysis of biological samples containing multiple analytes.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed2000

National data sources on the care and outcomes of patients with community acquired pneumonia.

Despite improved understanding and treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), variations in clinical practice and patient outcomes still exists, resulting in excess healthcare dollars spent and decreased patient satisfaction. The use of treatment and outcomes research data can help providers improve their methods and standardize techniques to control costs and provide the best care for their patients. To better understand the utility and capabilities of this research, this article will compare several administrative and clinical databases. Two, data sources in particular, the EPI-Q Inc. CAP-Compare database and the University HealthSystem Consortium's (UHC) CAP Benchmarking Program contain clinical and utilization data specific to CAP. In addition there are several government and non-government sponsored data sources that include administrative data on many diagnosis including CAP. These include: Healthcare Benchmarking Systems International's EXPLORE database, the Center for Healthcare Industry Performance Studies database, the National Center for Health Statistics'--National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review data files.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1998

Volumetric measurement of brain tumors from MR imaging.

Residual tumor volume has been considered important in predicting survival following brain surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for quantifying pre- and postsurgical brain tumor volumes that is less subjective than the traditional qualitative grading scale still used by surgeons and radiologists to assess extent of resection (such as gross total, subtotal, and partial resection). Pre- and postsurgical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging brain scans on GE Medical System optical disks were transferred to a Macintosh personal computer using a Pioneer optical disk drive subsystem, and the MedVision 1.41 computer software program was used to analyze regions of interest (ROIs) within them for computation of the volume of tumor tissue therein. Because this procedure puts the original MRI (or CT scan) data file for a patient directly into the personal computer, it bypasses the need for scanning and digitizing MR (or CT scan) film images. Between June 1993 and May 1996, pre- and postsurgical volumetric measurements were made in more than 1,000 brain tumor resection cases and 49 radiosurgery cases. The average intra-observer error was estimated to be 1.8%. This method should facilitate the examination of the effects of various therapies on extent of brain tumor resection. The method is fast, is more precise than intraoperative visual assessment of tumor removal or qualitative comparison of pre- and postoperative scans, and it allows the computation of pre- and postsurgical (three-dimensional) volumes of even irregularly shaped tumors.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Occupational mortality from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in the United States during 1991-1996.

The epidemiology of esophageal squamous cell cancer has remained poorly understood. The occupational distribution of this cancer may provide clues about its yet unknown etiology. Data files from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the United States offer a unique source to study causes of death, broken down by occupation and industry. The number of deaths from esophageal cancer was retrieved from the computerized US vital statistics. Mortality by occupation or industry was expressed as standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR), adjusted by age, gender, and ethnicity. Between 1991 and 1996, 63,717 subjects died from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mortality was particularly high among nonwhites and men. The industrial and the occupational distributions shared a similar pattern. Mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma occurred more frequently among subjects exposed to silica dust, such as brickmasons and stonemasons, concrete and terrazzo finishers, roofers, and construction laborers. It was also high in such industries as unspecified machinery or manufacturing and such occupations as unspecified material handlers, janitors, or cleaners. It was low in industries and occupations associated with agriculture, clergy, work in religious organizations, and textiles. In conclusion, mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma appeared to be low in occupations associated with less consumption of alcohol and tobacco. It was high among occupations potentially associated with exposure to silica dust and chemical solvents or detergents.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Monitoring changes in home health care: a comparison of two national surveys.

Home health care is the fastest growing component of medical care in the United States. To understand better the nature and scope of changes taking place in home health, two current national surveys are described and compared. The two federally sponsored surveys are the National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Computer data files from both surveys are publicly available.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Mortality among young immigrants to California: injury compared to disease deaths.

The authors "investigated adolescent and young adult immigrants' risk of death due to disease and injury.... The death certificates of 15- to 34-year-old California residents who died from 1989 through 1993 comprised the study population. Disease and injury deaths were identified using ICD-9 codes on the California Master Mortality data files. Frequencies and gender-standardized rates and risk ratios were calculated by nativity (U.S., non-U.S.) and by ethnicity and nativity." The results suggest that "young immigrants, at least in terms of mortality, do not constitute a burden in that they are at lower or similar risk of death than U.S.-born youth."

Americas↗
PubMed2005

Trends in ecstasy use in the United States from 1995 to 2001: comparison with marijuana users and association with other drug use.

This study aims to estimate changes in the prevalence of ecstasy use over time, analyze the overlap of ecstasy use and other drug use, and compare other drug use in ecstasy versus marijuana users. The authors hypothesized that ecstasy users early in the "epidemic" would be polydrug users and that associations between ecstasy and other drug use would diminish as the prevalence of ecstasy use increased. Data were drawn from public use data files from the 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Ecstasy use increased in the U.S. population and the prevalence was greater in younger age groups. Ecstasy users were likely to use a variety of other drugs; however, association of ecstasy use with other drug use was strongest early in the "epidemic," diminishing as the number of new users increased. Later, more drug-naive adolescents and young adults began experimenting with ecstasy. These results can orient prevention strategies that target ecstasy users.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗
PubMed2004

BRCA1 mutations in ovarian cancer and borderline tumours in Norway: a nested case-control study.

The aims of the present study were to find the frequency of the most common BRCA1 mutations in women with ovarian tumours identified from a population-based cancer registry and in the general population, to estimate the relative risk of ovarian tumours among the mutation carriers, and to explore the value of using CA125 as a prediagnostic test. The study was designed as a nested case-control study within a cohort mainly consisting of participants in population-based health examinations. The data files of The Cancer Registry of Norway and the Janus serum bank were linked to identify cases with ovarian cancer and borderline tumours. Hereditary BRCA1 mutations were determined using archived serum samples and capillary electrophoresis. Altogether 478 ovarian cancer patients and 190 patients with borderline tumours were identified, and 1421 and 568 matching controls were selected. Odds ratios (OR) of developing ovarian cancer and borderline tumours in the presence of BRCA1 mutations and CA125 level were derived from conditional logistic regression models. Among the 478 ovarian cancer patients, 19 BRCA1 mutations were identified (1675delA, 1135insA, 816delGT and 3347delAG), none among the patients with borderline tumours. Only two of the 1989 controls were BRCA1 mutation carriers (0.10%). The risk of ovarian cancer among the mutation carriers was strongly elevated (OR=29, 95% CI=6.6-120). CA125 was a marker for ovarian cancer, but the sensitivity was low. This study showed that BRCA1 mutation carriers have a very high risk of ovarian cancer. However, since the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in the Norwegian population was low, the proportion of ovarian cancers due to BRCA1 mutations seemed to be low, about 4%. The sensitivity of using CA125 only as a screening test for ovarian cancer was low.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Hematopoietic stem cell donor registry strategies for assigning search determinants and matching relationships.

Registries and cord blood banks around the world collect and store the HLA types of volunteers in order to identify matched unrelated donors for patients requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This task is complicated by the many formats in which HLA types are provided by the testing laboratories (types obtained by serology vs by DNA-based methods; high vs intermediate vs low resolution) and by the need to identify which of these diverse types are most likely to match the HLA assignments of a searching patient as closely as possible. Conversion of the assignments to 'search determinants' may be included within the algorithm used to select and prioritize a list of potentially suitable donors, either as an aid to matching or as a tool to optimize the performance of comparisons within large data files. The strategies used by registries to create search determinants are described. A set of search determinants, utilized by the National Marrow Donor Program, is provided as an example and is intended to initiate further discussion aimed at understanding the process used by each registry with the possibility of developing a standard process among registries worldwide.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Is there epidemiological evidence to support the idea that a cocaine dependence syndrome emerges soon after onset of cocaine use?

The present study uses latent class methods and multiple regression to shed light on hypothesized cocaine dependence syndromes experienced by community residents, who initiated cocaine use within 24 months of survey assessment, and explores possible variation in risk. Identified within public use data files from the United States National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), and with assessments completed between 1995 and 1998, the study sample consists of 927 recent-onset cocaine users, defined as having initiated cocaine use no more than 24 months prior to assessment (approximate median elapsed time since onset of use approximately 12-13 months). The NHSDA included items to assess seven clinical features often associated with cocaine dependence, which were used in latent class modeling. Empirically derived latent classes, in conjunction with prior theory, tend to support a three-class solution, according to which 4% of recent-onset users are members of a class that resembles the DSM-IV cocaine dependence syndrome (mean: 5.4 clinical features (CF)); 16% might be in a cocaine dependence prodrome (mean: 2.4 CF); 80% of recent-onset cocaine users had few or no clinical features (mean<1 CF). Results from latent class regressions indicate that susceptibility to rapid transition from first cocaine use to onset of the LCA-assigned cocaine dependence syndrome might depend upon whether the user starts smoking crack-cocaine and, independently, age at first cocaine use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sociodemographic factors associated with postprostatectomy radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To determine if nonclinical factors affect the use of adjuvant radiation therapy after surgical resection of the prostate gland. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) public use data files, we identified men with localized/regional prostate cancer who underwent postprostatectomy radiotherapy within 4 months of surgery. We used 2000 Census information to ascribe a median education and income level to these men based on the county of residence and ethnicity. RESULTS: Of 34,763 men who underwent surgical resection, 1549 received postprostatectomy radiotherapy. Those with higher tumor grade and from certain geographic regions (Seattle and Hawaii) had significantly higher rates of radiotherapy while being older and from other geographic regions (Detroit, Utah, and New Mexico) was protective. The use of additional radiation therapy was not affected by ethnicity, income level, or educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS: We found no socioeconomic or demographic disparities in the receipt of postprostatectomy radiotherapy. Geographic variation in postprostatectomy radiotherapy may be explained by limited evidence supporting its use in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Possible age-associated bias in reporting of clinical features of drug dependence: epidemiological evidence on adolescent-onset marijuana use.

AIMS: To probe recent evidence on apparent excess occurrence of marijuana dependence when marijuana smoking starts in adolescence. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A national sample of recent-onset marijuana users was identified within public data files of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), 1995-98 (1,866 adolescents and 762 adults). MEASUREMENTS: Marijuana dependence was assessed via seven standardized questions about its clinical features, such as being unable to cut down. Multivariate response models (GLM/GEE and MIMIC) were used to evaluate adolescent excess risk and possible item biases. FINDINGS: Among people who had just started to use marijuana, clinical features of marijuana dependence occurred twice as often among adolescents compared to adults, even with statistical adjustment for other covariates (P < 0.01 from GLM/GEE). MIMIC analyses suggest that adolescent-onset users have somewhat higher levels of marijuana dependence, and they also provide evidence of age-associated response bias for some but not all clinical features of marijuana dependence. That is, even with level of marijuana dependence held constant, adolescent recent-onset users were more likely than adults to report being unable to cut down (P = 0.01) and tolerance (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Nosologic, methodological and substantive reasons for observed age-related excess in occurrence of marijuana dependence problems among early onset users deserve more attention in future research.

Adolescent↗