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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serotonin involvement in descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission produced by stimulation of medial diencephalon and basal forebrain.

The responses of single lumbar dorsal horn neurons to noxious radiant heat stimuli (50 degrees C, 10 sec) applied to glabrous footpad skin were recorded in cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and 70% N2O. Responses were markedly reduced during electrical stimulation (100-msec trains at 100 Hz, 3/sec, up to 400 microA) at sites in the medial diencephalic periventricular gray (PVG), preoptic area, and basal forebrain. A role for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was investigated by determining whether descending inhibition from these areas could be affected by (1) acute systemic administration of the 5-HT antagonist methysergide, or (2) depletion of central 5-HT levels by pretreatment with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 500 mg/kg, i.p.). Inhibition produced by stimulation at these sites was reduced or abolished in 22 cases following administration of methysergide (0.2 to 1 mg/kg) to non-pretreated cats. In the PCPA-pretreated cats, stimulation in preoptic or basal forebrain areas inhibited the responses of 26 units to noxious skin heating to varying degrees; PVG stimulation inhibited the responses of 14 of 26 units, while the remainder were unaffected. The mean current threshold for inhibition produced by PVG or preoptic/basal forebrain stimulation was significantly higher, while mean inhibition at 200 microA was significantly lower, in units from PCPA-pretreated cats compared to those from non-pretreated cats. The results indicate that 5-HT may be involved in the mediation of spinal inhibition produced by medial diencephalic and basal forebrain stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnosis of diencephalic disorders. Clinical study on the diagnosis of diencephalic disorders before and after surgery of tumors in the region of the sella and the diencephalon].

The clinical symptomatology of diencephalic disorders is studied in 193 patients operated because of tumors in the sellar region. A new classification of these tumors is established according to the localization and degree of compression of the hypothalamus. The following parameters were examined: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, electrolytes, fluid balance, and serum glucose. In addition, hormonal tests for hypophyseal and diencephalic disorders were carried out. The analysis shows a significant postoperative temperature rise in patients with tumors in the hypothalamic region, depending on the degree of compression of the hypothalamus. There is no relation to histological findings or form of operative approach. Postoperative diabetes insipidus as well as endocrine diencephalic disorders correlate also with the degree of diencephalic lesion. The same results were found with glucose regulation. In contrast, blood pressure, pulse rate, and electrolytes show no differences in the groups tested.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

Time course of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine neurotoxic effects on fowl diencephalon and upper brain stem monoaminergic pathways.

In adult fowls the time-course of the neurotoxic effects of 5,6-DHT on indolaminergic neurons (in comparison with controls and with animals pre-treated with mebanazine, a MAO-inhibitor) was studied. It was shown that 5,6-DHT given into the third cerebral ventricle produced a rather selective degeneration of indolaminergic neurons which was most dramatic 4 and 7 days after the injection. Injured axons characterized by a pile-up of strongly yellow fluorescent material were seen in areas bordering the third ventricle, and in the posterior, medium and anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area, median eminence, n. tuberalis and paleostriatum augmentatum. A decrease in yellow fluorescence in areas distal to the injured axons was only detectable after 19 days. A certain regrowth of some terminal networks was observed 30 days after 5,6-DHT administration. Present data indicate that, in fowls, ascending indolamine neurons mainly originate in tegmental cell bodies and are organized in a large tract which runs along the medial forebrain bundle, sending terminals innervating several diencephalic and other subcortical areas.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗