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PubMed1998

Sexual behaviour and condom use in the general population of Spain, 1996.

A national household survey of a representative sample of 9,984 individuals aged 15 years or over, carried out in 1996 using a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-completion questionnaires, was analyzed in order to describe the frequency of HIV sexual risk behaviours and condom use in Spain. Of a total of 8,101 persons (81%) who completed the questionnaire, 37% reported no sexual partner during the previous 12 months, 57% reported one partner and 6% reported more than one partner. Three per cent reported engaging in HIV sexual risk behaviour (i.e. more than one partner and failure to use a condom systematically), a pattern of behaviour which showed independent positive association with the male sex, an age of 20-59 years and being unmarried. Among those who had casual sexual partners during the preceding 12 months, 38% had always used condoms. In the multivariate analysis, failure to use a condom systematically with casual partners was associated with a higher age and being married. Of those who had regular partners during the previous 12 months, 26% had always used condoms, a finding associated with a lower age, higher educational level, unmarried status and non-cohabitation with the sexual partner. This survey has furnished some useful indicators for prevention purposes. Periodic repetition of this survey would enable possible changes in sexual risk behaviours to be detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Changing patterns in reported sexual practices in the population: multiple partners and condom use.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the pattern of change with regard to condom use and multiple sexual partners is influenced by gender or educational level. DESIGN: Findings from data collected from 1987 to 1990 about changes in condom use and multiple-partner activities are presented, based on telephone interviews with 9416 participants aged 18 to 44 years resident in central Scotland, UK. METHODS: Change in patterns over time were modelled in a multivariate logistic regression using a linear interactive modelling program. RESULTS: Several models showing changes in the proportion of multiple-partner respondents and condom users yielded a complicated pattern of behavioural change in educational status and gender. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large difference in reported condom use and multiple sexual partners by gender, but the difference is decreasing over time. Better educated respondents increased their use of condoms while less educated respondents showed a decrease in the proportion of multiple partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Condom use with primary partners among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand and New York City, United States.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with likelihood or failure to use condoms with primary sexual partners among injecting drug users (IDU) in two cities. DESIGN AND METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 601 IDU in Bangkok in 1989 and with 957 IDU in New York City in 1990-1991. Subjects were recruited from drug-use treatment programs and a research storefront. Informed consent was obtained and a World Health Organization standardized questionnaire about AIDS risk behaviors administered by a trained interviewer. RESULTS: A substantial minority (37%) of IDU in Bangkok and a majority (55%) of IDU in New York City reported penetrative intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral) with a primary partner in the 6 months before the interview. Of those reporting penetrative intercourse with a primary partner, only 12% in Bangkok and 20% in New York reported that they always used condoms. Parallel bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to distinguish between subjects who reported always using condoms and subjects who reported unsafe sexual activity with primary partners. The same two factor--knowing that one is HIV-seropositive and talking about AIDS with sexual partners--were most strongly associated with always using condoms with primary partners in both cities. CONCLUSIONS: Programs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV among IDU should provide voluntary and confidential/anonymous HIV counseling and testing, and should facilitate discussions of AIDS and sexual transmission of HIV between IDU and their sexual partners. That the same two factors were associated with always using condoms with primary partners among IDU in these two cities suggests that these factors may also be important in other groups at high risk for HIV.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent girls' perceived prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and condom use.

Little is known concerning sexually experienced and inexperienced adolescent girls' perceptions of the prevalence of condom use and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Girls (n = 174; 41% sexually experienced) rated the prevalence of condom use among friends and STDs among male and female friends and adolescents in general. Girls perceive the prevalence of STDs similarly across both gender and level of familiarity. For the most part, however, the girls perceived the prevalence among boys and girls more similarly than among friends and adolescents in general. No significant differences were found between sexually experienced and inexperienced girls in perceptions of condom use prevalence, but girls with a history of STD perceived condoms as used less frequently. Girls with an STD history perceived STDs as the most prevalent, followed by sexually inexperienced girls and then sexually experienced girls without a history of an STD. After an adolescent girl initiates sexual intercourse, STD experience could be a key variable in affecting her perceptions. Prevention programs can incorporate an understanding of patients' perceptions of condom use and STDs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Factors associated with condom use for oral sex among female brothel-based sex workers in Singapore.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of oral sex increased from 27.1% in 1992 to 81.1% in 1997, with a concomitant increase in pharyngeal gonorrhea, among female sex workers in Singapore. The extent of condom use for oral sex among them is unknown. GOAL: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with consistent condom use during oral sex. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 225 women randomly selected from the surveillance scheme register of female brothel-based sex workers with a history of oral sex documented in their medical records. RESULTS: Slightly more than half (56.9%) consistently used condoms for oral sex compared to 97% for vaginal sex. Condom use was significantly higher among middle than high class sex workers (adjusted rate ratio: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.29) and those with negotiation skills (adjusted rate ratio: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32-2.07). CONCLUSION: Sex workers should be taught skills to negotiate condom use for oral sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol use, perceptions of the effects of alcohol use, and condom use in urban minority youth.

This study examined the relations between alcohol use, perceived effects of alcohol use, and condom use in three different types of sexual partners in African American and Hispanic youth. Data were drawn from a household probability sample of minority youth (N = 1435) living in Detroit. Relationships were examined among three types of sexual partners: "married/lived with" partners, "knew well" partners, and "casual" partners. The effects of alcohol on condom use and perceived effects of alcohol on condom use were investigated using multiple regression with controls for demographic variables and sexual history. The quantity of alcohol consumed with partners was negatively related to condom use in all types of partners. The quantity of alcohol use was also negatively related to the perceived effect of alcohol use on condom use only with "knew well" partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Heterosexual relationships and condom-use in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases to women.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of patient-defined non-regular heterosexual relationships on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections in women and the role of condom use in the prevention of their spread. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of sexual behaviour reported by a standardised self-administered questionnaire in new patients who presented for screening and diagnosis. SETTING: A genitourinary medicine clinic in West London. SUBJECTS: 938 consecutive newly attending women who completed a sexual behaviour questionnaire in 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variables relating to socio-demographic status, sexual behaviour, condom use, sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections stratified by the reporting of non-regular partners. RESULTS: We found that women who reported non-regular sexual partners were more likely to be single (p = 0.0001), white (p < 0.0001), have had coitarche before 17 years of age (p = 0.003) and many more sexual partners both in the last year and in their life-time (p < 0.0001) and were more likely to practise fellatio (p < 0.0001), anal penetration (p = 0.004) and to be smokers (p < 0.0001). Paradoxically, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections was no higher in this group than in the group of women who did not have non-regular partners. Increasing condom use with regular partners correlated with decreasing incidence of gonorrhoea (p < 0.001), chlamydial infection (p < 0.01) and trichomoniasis (p < 0.02), but increasing condom use with non-regular partners did not show this trend. CONCLUSIONS: Regular heterosexual partners play the major role in transmission of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases to women. This is significantly influenced by use of condoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Sexual health and use of condoms among local and international sex workers in Sydney.

OBJECTIVES: To compare indicators of sexual health and predictors of condom use for commercial sex among local and international female sex workers first attending an STD clinic. SETTING: A public STD clinic in Sydney, Australia. SUBJECTS: All sex workers first attending between June 1991 and May 1993. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of demographic, behavioural and morbidity data from proforma medical records. RESULTS: 91 local sex workers and 123 international sex workers (predominantly from Thailand, Malaysia and China) first presented during the study period. There were significantly higher prevalences of chlamydia (0 v. 15%, p = 0.0002), gonorrhoea (0 v. 14%, p = 0.0006), syphilis (0 v. 10%, p = 0.006) and clinical genital herpes (0 v. 5%, p = 0.04) among international sex workers. The only case of HIV infection was in an international sex worker. Inconsistent condom use for commercial sex was significantly more common among international sex workers (RR = 4.5; 95% CI 3.1-6.5). On multivariate analysis, inconsistent condom use in international sex workers was associated with a recent history of prostitution outside Australia (p = 0.04), while inconsistent condom usage among local sex workers was associated with increasing age (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate the efficacy of condoms and the success of targeted education programmes in local sex workers in Sydney. By contrast, international sex workers continued to be at high risk of STDs. The international sex industry in Sydney requires enhanced culture-specific interventions. Immigration laws as they affect sex workers should also be reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Counselor prompts to increase condom taking during treatment for cocaine dependence.

This study examined whether active prompting would increase the number of free condoms taken from dispensers placed in counselors' offices in a cocaine abuse treatment clinic. Using a combined multiple baseline and reversal design, two teams of counselors were instructed to actively prompt and encourage condom taking during some conditions and to avoid commenting on or encouraging condom use in other conditions. To monitor accuracy of implementing the intervention, counselors completed a checklist for every subject they saw in their office during the day. Overall, the number of condoms taken per visit during prompting conditions was almost six times greater than during baseline conditions. However, implementation declined during the study, and all counselors complained about the intervention. Implications for dispensing free condoms to reduce HIV risk in drug abuse treatment clinics are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Self-reported factors influencing condom use among clinic attendees.

Data were collected from a convenience sample of 231 urban women seeking health care at a Midwestern women's health care center at a city medical center. Participants responded to 53 items, most taken from the Family Health Center Survey, which was designed to elicit descriptive data related to three major categories: background factors, factors that might influence the decision to use a condom, and knowledge and attitudes that might predict condom acquisition. Knowledge of HIV transmission and safer sex was not a predictor of condom use. Through education and demonstrations of proper condom usage, nurses and other health care providers were influential in persuading adolescents and young adults to use condoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-related increase in sexual behaviours and decrease in regular condom use among adolescents in Australia.

The prevalence of sexual behaviours was estimated from a survey of 3854 Australian secondary school students. Self-reported prevalence of intercourse increased from 9.9% (age 13 years or less) to 23.9% (age 15) and 51.2% at age 17 and over. Among 932 sexually experienced youth in the final 3 years of secondary school, 26% of males and 18% of females reported having 3 or more partners in the previous year; 89.4% had used a condom at least once, with males (71.8%) reporting more last occasion condom use than females (53.4%). 'Last occasion' and 'usual', but not lifetime, condom use was significantly lower among older respondents. Although nearly 90% of females in each of 3 age groups reported lifetime condom use, just 27.6% of female students aged 17 or more reported that condoms were always used during intercourse. The decline with age, noted in research with adults and older adolescents, may begin in the middle teens.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Condom use among female commercial sex workers and male clients in Hong Kong.

The use of condoms is an aid to protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In a one-and-a-half month period in mid-1993, 190 commercial female sex workers and 633 male clients of 8 Social Hygiene Clinics in Hong Kong were interviewed on their practice in condom usage. For both sex workers and clients, 18.5% and 22.8% never and 55.3% and 50.3% seldom used condoms during sexual contacts with paying partners and non-paying partners respectively. The majority (86%) of male clients claimed that they would use a condom if they knew it could reduce risk of contracting HIV and other STD. Condom promotion activities are necessary, particularly for those at higher risk of infection because of their sexual behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acceptability of female condom use among women exchanging street sex in New York City.

Greater access to alternative female-initiated barrier methods, such as the female condom, is needed among women exchanging street sex. This study describes knowledge of and experience with the female condom among 101 women exchanging sex for money and drugs on the streets of New York City, and examines the acceptability of female condom use as an alternative barrier method for HIV/STD prevention among this population. Female condom use among this sample of sex workers was found to be related to having a regular sexual partner, living with someone who is a drug or alcohol abuser, not being homeless, using alcohol or intravenous heroin, having heard of the device, and having discussed the device with other women or with a regular sexual partner. Despite decreased acceptability post-use, most sex workers indicated an intention for future female condom use.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A prospective study of pharyngeal gonorrhoea and inconsistent condom use for oral sex among female brothel-based sex workers in Singapore.

Oral sex among female sex workers in Singapore has risen sharply from 27.1% in 1992 to 81.7% in 1997. A prospective cohort study was carried out on 724 female brothel-based sex workers who practised oral sex, to determine the risk of contracting pharyngeal gonorrhoea through inconsistent condom use. The prevalence of consistent condom use for oral sex was 70.4% compared to 96.8% for vaginal sex. One hundred and twenty-nine (17.8%) were lost to follow up because they quit prostitution. The other 595 sex workers were followed up for a maximum period of 6 months. Thirty-eight (5.2%) sex workers contracted pharyngeal gonorrhoea compared to 2.5% who contracted cervical gonorrhoea. Sex workers with inconsistent condom use for oral sex were 17.1 times (95% CI: 8.0-36.5) more likely than consistent condom users to develop pharyngeal gonorrhoea, after controlling for ethnic group, class and number of clients. STD control programmes for sex workers should place stress on consistent condom use for oral sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A cross-sectional survey of condom use in conjunction with other contraceptive methods.

A cross-sectional survey of 3,136 women attending family planning clinics in Texas was conducted to examine past use of and future plans for use of condoms by partners during sexual intercourse for disease prevention in conjunction with other contraceptive methods. Following the receipt of clinical services, including counseling about family planning and disease prevention, both contraceptive and planned condom use reporting increased for the majority of subjects. However 22% of the sample indicated that they intended to reduce condom use in the future and instead use a contraceptive which protects from pregnancy but not from disease. Condom use was indicated more frequently for those who reported at least one risk factor for HIV, but 17% of those at risk indicated lower future condom use than past use. This suggests that without changes in risk behavior, these women will be at increased risk of HIV or another sexually transmitted disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Differences in condom behaviors and beliefs among female drug users recruited from two cities.

This paper examines predictors of condom cognitions and condom use for vaginal sex within women's main and paying partnerships. The sample consisted of active injection drug and crack-using women recruited from two cities with disparate HIV rates. A total of 338 drug-using women who reported vaginal sex with a main and/or paying partner in the prior 30 days were recruited for this study. Recruitment site was a significant predictor for several of the variables examined, for both main and paying partners. Ethnicity and prior HIV test result were also significant predictors, but only for main sex partners. Findings support previous research and suggest that the factors which predict condom beliefs, intention, and behaviors are different for main versus paying partners. Interventions designed to increase condom use must recognize that cognitive factors associated with condom use may vary by partner type, ethnicity, and recruitment site, particularly when important contextual variables, such as local seroprevalence, vary.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Women's self-reported condom use: intra and interpersonal factors.

In the past several years, the greatest proportionate increase in AIDS diagnoses has occurred among women. Yet, while the risk of HIV infection increases, female college students continue to report inconsistent HIV prevention behaviors. Past research on condom use among college women has focused on intrapersonal aspects of the behavior, and little is known about the influence of interpersonal factors on women's condom use. In this study we examined the relative salience of both intra and interpersonal factors on African American and white women's use of condoms. We found that interpersonal variables were particularly salient predictors of condom use. There were no ethnic differences in the effects of interpersonal variables; however, there were differences in the effects of self-efficacy on condom use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

AIDS-related perceptions and condom use of prostitutes in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes of prostitutes on condom use from diverse 'sex markers' in Korea. The data were collected by interviewers at five different 'sex markets'. During March 1993, research assistants at the Institute of Health Services Research interviewed 371 prostitutes visiting sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Multiple regression method was used in identifying the determinants of condom use. The level of condom use was regressed on personal characteristics of prostitutes, AIDS-related perceptions, and market type. Prostitutes' level of condom use turned out to be different across the markets featuring diverse types of services and fees. Neither perceived vulnerability nor perceived seriousness of AIDS had significant effects on condom use. Our findings suggested that the many AIDS-preventive educational efforts by STD clinics are ineffective. Hence, individual STD clinics need to develop AIDS-preventive education programs which are suitable for the unique circumstances of their respective 'sex markets'.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗