Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Communication Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Behavioral perspectives in coronary care.

Thirty-eight patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit were interviewed to discover the natural history of their moods and to assess their level of understanding of their medical condition. A progression of moods from anxiety to denial to depression was noted. Only seven of 38 patients were found to have a good understanding of their illness. Several barriers to doctor-patient communication were identified, including patient's denial, patient's distractibility due to surroundings, patient's "wishfully hearing," doctor's unwarranted assumptions about the patient's understanding, doctor's overuse of medical terminology, and doctor's unawareness of patient's emotional state. Finally, four suggestions for improving total patient care in the Coronary Care Unit are proposed: (1) understand the natural history of patient mood and perceive where your patient is in the progression, (2) institute formal teaching on dealing with patients' moods for nursing and medical personnel, (3) be aware of, and deal with, the barriers to physician-patient communication, and (4) institute formal patient education programs to aid communication and understanding.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

Patients' reactions and physician-patient communication in a mandatory surgical second-opinion program.

To assess patients' reactions to a mandatory second surgical opinion program and to measure the accuracy of communication between these patients and their physicians, questionnaires were sent to New York City municipal employees, retirees, and dependents who had received second-opinion consultations. The most frequent reactions, among 902 respondents, were that the consultations provided reassurance (59%), helped in deciding whether to proceed with surgery (49%), and provided a chance to ask important questions (29%). Relatively few patients felt that the program caused anxiety (12%) or confusion (5%). Patients were generally pleased with the administrative aspects of the program but less satisfied with the consultant physicians they had seen. Twelve percent of patient-physician pairs disagreed about the advice that had been communicated in their second-opinion consultation visits. Nonconcordance rates varied greatly with the nature and complexity of the advice rendered and were higher among patients who stated that their consultants' explanations were not thorough and understandable. In addition to their cost-containment functions, mandatory surgical second-opinion programs can be supportive and informative. Systematic feedback from patients can be used to enhance these strengths, to correct programmatic deficiencies, and to improve the accuracy of communication.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

[Risk factors for non communicable diseases: methods and global results of the CARMEN program basal survey].

BACKGROUND: In the last decades, chronic non communicable diseases are becoming the main cause of disability and mortality among adults. The risk factor surveillance and management is the most efficient mean of reducing the impact of these diseases. AIM: To report the results of a non communicable disease risk factor surveillance program in Valparaiso, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A random samples of people aged 25 to 64 years old living in Valparaiso, Chile was studied. Subjects were questioned about smoking and physical activity habits. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured using standardized techniques at their homes and blood samples were obtained to measure serum lipid levels and oral glucose tolerance test at the nearest outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Of the initial 3852 homes selected, 752 individuals did no agree to answer the inquiry, therefore 3120 subjects were finally interviewed. Of these, 40.6% were smokers, 15% drank alcohol in two or more occasions per month, 84.6% were physically inactive, 19.7% had a body mass index over 30 kg/m2, 11.1% had high blood pressure, 3.9% were diabetic and 46.9% had high serum cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: The basal survey for the CARMEN program shows a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Chileans.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Communicating nutrition to high school students in Kenya.

The success of school health programs depends upon effective communication. The characteristics of the communicator is an important component in the communication process. Research indicates that the expertise of the communicator and communicator-audience similarity are both characteristics that influence the acceptance of health information. The goal of this study was to determine which combination of expertise and similarity is most effective in improving the nutrition knowledge and attitudes of high school students in Kenya, East Africa. To examine this problem, Gusii students from Kenya received communications advocating improved nutrition from sources varying in expertise and similarity. Results of the investigation indicated that a communicator similar to his or her audience (low expert/high similar communicator) was effective in persuading the students as an expert (high expert/low similar communicator). The implications for school health programs, especially in developing countries, is that in utilizing a culturally similar, locally-trained person (low expert/high similar communicator) as a communicator source, the school is obtaining an effective communicator as well as utilizing limited resources in the most effective manner. If a culturally dissimilar person is the source of the information, then this individual would be effective only if he or she is an expert.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Youth violence: an exploratory study of a treatment program in a central Illinois county.

A local treatment provider has developed an OPTIONS program to prevent adolescent aggression. The program is designed for youths who displayed threatening or abusive behaviors, particularly toward family members. This study described the characteristics of juveniles and their families who were referred to the program and if the program participation helped reduce the severity of violence and improve the communication skills among program participants. Referrals came from law enforcement, juvenile court services, school resource officers, and parents. Information on 100 juveniles and their families were provided by the counselors of the program. The findings showed that a large percentage of juveniles came from unstable families with a family history of criminal convictions, substance abuse, or mental illness. Program participants showed an improvement in communication skills and reduction in their levels of dangerousness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of a clinical interviewing training program for family practice residents: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a clinical interviewing training program for third-year family practice trainees and determined which other factors influence residents' training in clinical communication. METHODS: This was a randomized, multicenter, educational trial involving 193 third-year family practice residents from eight centers in Spain. Centers were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which would undertake a communication skills training program and one of which would not. The program was resident centered, based on residents' practice experience, and provided structured feedback. The main outcome measures were residents' consultation behavior with six standardized patient encounters (three before and three after the training) as measured with the GATHA-RES rating scale by an observer blinded to group assignment of the residents. RESULTS: The intervention group trainees displayed marginally better communication skills at the start of the study than those in the control group. At the end of the study, trainees who had received the training program did not show better communication skills than those who had not received the training program. Factors related to the training center environment, having a teacher trained in clinical interviewing, younger age, and a longer interview duration correlated with better communication skills. CONCLUSIONS: The trial program did not appear to improve the global communication skills of trainees. This study highlights the importance of the trainee's teachers, the residency program environment, and earlier exposure to training in planning future programs to improve residents' communication skills.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2004

Mode of communication and classroom placement impact on speech intelligibility.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of classroom placement and mode of communication on speech intelligibility scores in children aged 8 to 9 years using multichannel cochlear implants. DESIGN: Classroom placement (special education, partial mainstream, and full mainstream) and mode of communication (total communication and auditory-oral) reported via parental rating scales before and 4 times after implantation were the independent variables. Speech intelligibility scores obtained at 8 to 9 years of age were the dependent variables. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 131 congenitally deafened children between the ages of 8 and 9 years who received a multichannel cochlear implant before the age of 5 years. RESULTS: Higher speech intelligibility scores at 8 to 9 years of age were significantly associated with enrollment in auditory-oral programs rather than enrollment in total communication programs, regardless of when the mode of communication was used (before or after implantation). Speech intelligibility at 8 to 9 years of age was not significantly influenced by classroom placement before implantation, regardless of mode of communication. After implantation, however, there were significant associations between classroom placement and speech intelligibility scores at 8 to 9 years of age. Higher speech intelligibility scores at 8 to 9 years of age were associated with classroom exposure to normal-hearing peers in full or partial mainstream placements than in self-contained, special education placements. CONCLUSIONS: Higher speech intelligibility scores in 8- to 9-year-old congenitally deafened cochlear implant recipients were associated with educational settings that emphasize oral communication development. Educational environments that incorporate exposure to normal-hearing peers were also associated with higher speech intelligibility scores at 8 to 9 years of age.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Development of communicative behavior in autistic children: a parent program using manual signs.

Mothers of four 6- and 7-year-old autistic classmates were taught to use manual signs for verbalizations to aid development of appropriate communicative behavior and to deter undesirable behavior in their children. The experimental treatment was initiated in a daily mother-child laboratory session using a multiple-baseline design across subjects. The preschool classroom program remained unchanged. Data were recorded for each child daily over a 5-week period, in the classroom and in a mother-child session, on four types of communicative behavior and four types of inappropriate behavior. Communicative behaviors increased and inappropriate behaviors decreased in relation to baseline conditions for each child. The manual sign program facilitated generalization of communicative behavior to the child's total environment. Desirable behaviors were maintained and had improved in the classroom 3 months after initiation of the program.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2004

Chronic disease self-management improved with enhanced self-efficacy.

This pilot study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design to examine if participation in a chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP) improved self-efficacy, self-efficacy health, and self-management behaviors in an underserved, poor, rural population. The sample, recruited from two clinics in a south central state, consisted of 48 adults (59.70 +/- 11.22 years) and was 79.2% Caucasian (n = 38) and 20.8% (n = 10) African American. Trained lay leaders with chronic illnesses directed the interactive CDSMP based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory that included strategies for personal exercise program development, cognitive symptom management, problem solving, and communication skills. Program-specific paper-and-pencil instruments were completed prior to and immediately after completion of the 6-week program. Significant improvements (p <.10) in self-efficacy, self-efficacy health, and self-management behaviors occurred. Results underscore the need to evaluate intervention programs for specific populations and for a new paradigm that focuses on patient-provider partnerships that can improve health outcomes in underserved, poor, rural populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Surveillance of hospital acquired infections: presentation of a computerised system.

Day by day surveillance of hospital acquired infections is a time-consuming activity. Healthcare professionals need powerful computer tools to manage and analyse these data. Such a program must include all the functions needed to manage communication with other programs in order to minimise data entry. Coherence checks are then used to validate data. Automatic production of reports, graphics or tables enables users to quickly obtain timely and representative documents regarding the evolution of specific indicators. The local person in charge for the system must be able to easily modify many parts of the program (data entry screens, calculations, checks, etc.) without any direct intervention from a computer specialist. Using this description, we have created a specific software for the management of this information named NosoCom. The program has been used for four years in France and Belgium. An English release is now available.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

Results of a community-based Aedes aegypti control program in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

This report describes the results of a community-based Aedes aegypti control program in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Baseline surveys concerning knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 577 women and a larval survey of 616 house lots were carried out in October 1989. Following development of a public health communication intervention from this data, the program was implemented in six communities. Evaluation used an untreated control group design with pretest and two post-tests, one at completion and one six months later. Significant changes in knowledge and behavior were seen in the treatment group in both post-tests. Women in the intervention group were able to identify the Ae. aegypti mosquito, the larval production sites of the mosquito, and appropriate control methods. A behavior change proxy was measured by examining changes in the Breteau (number of positive containers/100 houses surveyed) and container indices. The Breteau index remained the same in the intervention group while it increased significantly in the comparison group. Changes were also seen with respect to individual containers. This project demonstrated that a community-based communication program aimed at larval production site elimination or control can be effective in changing behavior and reducing larval production sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics of the internship programs for students in medical illustration and biomedical communications.

A survey questionnaire was developed to request general information about each program as well as specific information on internship objectives, what interns do, internship sites, benefits, problems, preceptors, evaluation, coordinators, contracts, and support services. Questionnaires were sent to the directors of 17 programs, and to the chairman of the internship committee of the Association of Medical illustrators, all of whom responded. The 15 useable responses from program directors were divided according to type of program, compiled and analyzed separately. Respondents agreed that an internship is a valuable experience for medical illustration and biomedical communications students.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing community health behaviors: a model for program development and management.

A model has been proposed to improve program development and management of behavior change programs with large-scale community impact. It can be applied to epidemiologic problems of which lifestyle is an important component, such as heart disease, adolescent pregnancy, hypertension, weight control, and cancer control and prevention programs. The model combines two previously existing models: one indicating that program development is an ongoing cyclical process which starts with uncertainty yet can progress to institutionalization with suitable testing; and the second model indicating that program management within each developmental cycle progresses through specific phases which can be hampered by plateaus and setbacks. Nine systems are essential for program development and operations: education (philosophy, objectives, and content), communications, reward, intervention, program process, program development, and program evaluation. These systems can be used as a guide to facilitate selection from the many guidelines recommended in the literature, and to ensure coordination of innovative program elements.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2002

An organized pilot program promoting web access to picture archiving and communications system data: emphasis on offices outside the host institution.

A formal Pilot Program for Web-based access to a host picture archiving and communication system (PACS) can augment the transition to filmless radiology. Beyond the technical issues of PCs and networks, appropriate legal input and documentation is necessary. While it is important to be in line with overall institutional priorities with regard to online access strategies, it is important to recognize that the Radiology Department has the greatest stake in successfully going filmless, and that it is incumbent upon the Radiology Department itself to take on outreach efforts to the medical community at large. The MMC Web Access Pilot Project has been successful in helping key non-MMC offices overcome the issues associated with preparing for and mastering Web access to PACS images. The benefit has been mutual, and MMC is now able to provide better advice to new offices that are coming online, as well as sharpening its focus on logistical issues that need to be resolved if we are to eliminate film from medical practice.

Humans↗