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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates the morphological differentiation of cultured ventral mesencephalic calbindin- and calretinin-expressing neurons.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor for mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Subpopulations of these neurons express the calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR). Understanding the specific effects of GDNF on these neurons is important for the development of an optimal cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. To investigate the effects of GDNF on the morphological complexity of mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (-ir), CB-ir, and CR-ir neurons, dissociated cultures of embryonic (E14) rat ventral mesencephalon were prepared. Chronic administration of GDNF (10 ng/ml) for 7 days promoted the survival of TH-ir and CB-ir neurons but did not alter the density of CR-ir neurons. Total fiber length/neuron and number of branching points/neuron of CB-ir and CR-ir cells were significantly increased after GDNF treatment (2x for CB-ir cells and 1.4x and 1.7x, respectively, for CR-ir cells), which resulted in a significantly larger size of neurite field/neuron (2.9x and 1.5x for CB-ir and CR-ir neurons, respectively). The number of primary neurites/neuron of CB-ir neurons was found to be 1.5x larger, while no difference could be detected for CR-ir cells. Assessment of the effects of GDNF on TH-ir neurons unveiled a similar outcome with an increased total fiber length/neuron (1.5x), an increased number of primary neurites/neuron (1.6x), and a twofold larger size of neurite field/neuron. In conclusion, our findings recognize GDNF as a neurotrophic factor that stimulates the morphological differentiation of ventral mesencephalic CB-ir and CR-ir neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of 192 IgG-saporin on circadian activity rhythms, expression of P75 neurotrophin receptors, calbindin-D28K, and light-induced Fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats.

Photic entrainment of circadian rhythms in mammals is mediated through a direct retinal projection to the core region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian clock. A proportion of this projection contains the low-affinity p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR). Neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment, which dramatically reduces p75NTR immunoreactivity in the SCN has no impact on photic entrainment. In order to clarify the contribution of p75NTR fibers in photic entrainment, targeted lesions of the p75NTR-immunoreactive SCN plexus were performed using intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrahypothalamic injections of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin (SAP) in rats. SAP treatment effectively abolished p75NTR immunoreactivity within the SCN core. ICV SAP treatment produced three different behavioral activity patterns: Animals became arrhythmic, displayed a shorter free-running period, or remained rhythmic following the lesion. Arrhythmic animals had large hypothalamic lesion which encompassed the entire SCN. In rhythmic rats, ICV-SAP significantly reduced immunostaining for calbindin-D28k (CaBP) in the SCN, and rats with shortened free-running periods had the lowest number of CaBP immunoreactive cells. ICV SAP also attenuated light-induced Fos expression in the SCN core. Despite lack of p75NTR and reduced CaBP and Fos expression in the SCN, SAP-treated rhythmic rats displayed normal photic entrainment. Intrahypothalamic SAP treatment reduced CaBP expression in the SCN but had no effect on light-induced Fos expression, free-running rhythms, or photic entrainment. The data show that p75NTR-immunoreactive elements in the SCN are not required for photic entrainment.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1996

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the mouse that contain calbindin-D28k exhibit reduced vulnerability to MPTP-induced neurodegeneration.

The calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k (CB) is located in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons that are less vulnerable to degeneration in Parkinson's disease and in an animal model of the disorder, the MPTP-treated monkey. The present study sought to determine whether CB-containing DA neurons are also less vulnerable to degeneration in the MPTP-treated mouse. Double-labelling immunocytochemical staining and computer imaging techniques were employed to map and quantify the tyrosine hydroxylase-, CB- and CB-containing tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in portions of nucleus A9 and nucleus A10 (ventral tegmental area and central linear nucleus) following MPTP treatment in the C57BL/6 mouse. A cumulative dose of 140 mg/kg MPTP produced a significantly greater loss of DA neurons that lack CB in both nucleus A9 (71 +/- 4%) and the ventral tegmental area (70 +/- 4%), compared to the loss of DA neurons that contain CB (44 +/- 6% and 25 +/- 14%, respectively). In the central linear nucleus there was no loss of CB-containing DA neurons. These data demonstrate that the presence of CB in midbrain DA neurons identifies a population of cells in the mouse that are less vulnerable to MPTP-induced degeneration. The mouse, therefore, can serve as a useful model in which to investigate the putative neuroprotective effects of CB in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1991

Calbindin-D28K (CaBP) levels and calcium currents in acutely dissociated epileptic neurons.

Nerve cells that lack the cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding protein Calbindin-D28K (CaBP) appear to be selectively vulnerable to Ca(2+)-related injury consistent with a postulated intraneuronal Ca(2+)-buffering role of CaBP. We have confirmed the selective loss of CaBP from the dentate gyrus during kindling-induced epilepsy in acutely dissociated granule cells (GCs) from kindled rats. Immunohistochemically stained kindled neurons showed a significant loss of CaBP when compared to controls (p less than 0.001; ANOVA). The Ca(2+)-buffering role of CaBP was assessed in acutely dissociated control and kindled GCs by examining a physiological process highly sensitive to intracellular Ca(2+)-buffering: the Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of high-voltage activated (HVA or L-type) Ca2+ currents in the absence (or presence) of exogenous Ca(2+)-chelators. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings in kindled GCs demonstrated a markedly enhanced Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of Ca(2+)-currents. After brief conditioning Ca2+ currents, in the absence of an exogenous intraneuronal Ca(2+)-chelator, subsequent test Ca2+ currents were inactivated by 58.3% in kindled GCs, a significant increase from the 37.4% inactivation observed in control GCs (p less than 0.005; ANOVA). The differential Ca2+ current decay and Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation were prevented in both control and kindled GCs upon loading the neurons with the exogenous Ca(2+)-chelator BAPTA. These experiments demonstrate a high correlation between the loss of CaBP and changes in Ca2+ current inactivation and are consistent with the hypothesis that CaBP contributes to the physiological Ca(2+)-buffering in mammalian neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The colocalization of parvalbumin and calbindin-D28k with GABA in the subnucleus caudalis of the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus.

The colocalization of two calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin-D28k (CaB), which have been reported to be markers of specific subpopulations of neurons in the central nervous system, with the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) was investigated in neurons of laminae I-IV of the subnucleus caudalis of the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus by using post-embedding immunocytochemical methods. Cells immunoreactive for PV, CaB, and GABA were found in all four laminae of the subnucleus caudalis. A substantial proportion of PV-immunoreactive perikarya were also stained for GABA in laminae II and III (44.8% and 39.8%, respectively). However, the majority of PV-containing neurons in laminae I and IV (100% and 86%, respectively), as well as CaB-immunoreactive cells in all four laminae (98.4%), were GABA-negative. These results show that, in contrast to higher brain centers, PV-, CaB-, and GABA-immunoreactive perikarya represent significantly different populations of neurons in the subnucleus caudalis of the rat. In the light of the present findings, the differences in the neurochemical properties of the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the spinal dorsal horn are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Calbindin D28K and parvalbumin gene expression in rat embryonic ventral forebrain grafts.

The present study characterizes expression of calbindin D28K (CB-D28K) and parvalbumin (PV) in ventral forebrain (VFB) grafts placed in the neocortex of adult rats bearing quisqualic acid lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Three to nine months after transplantation surgery, rats were killed for in situ hybridization with probes to CB-D28K or PV and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CB-D28K or PV. In addition, an antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used to characterize the cholinergic component in the graft and an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to explore catecholaminergic innervation of the graft. Quantitative analysis of CB-D28K and PV messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was based on counts of silver grains generated by emulsion autoradiography. Cells expressing CB-D28K mRNA were significantly larger than such cells in the adult VFB and the mean number of silver grains per cell was significantly greater than to such cells in the adult VFB. The level of CB-D28K mRNA expression as calculated by ratio of silver grains per unit area was also significantly increased. Quantification of PV mRNA showed no significant differences between the cells in the graft and in the adult VFB. In order to begin to interpret these findings, a comparison was made with such cells in the VFB of developing rats. Brain sections were sampled from embryonic day 17 and postnatal days 1, 5, 12, 19 and adult (6-12 months of age). Cells expressing CB-D28K mRNA were detected in ventral forebrain from postnatal day 5 and cells expressing PV mRNA were detected in ventral forebrain from postnatal day 19. In the course of normal development of the ventral forebrain, no CB-D28K cells were found that were as large or expressed such high levels of CB-D28K mRNA as observed in the grafts. We conclude that changes in grafted cells expressing CB-D28K do not reflect an arrest of developmental processes. TH immunohistochemistry revealed lack of catecholaminergic innervation of the graft, whereas adult mediolateral septal cells that express CB-D28K receive such innervation in addition to other neurotransmitter inputs. Imbalance in neurotransmitter inputs to grafted cells expressing CB-D28K is discussed as a possible factor in their increased size and gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Characterisation of neurons expressing calbindin immunoreactivity in the ileum of the unweaned and mature sheep.

We have identified the enteric neuron types expressing immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding protein calbindin D28k (CALB) in cryostat sections and whole-mount preparations of myenteric (MP) and submucosal (SMP) plexuses of sheep ileum. We wished to determine whether CALB-IR in the sheep enteric nervous system was expressed in Dogiel type II cells, as in guinea-pig and rat ileum, and could therefore be used as a marker for intrinsic primary afferent neurons. The neurochemical coding of CALB-containing myenteric and submucosal neurons in ileum of unweaned lamb and mature sheep and its co-localisation with various neural markers was studied immunohistochemically. An antiserum against neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) failed to detect the entire neuronal population; it was expressed only in 48% of neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-immunoreactive (NSE-IR) neurons. Human neuronal protein appeared to occur in the large majority or all neurons. Almost all CALB-IR neurons were: (1) radially multidendritic; (2) eccentric multidendritic; (3) Dogiel type II. CALB-IR occurred in 20-25% of myenteric and 65-75% of submucosal neurons in lamb and mature sheep, with higher values in mature sheep. Nearly all CALB-IR neurons were common choline acetyltransferase (cChAT)-IR, whereas only about 20% of cChAT-IR somata were CALB-IR. In lamb and mature sheep, 90% of MP CALB-IR neurons were peripheral choline acetyltransferase (pChAT)-IR. In lamb SMP, 80+/-13% of CALB-IR cells were also pChAT-IR, whereas all those in mature SMP were pChAT-IR. Fewer myenteric CALB-IR neurons exhibited tachykinin (TK) in mature sheep (49%) than in lamb (88%). This was also the case for submucosal ganglia (mature sheep, 63%; lamb, 89%). In lamb MP, 77+/-7% of CALB-IR cells were NeuN-positive. In mature sheep, 73+/-10% of CALB-IR somata were NeuN-IR, but NeuN failed to stain SMP neurons. In the MP of suckling and mature sheep, Dogiel type II CALB-IR neurons were calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR. In the SMP at both stages, Dogiel type II CALB-IR somata (about 50% of CALB-IR neurons) were also CGRP-IR. Only small proportions of CALB-IR neurons showed immunoreactivity for calretinin or nitric oxide synthase (NOS), although large populations of CALB and NOS neurons occurred in the ganglia. Thus, CALB is a marker of most Dogiel type II neurons in the sheep but is not confined to Dogiel II neurons. CGRP is a more selective marker of Dogiel type II neurons, being only found in this neuron type.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Calbindin D28k-like immunoreactivity in the developing and regenerating circumvallate papilla of the rat.

The distribution of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the circumvallate papilla (CVP) was examined during development and regeneration following bilateral crush injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve in the rat. In the adult CVP, CB-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers were observed in the subgemmal region and some penetrated into the taste buds. CB-LI was also detected in the cytoplasm of the spindle-shaped gustatory cells in the lower half of the trench epithelium, which contained numerous synaptic vesicles and bundles of intermediate filaments. These CB-IR gustatory cells made synapse-like contacts with CB-IR nerve terminals. Some CB-IR nerve terminals made contacts with the gustatory cells negative for CB-LI. At least three developmental stages were defined with regard to the developmental changes in the distribution of CB-LI: (1) Stage I (embryonic day (E) 18-postnatal day (P)5): CB-IR nerve fibers appeared in the lamina propria just beneath the newly-formed CVP at E18, but the gustatory epithelium of the CVP contained no CB-IR structures. Taste buds with taste pores appeared at P1. (2) Stage II (P5-10): thin CB-IR nerve fibers began entering the trench epithelium, but no CB-IR cells were observed. (3) Stage III (P10-adult): in addition to the intragemmal and perigemmal CB-IR nerve fibers, very few CB-IR cells appeared in the taste buds around P10, and their numbers increased progressively. The changes in the distribution of taste buds and CB-LI following glossopharyngeal nerve injury were similar to those observed during development. On post-operative day (PO) 4, the taste buds and CB-IR cells decreased markedly in number. These CB-IR cells became round in shape, and the number of CB-IR nerve fibers decreased markedly. On PO8, both taste buds and CB-IR cells disappeared completely. The regenerated taste buds were first observed on PO12, increased rapidly in number by PO20, and increased slowly thereafter. CB-IR nerve fibers accumulated at the subgemmal region and began penetrating into the trench wall epithelium around PO16. CB-IR cells appeared between PO20 and PO24, and their numbers increased progressively and reached the normal level on PO40. The topographical localizations of the taste buds and CB-IR cells during development and regeneration were comparable to those of normal animals. The delay of the time courses for appearance of CB-IR nerve fibers and CB-IR cells compared to the appearance of taste buds during development and regeneration suggests that CB in the gustatory epithelium may participate in the survival of the taste bud cells rather than in the induction of the taste buds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical localization of calbindin D28k during root formation of rat molar teeth.

The present study was undertaken to examine the localization of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) during the root formation of the rat molar. In the adult rat, CB-LI was detected in some of the cells of the epithelial rest of Malassez at the bifurcational region and in certain cells between the root dentin and cementum at the apical region. These cells had indented nuclei and many tonofilaments, and cementocytes lacked CB-LI. Moreover, CB-LI was observed in the periodontal fibroblasts in the alveolar half of the apical region. During root formation, the cells in the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) lacked CB-LI, but most fragmented cells along the root surface began to express CB-LI when HERS was disrupted. Preodontoblasts and odontoblasts at the apical portion of the root also showed CB-LI. After the formation of cellular cementum, the CB-immunoreactive (-IR) cells were entrapped between the root dentin and cementum in the apical portion of the root. The number of CB-IR cells at the root surface decreased gradually, while that between the root dentin and cementum increased. The fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament began to express CB-LI after commencement of the occlusion, and the number and the staining intensity of CB-IR fibroblasts increased gradually with the passage of time. The present results suggest that CB may play an important role in the survival of the epithelial cells, in the cellular responses of periodontal fibroblasts against mechanical forces caused by the occlusion, and in the initial mineralization by the odontoblasts through the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The calcium binding proteins calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin have specific patterns of expression in the gray matter of cat spinal cord.

Calcium binding proteins (CBPs) regulate intracellular levels of calcium (Ca(2+)) ions. CBPs are particularly interesting from a morphological standpoint, because they are differentially expressed in certain sub-populations of cells in the nervous system of various species of vertebrate animals. However, knowledge on the cellular regulation governing such cell-specific CBP expression is still incomplete. In this work on the L7 segment of the cat spinal cord, we analyzed the localization and morphology of neurons expressing the CBPs calbindin-28 KD (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR), and co-expressing CB and PV, CB and CR, and PV and CR. Single CBP-positive ((+)) neurons showed specific distributions: (1) CB was present in small neurons localized in laminae I, II, III and X, in small to medium size neurons in laminae III-VI, and in medium to large neurons in laminae VI-VIII; (2) PV was present in small size neurons in laminae III and IV and in medial portions of laminae V and VI, medium neurons and in lamina X at the border with lamina VII, in medium to large neurons in laminae VII and VIII; (3) CR labeling was detected in small size neurons in laminae I, II, III and VIII, in medium to large size neurons in laminae I and III-VII, and in small to medium size neurons in lamina X. Double labeled neurons were a small minority of the CBP(+) cells. Co-expression of CB and PV was seen in 1 to 2% of the CBP(+) cells, and they were detected in the ventral and intermediate portions of lamina VII and in lamina X. Co-localization of CB and CR was present in 0.3% of the cells and these cells were localized in lamina II. Double labeling for PV and CR occurred in 6% of the cells, and the cells were localized in ventral part of lamina VII and in lamina VIII. Overall, these results revealed distinct and reproducible patterns of localization of the neurons expressing single CBPs and co-expressing two of them. Distinct differences of CBP expression between cat and other species are discussed. Possible relations between the cat L7 neurons expressing different CBPs with the neurons previously analyzed in cat and other animals are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Calbindin-immunoreactive cholinergic neurones in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer-type dementia.

An antibody to the calcium binding protein, calbindin D28K (CaBP), was used to study the number and size of CaBP-immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) of postmortem human brains from neurologically normal controls and from patients with neuropathologically diagnosed Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). In controls, almost all the large neurones and their processes in the nbM were CaBP immunoreactive. Compared to neurologically normal controls the number of CaBP-immunoreactive neurones in the nbM in patients dying with ATD was significantly reduced and there was a clear loss of the majority of CaBP immunoreactive neurones. The few remaining nbM CaBP immunoreactive neurones in the ATD cases were smaller than those in the neurologically normal controls. Double-staining experiments revealed that many of the nbM CaBP-immunoreactive neurones contained choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, so that CaBP is an alternative marker for the nbM cholinergic neurones in the human fore-brain. These findings suggest that a disturbance in calcium homeostasis may be a possible factor contributing to the loss of these cholinergic/CaBP-containing neurones.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relative sparing in Parkinson's disease of substantia nigra dopamine neurons containing calbindin-D28K.

The distribution of calbindin-D28K (CaBP)-positive neurons was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 4 controls, 5 cases of Parkinson's disease and a single case of strionigral degeneration. CaBP-positive neurons were preferentially localized to the mediodorsal portion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in the beta layer, while CaBP-negative, melanin-positive neurons were concentrated in the ventrolateral SNC in the alpha layer. In Parkinson's disease and the case of strionigral degeneration, there was a relative sparing of the CaBP-positive neurons compared with CaBP-negative, pigmented neurons. These data imply that CaBP may confer some protection to SNC dopaminergic neurons against the pathological process which is responsible for Parkinson's disease and strionigral degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Calbindin D28k-containing splanchnic and cutaneous dorsal root ganglion neurons of the rat.

Calbindin D28k (CaBP)-containing splanchnic and cutaneous sensory neurons in the rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were investigated immunocytochemically in combination with a fluorescent dye tracer (Fluoro gold). About 15% of the DRG neurons at Th9-10 levels showed CaBP-like immunoreactivity. Eighty-four % of the splanchnic sensory neurons were immunoreactive to CaBP, while only 3% of the cutaneous sensory neurons were. The diameters of the splanchnic and cutaneous sensory neurons containing CaBP were 23.4 +/- 6.3 microns and 38.4 +/- 8.8 microns, respectively. Splanchnic sensory neurons containing CaBP were sensitive to capsaicin while cutaneous ones were not. These findings suggest that CaBP-containing splanchnic and cutaneous sensory neurons constitute different subgroups among the DRG neurons at the lower thoracic level.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Parvalbumin-, calretinin- and calbindin-D28k-immunoreactivity and GABA in a forebrain region involved in auditory filial imprinting.

The distribution and morphology of neurons containing the Ca-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D28k (CaBP) and calretinin (CaR) are described in a rostral forebrain region (MNH) of the chick, known to be involved in auditory filial imprinting. PV immunoreactivity is chiefly a marker for numerous large to medium-sized neurons in the neostriatal part of MNH. They show patchy staining of their dendrites, but PV-positive spines are not visible. CaBP is represented in a different neuron population with on the average slightly smaller-sized somata, which carry long, spiny, CaBP-positive dendrites. In contrast to PV and CaBP, CaR immunoreactivity is a marker chiefly for neuropil in MNH but only for few stained neurons. They may be spiny and show the largest size variations. The density of CaR-immunoreactive neuropil is highest in the hyperstriatal part of MNH. Double immunostaining for PV and CaBP reveals that these proteins are expressed mostly in different neuron populations, with only few neurons containing both proteins. These neuron populations appear to form an interconnected network within MNH. A possible relationship between the expression of either Ca-binding protein and the presence of the inhibitory transmitter GABA is also examined. The GABA-antibody labels scattered, very small to medium-sized neurons and dense punctate neuropil. The comparison of the area histograms of somata reveals an overlap with all 3 Ca-binding protein containing cell populations, except for a large proportion of small GABA-positive neurons. The characteristics of immunostained neuron populations are compared to the previously described 3 Golgi-types of neurons in MNH, and possibilities of a functional implication of the proteins in MNH plasticity are examined.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Nerve growth factor increases calcium binding protein (calbindin-D28K) in rat olfactory bulb.

Calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K) is a soluble intracellular protein capable of sequestering micromolar concentrations of calcium. The in vivo regulation of CaBP28K by recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) was studied in adult, male rats. Via Alzet 2002 pumps, each rat received, for 14 days, a lateral ventricle infusion (i.c.v.; n = 5-6/group) of 12 microliters PBS/day containing 1.0 microgram cytochrome C (control) or an equal amount of rhNGF. Six other animals received a vehicle or rhNGF infusion into the central neostriatum. CaBP28K was elevated by 75% (P less than 0.01) in the olfactory bulb following i.c.v. rhNGF in each of two experiments and was not altered in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, cerebellum, or neostriatum. Direct striatal injections of rhNGF did not alter CaBP28K in the neostriatum or other regions (including the olfactory bulb). The increases in olfactory bulb CaBP28K protein levels were verified via Western blot analysis. CaBP28K immunocytochemistry revealed that 33% of olfactory bulb neurons are immunoreactive for CaBP28K and that the number or proportion of immunoreactive neurons did not change with i.c.v. infusions of rhNGF, suggesting that exogenously delivered rhNGF augments the content of CaBP28K in olfactory bulb neurons that normally express the protein. Endogenous NGF may function as a neuroprotective factor by enhancing the ability of these cells to sequester cytoplasmic calcium and retard calcium-mediated neurodegeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification of neuron subpopulations in the rat vestibular ganglion by calbindin-D 28K, calretinin and neurofilament proteins immunoreactivity.

Immunocytochemical and morphometric analyses were combined to demonstrate the presence of neuron subpopulations in the rat vestibular ganglion. Monoclonal antibodies reacting with neurofilament proteins (NF), calbindin-D 28K (CaBP) and calretinin (CaR) were used. Three subpopulations were identified: (1) CaBP- and CaR-positive neurons were the largest neurons (16%) and they were also highly NF-immunoreactive; (2) exclusively NF-positive neurons; (3) unlabelled neurons, representing about two-thirds of the population.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Partial coexistence of neuropeptide Y and calbindin D28k in the trigeminal ganglion following peripheral axotomy of the inferior alveolar nerve in the rat.

Immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the correlation between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the two calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D28k (CB) in the trigeminal ganglion following peripheral axotomy of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the rat. Five days following transection and application of FluoroGold (FG) to the cut end of the IAN, approximately 14.8% (80/539) and 18.6% (90/483) of FG-labeled IAN neurons in the trigeminal ganglion showed PV-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and CB-LI, respectively. The mean +/- S.D. area of FG-labeled PV-like immunoreactive (-IR) cells (FG/PV-IR cells) and FG/CB-IR cells were 835.9 +/- 303.1 mu m2 and 712.7 +/- 246.0 mu m2, respectively. FG/PV-IR cells were significantly larger than FG/CB-IR cells. Fourteen days following peripheral axotomy of the IAN, NPY-LI appeared in the medium- to large-sized cells. Double immunostaining revealed that approximately 3.3% (52/1569) of NPY-IR cells in the axotomized trigeminal ganglion displayed PV-LI, while approximately 26.7% (371/1392) of NPY-IR cells displayed CB-LI. The mean +/- S.D. cross-sectional areas of PV-IR and CB-IR trigeminal ganglion cells displaying NPY-LI were 819.5 +/- 265.6 mu m2 and 766.5 +/- 279.7 mu m2, respectively. There were no significant differences in the cross-sectional areas either between NPY/PV-IR cells and NPY/CB-IR cells, or between FG/PV-IR cells and NPY/PV-IR cells, or between FG/CB-IR cells and NPY/CB-IR cells. The present results indicate that injury-evoked medium- to large-sized NPY neurons were a different population from large-sized PV neurons, and NPY was partly co-localized with CB.

Animals↗