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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Cosmetic dentistry: composites or porcelain?].

The purpose of cosmetic dentistry is to create a more attractive and pleasing smile by improving the esthetics of front teeth. By means of adhesive techniques these beautifications can be done without damaging or jeopardizing the existing dentition. In this article the authors collect arguments and make a plea for simple, non-invasive treatment planning. Composite resins offer in many cases a very good alternative for the more expensive porcelain veneers. An important 'condition' for the successful use of composite resin in cosmetic dentistry, is a dentist with sufficient knowledge, not only of the properties of composite materials, but also of creating predictable esthetic and artistic results. A thorough communication with the patient about his wishes is of course very important. By choosing a less radical treatment, the possibilities for future dental treatment are more extensive.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1994

Cosmetic procedures we all perform.

Dermatologic surgery has always been an integral part of dermatology. Over the past two decades, the scope of dermatologic surgery has greatly expanded to include procedures more traditionally thought of as cosmetic surgery, such as hair transplantation, liposuction, sclerotherapy, or soft tissue augmentation (Zyderm, Zyplast, Fibrel). Also, many dermatologic surgeons are expertly trained to reconstruct large surgical defects with flaps and skin grafts. Although these complex procedures are becoming synonymous with dermatologic surgery, procedures such as "simple" excision, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, curettage, or scissors surgery remain extremely important. These basic procedures are utilized daily in the office to treat a wide variety of skin lesions that may have a cosmetic or reconstructive aspect to them.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1993

[A cosmetic surgery technique for varices in the lower extremities].

The author describes a variant of a cosmetic operation of varicosities of the lower extremities which proved successful in the course of 17 years. The operation was performed in a total of 1823 patients. Minimalization of the size and number of surgical incisions is made possible by the use of very simple instruments comprising an elevator of the saphena magna, strippers for subsidiary varicosities (4 sizes), an applicator of temporary tamponade and two types of chisels for suprafascial and subfascial severing of perforating veins. The number of operations on account of relapses is 9.04% during a representative period in 1990 and 1991. The period of work incapacity is by one week shorter. The cosmetic results are excellent. The instruments and the described technique are at present used in 35 institutes.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Common disorders of pigmentation: when are more than cosmetic cover-ups required?

The many types of pigmentation disorders may present in diverse forms and distributions and have various causes. They can be inherited (eg, vitiligo, familial periorbital hyperpigmentation), acquired (eg, postinflammatory pityriasis alba, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, Becker's nevus, melasma), infectious (eg, tinea versicolor), benign and self-limiting (eg, isolated café au lait spots, photocontact dermatitis), or a sign of more serious underlying disease (eg, multiple café au lait spots, malignant acanthosis nigricans). Primary care physicians see many patients with skin complaints and can often accomplish the early recognition and appropriate treatment that is paramount to cost-effective medicine. In many cases, an important aspect of patient care is education toward realistic expectations, because even with referral and use of extensive treatment, cosmetic results may be disappointing. Assuring patients that the disorder is not dangerous and providing tips on sunscreen and cosmetic use may be the best approach in some cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Cosmetic and functional long-term outcome after operation of Fournier gangrene].

The study documents the long-term cosmetical and functional sequelae in 12 patients treated for Fournier's gangrene after an average of 5 years follow-up. Only 50% of the patients were free of pain. In the majority of cases, the sexual function was impaired by penile deviation or penile torsion as well as by a loss of sensitivity of the penile skin or pain during erection. Two patients suffered from temporary stool incontinence. Despite major complaints due to extensive scarring, most (10 of 12) patients considered their cosmetic result as well as their quality of life to be satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cosmetic upper-facial rejuvenation with botulinum.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type A (Botox), which blocks the release of acetylcholine at the presynaptic neuromuscular junction leading to an irreversible, but temporary chemical denervation muscular paralysis and weakness. This produces a significant cosmetic improvement of wrinkling in the upper face due to hyperfunctional animation. METHOD: A prospective clinical study representing our experience with this new technique is presented. Patient selection and evaluation, classification of animation lines, techniques, results and complications are discussed. In a 15-month period, 23 patients with seven anatomic sites were injected. Twenty-three patients had the lateral aspect and the inferior aspect of their squint lines injected, and 26 patients had their glabellar frownlines injected. RESULTS: Significant improvement occurred to the average depth and length of the glabellar frownlines. The subjective improvement by the patients was also significant. Regarding the crow's feet, the lateral canthal lines showed more improvement than the inferior lateral canthal lines because the latter has a greater component of zygomaticus major and minor muscle, which contributes to the inferior lateral squint line. CONCLUSION: Botox is a safe, easy-to-use, effective modality for the temporary elimination of hyperfunctioning upper-facial muscles.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cosmetic interlamellar keratoplasty].

Interlamellar transplantation of the cornea was performed with cosmetic purpose in 9 patients with blind eyes (coarse vascularized leukoma in 5 and cataracts with newly formed iridal and anterior chamber vessels in 4) and in 2 with peripheral leukomas. The technique of interlamellar keratoplasty consisted in transplantation of a stained disk of donor cornea in the recipient's corneal membrane layers or stratification of the peripheral leukoma followed by carbon black staining. The operation is simple, little traumatic, and brings about a good cosmetic effect in the cases when other methods are impossible to use; the risk of intra- and postoperative complications is minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The cosmetic practice: building from the ground up.

Is this practice management, patient relations, public relations or simply marketing? The name is insignificant as long as one realizes what it is and how it can work for each and every one of us. Call it what you will: practice management, patient relations, etc. Simply stated, marketing is a systematic approach to practice growth which consists of analysis, development of a philosophy or focus, strategies, techniques, and skills. The elements involved include image, identity, environment, and communication, both verbal and nonverbal. Using a structured program that takes into consideration each of these elements will educate patients regarding quality care. It will provide patients with expanded services. It will give patients alternative esthetic options, and give them something to smile about. It will change any practice into a growing and thriving cosmetic practice. One picture is worth a thousand words. The practices that say "cosmetic dentistry" will succeed in the 1990s.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Gateways to patient acceptance of cosmetic procedures.

Many clinicians have the desire to incorporate cosmetic dentistry into their everyday office procedures. It is often challenging to gain patient acceptance for these procedures. This review explores a way in which two services, tooth whitening and chairside esthetic mockups, can be used to introduce patients to cosmetic dentistry, to educate patients, and to increase happiness in the office while providing worthwhile services.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Review of the use of botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis and cosmetic purposes.

This article reviews the current status of dermatological uses for botulinum toxin type A (Botox), recently approved in the United States for treatment of glabellar wrinkles, and type B (Myobloc), approved for cervical dystonia. The respective formulations of Botox and Myobloc are described, and injection techniques and special considerations for administration in the treatment of dermatologic conditions are also discussed. The use of botulinum toxin injections for cosmetic treatment of movement-related facial lines and platysmal bands in the neck is reviewed, including injection procedures, efficacy, and potential complications. Recent developments in the use of botulinum toxins for the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis are also described, comparing type A and type B results. Although direct comparisons between botulinum toxins for dermatologic applications are complicated by the lack of functional equivalence of the standard potency assays, appropriate dosing strategies for obtaining satisfactory clinical results using type B are being established, which will add to the experience already gained with type A. The diffusion characteristics of type B appear to show different and potentially advantageous clinical profiles in the treatment of crows' feet and hyperhidrosis compared with type A.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1998

Childhood injuries from artificial nail primer cosmetic products.

BACKGROUND: Methacrylic acid-containing primers used in artificial nail cosmetic products are typically not contained in child-resistant packaging, although they are sold to the general public. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the type and severity of childhood poisoning injuries involving methacrylic acid-containing artificial nail primers. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of 2 national, population-based injury data sets. SETTING: The 1991 through 1993 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data on emergency department visits compiled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the 1993 through 1995 Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data on calls to poison control centers compiled by the American Association of Poison Control Centers. SUBJECTS: Children younger than 6 years with injuries associated with exposures to nail primers. RESULTS: In the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, there were 769 exposures to nail preparations, 32 (4.2%) of which involved nail primers. Twenty-eight (87.5%) of 32 nail primer exposures involved children younger than 6 years. Of the severe nail primer injuries, 80% involved preschoolers; most of the injuries were dermal burns. In the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data set, there were 759 methacrylic acid-containing nail product exposures, of which 567 (74.7%) occurred in children younger than 6 years. Of exposures in preschool children, 56 (9.9%) resulted in moderate severity injuries and 3 (0.5%) in "major" injuries; there were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial nail primers containing methacrylic acid represent a corrosive hazard to young children and have been associated with severe injuries. New product labeling and packaging regulations and public education measures that recognize this hazard are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw materials by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques.

Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw material samples has been accomplished by three liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques. Two of the techniques involved conventional methodologies of LC/MS and LC/tandem mass spectrometry, both of which can be used to detect and identify products formed under extreme-nitrosation conditions. The third technique utilized an on-line coupling of a photolysis reactor with the LC/MS, and it may be used as a rapid and specific means of screening for the presence of known and unknown N-nitrosamines, which may be carcinogenic.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Determination of preservatives in cosmetics and food samples by micellar liquid chromatography.

An analytical procedure has been developed for the analysis of benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, isopropyl-, and butyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid by micellar liquid chromatography. After dilution in n-propanol the sample was directly injected onto a Lichrosorb ODS, 5 microm (250 x 4.6 mm ID) column and eluted with aqueous 2% Brij-35 adjusted to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid:propanol (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and UV detection at 254 nm. A linear calibration curve was obtained simultaneously for each component in the range of 50-500 microg mL(-1) for benzoic acid and 5-150 microg mL(-1) for the other components; detection limits were within 25-250 ng mL(-1) corresponding to 125-1250 pg per injection (5 microL). The reproducibility in terms of average peak area and average retention time was obtained with coefficients of variation (CV) of 1.2% and 0.5%. The method was applied to analysis of these compounds in cosmetics (shampoos, hand lotions, creams, and bath foam) and food samples.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Plants used in cosmetics.

This review describes the use of some natural products in cosmetic preparations, due to their low mammalian toxicity, with a brief description of the major use, plant parts used, the actives responsible for effect and the benefits of such products. Their use in skin care; such as dryness, eczema, acne, free-radical scavenging, antiinflammatory, antiaging and skin protection effects are explained, and also the use in hair care as hair growth stimulants, hair colorants, and for hair and scalp complaints such as dandruff. Essential oils when incorporated into finished products impart many benefits such as a pleasant aroma in perfumery, shine or conditioning effects in hair care products, emolliency and improving the elasticity of the skin.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of ceramides in cosmetics by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation.

A rapid, sensitive and selective method involving reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was employed for determination of commercial ceramides in cosmetics for quality control of the product formulation. Using this LC/ESI-MS technique, simultaneous separation and characterization of ceramides and an impurity substance were possible. Informative fragmentation patterns were obtained by employing LC/ESI-MS in both positive and negative ionization modes to identify the structures of both sphingoid base and N-acyl chains of ceramides, and also of an impurity. The combination of positive and negative mass spectra can be used for unambiguous confirmation of ceramides and for characterization of unknown species. In-source collision-induced fragmentation resulted in characteristic product anions for the ceramides containing a phytosphingosine moiety at m/z 267, 255 and 225, and for those with a sphingosine moiety at m/z 263 and 237, regardless of the length of the fatty acyl chains. The detection limit was about 0.5 pmol in selected-ion monitoring mode. Quantification using internal standards showed good linearity and a relative standard deviation of 4%. These ceramides were more sensitively detected in positive than in negative ion mode.

Calibration↗
PubMed1993

Percutaneous penetration of N-nitrosodiethanolamine through human skin (in vitro): comparison of finite and infinite dose applications from cosmetic vehicles.

N-Nitroso compounds (nitrosamines) have been detected at the parts per billion level in a wide variety of matrices including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food. Although N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) may be detected as an impurity in some cosmetic products, studies on NDELA absorption through human skin have been limited. A study to determine the extent of NDELA absorption following topical application was therefore undertaken to assist in the proper assessment of risk following unintended exposure. NDELA absorption was measured in vitro through human cadaver skin using isopropyl myristate (IPM) and generic prototype personal-care formulations (sunscreen and shampoo) spiked with [14C]NDELA. When applied as a finite dose at a concentration of 0.06% or lower, NDELA absorption was found to be a linear function of concentration. Total absorption at 48 hr ranged from approximately 35 to 65% of the dose and was formulation dependent (IPM > shampoo > or = sunscreen). Absorption occurred relatively rapidly from all formulations and peak rates of absorption were seen within the first 5 hr from the IPM and shampoo formulations. When applied as an infinite dose, total NDELA absorption followed a different rank order (shampoo > or = IPM > sunscreen) and evidence of barrier damage was seen with the shampoo formulation.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of PREDISAFE, a cell kit for predicting eye irritancy of cosmetic raw materials and formulations.

A cell kit named PREDISAFE based on the use of confluent rabbit fibroblastic cells has been designed to predict eye irritancy of cosmetic raw materials and formulations. The kit can be stored for a few days and/or shipped at room temperature. Cytotoxicity was estimated after 1 min or 15 min contact with test compounds using the neutral red release assay. For the 84 products tested, IC50 values gave intervals similar to classes defined from the Draize test, i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme irritancy.

Animals↗