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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Clinical and microbiologic surveillance of neonatal staphylococcal disease. Relationship to hexachlorophene whole-body bathing.

Neonatal staphylococcal disease occurred in the nurseries of a university hospital three weeks after discontinuation of routine, daily, whole-body bathing of newborns with hexachlorophene. Of 16 infants who had clinical manifestations within a two-week period, 11 cases were confirmed bacteriologically. Shortly after onset of the outbreak, daily clinical and microbiologic surveillance and control measures on all infants and personnel were inaugurated. Clinical surveillance after the outbreak did not yield any new case. Average incidence of cultures positive for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was highest (13% per week) during the first three weeks of microbiologic surveillance (when hexachlorophene was not used). This is lower than that reported in most previous studies. These findings indicate the importance of scrupulous hand washing before and after handling each infant and of enforcement of other basic nursery techniques.

Baths↗
PubMed2002

Trajectory of assistive device usage and user and non-user characteristics: long-handled bath sponge.

OBJECTIVES: To examine use of an assistive device, a long-handled bath sponge (LHBS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis to describe use from the time of in-hospital prescription to the 2- and 12-month followups, and to describe the characteristics of those who became device users and non-users. METHODS: Patients (n = 102) who were prescribed a LHBS during hospitalization were followed prospectively. The clinical and psychosocial assessment included disease, physical and psychosocial factors, and disability. RESULTS: The overall usage rate for the LHBS was 86%. When compared with users, non-users had fewer arthritic joints, perceived greater control over their disability and pain, and had less favorable perceptions of the LHBS. Characteristics that did not differentiate non-users from users were sociodemographic variables, disease duration, movement capability, level of disability and pain, and general perceptions of assistive devices. CONCLUSION: The results support the early identification of patients who are likely to become non-users so that acceptable alternative interventions can be planned.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Effects of acclimatization to cold baths on men's responses to whole-body cooling in air.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermoregulatory mechanisms underlying artificial acclimatization to cold and to compare them with those of naturally acclimatized men. Six white men were cooled, nude, in air at 10 degrees C for 2 h before and after they had been acclimatized by ten daily cold (15 degrees C) baths of 30-60 min followed by rapid rewarming in hot (38-42 degrees C) water, and again 4 months later after acclimatization had decayed. Six control subjects also underwent the same tests, providing an opportunity to discriminate between changes caused by the immersions and those caused by extraneous influences. Acclimatization significantly reduced heat production and heat loss (P < 0.05) but did not change heat debt. The reduced heat production was accompanied by reductions in shivering (P < 0.10) and in cold-induced muscle tenseness; no evidence of nonshivering thermogenesis or active brown fat was found. These findings are attributed to increased tissue insulation, mediated by an enhanced vascular response to cold that did not involve the cutaneous circulation and was probably located in skeletal muscle. Thermal sensation and discomfort did not change, although perceived strain tended to increase (P = 0.08). Acclimatization was accompanied by, but was unrelated to, slower cooling of the finger and toe. The main conclusions, and many specific findings, agree with those of two previous studies made by the same techniques in naturally acclimatized men wintering in Antarctica. Other significant findings included changes--in particular reduced thermoneutral rectal temperature and a delayed onset of shivering--that are commonly regarded as evidence of acclimatization but were in fact unrelated to it as they also occurred in the control group. They are attributed to extraneous influences, in particular the relaxation of heightened arousal ('first-time effects') found in the baseline tests.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1993

Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to noradrenaline in men acclimatized to cold baths.

The purpose of this study was to see whether artificial acclimatization to cold would reduce the pressor response to noradrenaline (NA) as natural acclimatization has been shown to do, and whether it would induce nonshivering thermogenesis. Three white men were infused with NA at four dosage levels between 0.038 and 0.300 microgram.kg-1.min-1 (2-23 micrograms.min-1), before and after artificial acclimatization to cold and again 4 months later when acclimatization had decayed. Acclimatization was induced by ten daily cold (15 degrees C) baths of 30-60 min followed by rapid rewarming in hot (38-42 degrees C) water, and was confirmed by tests of the subjects' responses to whole-body cooling in air. Three control subjects also underwent the first and third tests. Acclimatization substantially reduced the pressor response to NA at 0.150 and 0.300 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, confirming earlier findings by the same technique in naturally acclimatized men, and its decay increased this response to beyond its initial levels (P < 0.05 for both changes). Acclimatization did not change the response to NA of heart rate, subjective impressions, skin temperature of finger and toe, pulmonary ventilation, or plasma free fatty acids and ketone bodies. At no time did NA increase oxygen consumption, or increase skin temperature or heat flow over reported sites of brown fat. These findings would seem to show that acclimatization to cold reduces sensitivity to the pressor effect of NA but does not induce nonshivering thermogenesis, and that the reduced sensitivity is replaced by a hypersensitivity to NA when acclimatization decays.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1980

A quantitative study of free amino acids in eccrine sweat collected from the forearms of healthy young men during sauna bathing.

Using ion-exchange column chromatography we measured the free amino acids in eccrine sweat collected from the forearms of 20 healthy young men at intervals of 15, 30, and 45 min during sauna bathing. In comparison with the amino acid concentrations determined after 15 min of sweating (100%) a significant and uniform decrease occurred in the concentrations of all amino acids examined after a further 15 min (65%), with a further decrease after another 15 min (45%). These results indicate that either the mechanism of excretion of amino acids in the secretory cells of the eccrine sweat glands, or the reabsorption of amino acids by the ductular cells, or the combination of both mechanisms are similar for all the amino acids examined here.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Haemodynamic and hormonal responses to heat exposure in a Finnish sauna bath.

Eight healthy young men were studied during three periods of heat exposure in a Finnish sauna bath: at 80 degrees C dry bulb (80 D) and 100 degrees C dry bulb (100 D) temperatures until subjective discomfort, and in 80 degrees C dry heat, becoming humid (80 DH) until subjective exhaustion. Oral temperature increased 1.1 degrees C at 80 D, 1.9 degrees C at 100 D and 3.2 degrees C at 80 DH. Heart rate increased about 60% at 80 D, 90% at 100 D and 130% at 80 DH. Plasma noradrenaline increased about 100% at 80 D, 160% at 100 D and 310% at 80 DH. Adrenaline did not change. Plasma prolactin increased 2-fold at 80 D, 7-fold at 100 D and 10-fold at 80 DH. Blood concentrations of the beta-endorphin immunoreactivity at 100 D, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at 100 D and 80 DH, growth hormone at 100 D and testosterone at 80 DH also increased, but cortisol at 80 D and 100 D decreased. The plasma prostaglandin E2 and serum thromboxane B2 levels did not change. Patterns related to heat exposure were observed for heart rate, plasma noradrenaline, ACTH and prolactin in the three study periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inflatable bath for external cooling.

The authors describe an inflatable bath which can be used rapidly and safely, with a minimum of patient manipulation, for external cooling of hyperthermic patients or in the elective induction of hypothermia. This device permits ready access to the patient so that monitoring and treatment can be carried on while cooling is in progress and is particularly adopted to use in the operating room.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1999

[Ofuji papuloerythroderma: PUVA bath treatment].

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji is a rare skin disorder described primarily in Japanese patients. It occurs primarily in elderly men. The initial lesions are diffuse red papules, sparing the face, palms and soles. Later the papules coalesce into an erythroderma, with typical sparing of the skin folds and creases (the deck chair sign). Pruritus is usually intense. Lymphadenopathy, peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated IgE levels all are common. Both systemic corticosteroids and systemic PUVA therapy have been recommended. We describe a German male who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for papuloerythroderma of Ofuji and responded well to PUVA bath therapy with both improvement in skin findings and reduction in pruritus.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) effectively decreases blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

The influence of "shinrin-yoku" (forest-air bathing and walking) on blood glucose levels in diabetic patients was examined. Eighty-seven (29 male and 58 female) non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients [61 (SEM 1) years old] participated in the present study. Shinrin-yoku was performed nine times over a period of 6 years. The patients were divided into two parties. They then walked in the forest for 3 km or 6 km according to their physical ability and/or the existence of diabetic complications. The mean blood glucose level after forest walking changed from 179 (SEM 4) mg.100 ml-1 to 108 (SEM 2) mg.100 ml-1 (P < 0.0001). The level of glycated haemoglobin A1c also decreased from 6.9 (SEM 0.2)% (before the first shinrin-yoku) to 6.5 (SEM 0.1)% (after the last shinrin-yoku; P < 0.05). Blood glucose values declined by 74 (SEM 9) mg.100 ml-1 and 70 (SEM 4) mg.100 ml-1 after short- and long-distance walking respectively. There was no significant difference between these values. Since the forest environment causes changes in hormonal secretion and autonomic nervous functions, it is presumed that, in addition to the increased calorie consumption and improved insulin sensitivity, walking in a forest environment has other beneficial effects in decreasing blood glucose levels.

Baths↗
PubMed2003

Sexually transmitted diseases in Japanese female commercial sex workers working in massage parlors with cell baths.

A cross-sectional study of Japanese female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) working in massage parlors with cell baths (MPCBs) was conducted between July 1999 and December 2001. The study subjects were 171 FCSWs aged from 19 to 36 years. A questionnaire included sexual characteristics in addition to working name and date of birth. We serologically or bacteriologically confirmed the prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. There were no differences in the clinical characteristics of FCSWs working in standard-class MPCBs (group A) and those working in expensive-class MPCBs (group B). With respect to sexual characteristics, HIV-1 and HIV-2 were not confirmed in any subjects, but N. gonorrhoeae was detected in 1.2%. Use of condoms was 98.4% in group A and 83.3% in group B ( P < 0.01). No HIV infection and an extremely low prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were recognized in Japanese FCSWs working in standard- and expensive-class MPCBs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Night-time sleep EEG changes following body heating in a warm bath.

Six healthy female volunteers (22-24 years), physically untrained (unfit), sat in baths of warm or cool water for 90 min, between 14.30 h and 17.30 h, on separate occasions. In the former condition (HOT), rectal temperature (Tr) rose by an average of 1.8 degrees C, and in the latter (COOL), a thermoneutral condition, there was a nil Tr change. All-night sleep EEGs were monitored after both occasions and on baseline nights. Following COOL, there was no significant change in any sleep parameter. After HOT there were significant increases in: sleepiness at bed-time, slow wave sleep, and stage 4 sleep. REM sleep was reduced, particularly in the first REM sleep period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A probabilistic model of bathing beach safety.

An improved mathematical model for bathing beach safety is proposed. It is derived by joining the probability of infection from a given dose (Poisson distribution and the probability of acquiring such a dose (lognormal distribution). Even in the absence of better clinical and epidemiological data, the model permits an assessment of relative risk from certain hazards and the design of more meaningful bacteriological standards for individual beaches.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

A placebo-controlled trial of the effect of two preoperative baths or showers with chlorhexidine detergent on postoperative wound infection rates.

The effect of preoperative whole-body washing with chlorhexidine detergent on the incidence of postoperative wound infection was assessed in a placebo-controlled trial of 1989 patients. Patients bathed or showered with chlorhexidine, placebo, or conventional bar soap, on two occasions in the 24 h before operation. The overall infection rate for patients treated with chlorhexidine was 9%, against 12.8% in the bar soap and 11.7% in the placebo groups; in the 'clean' surgery group infections were 7.2% against 10.2% and 10%, respectively. The Staphylococcus aureus infection rate in the 'clean' group was 3% for chlorhexidine against 6% for bar soap.

Baths↗
PubMed1992

Survival in major burn injuries treated by one bathing in cerium nitrate.

Sixty-four patients aged 16-74 years with total body surface area burns (TBSA) ranging from 30 to 90 per cent, were given one bathing in 0.04 M cerium nitrate within 4 h of admission to hospital. Of 21 patients aged 16-30 years, one died (aged 28 with 90 per cent TBSA), and of those aged 31-74 years, two died, one (aged 50 years with 55 per cent TBSA) had multiple internal injuries, the other (aged 51 years with 55 per cent TBSA) had a pulmonary embolism at day 19. Two risk scores, developed from data on 11,200 burn patients treated by standard methods (Roi et al. 1983), were applied to the analysis of risk for 59 patients for whom both total burn surface (TB) and full thickness (FT) areas had been recorded. About 20 patients bore risk of 0.8 or greater on the FT scale and 1.0 on the TB scale, yet instead of 80 per cent deaths among these, only two died. No FT assessment had been made on the multiple injury death whose TB risk score was 0.66. Such survival results in high-risk patients should encourage the use of cerium nitrate for treating serious burn injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Contribution of (222)Rn-bearing water to the occupational exposure in thermal baths.

The present study investigates the short- and long-term effects of radon ((222)Rn) released from water on the progeny exposure in a thermal spa. For the purposes of this work, the Polichnitos spa was used as a case study. The bathroom was supplied with water containing 110-210 kBq m(-3) of (222)Rn. The (222)Rn concentration in air and the short-lived (222)Rn progenies in attached and unattached form were monitored into the bathroom and the surrounding premises. The equilibrium factor (F-factor) and the unattached fraction were estimated. The results of this study show that water flow during bath filling is by far the dominant mechanism by which (222)Rn is released in the air of the bathroom. The progeny exposure was correlated linearly with the (222)Rn concentration in the entering water. The annual effective dose received by a worker was found to be below the lower limit value of 3 mSv recommended by ICRP 65. The dose limit was exceeded only for water containing more than 300 kBq m(-3).

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2004

Impact of the stage of dementia on the time required for bathing-related care: a pilot study in a Japanese nursing home.

Time required for bathing-related care for nursing home residents with various stages of severe dementia were observed. Time required for each resident, including guiding to the bathroom, undressing, and dressing were plotted in graphs in order to make comparisons. The situations and conversations observed for the instances when additional time was needed were analyzed. Stage of dementia affected the amount of time required for the task of guiding to the bathroom, but did not appear to affect time required for dressing or undressing. For dressing and undressing, additional time was required when caregivers failed to keep to a specific routine.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Local and systemic vasodilation following hypnotic suggestion of warm tub bathing.

During hypnosis it is easy to induce hallucinations having, for the hypnotized subject, the characteristics and the concreteness of reality. This study was performed to put in evidence the physical effects of hypnotic suggestion of warm tub bathing. 18 volunteers screened for high hypnotizability were studied. They underwent suggestion of forearm in warm water (30 min), suggestion of body in warm water (30 min), and hypnosis without any thermal suggestion (30 min), while blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, forearm flow and resistance, stroke volume, cardiac index and total peripheral resistance were monitored. During suggestion of forearm in warm water, local vasodilation was recorded, with decrease of forearm resistance (-18%, P<0.01) and increase of forearm blood flow (+43%, P<0.01) like in real local passive warming. During suggestion of whole-body in a warm water tub, there was a systemic vasodilation with decrease of total peripheral resistance (-29%, P<0.01) and increase of cardiac index (+54%, P<0.01), like in real total-body passive warming. Body temperature, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged. During simple hypnosis (sham procedure) no haemodynamic variations were observed. These results are in keeping with the possibility to induce through hypnotic suggestion of heat a physical pattern that is typical of hyperthermia, even without increase in body temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Do we all face the same risk when bathing in the estuary?

With the development of coastal areas, microbial water quality is an emerging public health issue though few studies have focused on risks according to age. A survey was undertaken of faecal contamination in relation to recreational activities in the Peel Harvey estuarine system, Western Australia. Levels of exposure to contaminated water were estimated though social surveys. Follow-up was also conducted to estimate the incidence of disease associated with bathing in the estuary. Pathogen levels exceeded the guideline values recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) at most locations throughout the year. The social survey provided information about exposure of the population in age groups. Only 31% of the recreational users belonged to the healthy adult group upon which the WHO quantitative microbial risk assessment model is based. A correlation was established between microbial water quality and incidence of respiratory diseases for children as well as for adults. Exposure to recreational water increased the incidence of respiratory illnesses for the whole population almost by a factor 2. Behaviours which resulted in increased exposures were associated with increased incidence of illnesses were observed, particularly among children aged 11-15 yr, who exhibited the highest odd ratio (OR 4.23 [2.44-6.01], CI 95%, p=0.05). There is a need for combining epidemiology studies with risk assessment processes and complementing them with social surveys for understanding the risk of recreational activities to public health.

Adolescent↗