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Results for “BODY FLUID BALANCE”

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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rapid bedside method to assess changes in postoperative fluid status with bioelectrical impedance analysis.

BACKGROUND: Estimates of daily postoperative fluid balance usually rely on properly recorded inputs, outputs, and daily weights or clinical signs. These may be imprecise (when poorly done) and are often considered tedious to perform. METHODS: We used bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) to assess changes in body water shifts in cardiac patients after surgery. Nine consecutively admitted patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (seven men and two women; age range, 43 to 67 years) were studied. Body weight, fluid intake and output, and BIA variables (resistance and reactance) were measured daily. Relationships between body weight and changes in resistance and reactance and net change in fluid balance (in liters per day) were evaluated statistically by regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean body weights changed significantly, reflecting early operative fluid accumulation and later postoperative diuresis; net fluid balance correlated poorly (r = 0.48; p less than 0.05) with body weight, whereas both resistance (r = -0.82; p less than 0.001) and reactance (r = -0.92; p less than 0.0001) correlated highly with net fluid balance. CONCLUSIONS: BIA is useful as an accurate, rapid bedside method for assessing changes in hydration status sequentially after surgery in cardiac patients with complicated fluid shifts.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Bedside determination of fluid accumulation after cardiac surgery using segmental bioelectrical impedance.

OBJECTIVES: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is based on the physical property of tissues to conduct electrical currents, impedance being inversely related to tissue fluid content. At high frequency, the electrical current flows across both intracellular and extracellular pathways, making the assessment of fat-free mass possible while a low-frequency current flows through the extracellular space. Similarly, segmental BIA may be used to assess segmental body fluid repartition. The aim of this study was to assess fluid accumulation after cardiac surgery by multiple frequency segmental BIA. DESIGN: Observational, clinical study. SETTING: A 17-bed, surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-six patients before and after open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After surgery, fluid accumulation resulted in a decrease in whole-body and segmental bioelectrical impedance in the arm and in the trunk. There was a good correlation between the fluid accumulation measured by fluid balance and by whole-body or segmental impedance changes. The major part (71%) of fluid accumulation occurred in the trunk. Multiple frequency measurements did not indicate a fluid shift between the intra- and extracellular compartments. CONCLUSION: Cardiac surgery produced a significant decrease in segmental trunk BIA, reflecting fluid accumulation at the trunk level.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Human cytokine responses to coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. This has been attributed to cytokine release caused by extracorporeal circulation and myocardial ischemia. This study compares the inflammatory response after CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass and after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Cytokine release and complement activation (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, complement factor C3a, and C1 esterase inhibitor) were determined in 24 patients before and after CABG or MIDCABG. The maximum body temperature, chest drainage, and fluid balance were recorded for 24 hours after operation. RESULTS: Release of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 was significantly higher (p < or = 0.005) in the CABG group than the MIDCABG group just after operation. After 24 hours, a significant increase in interleukin-6 was also found in the MIDCABG group (p = 0.001) compared with preoperative value. Body temperature and fluid balance were significantly higher after CABG (p < or = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting represents a less traumatizing technique of surgical revascularization. The reduction in the inflammatory response may be advantageous for patients with a high degree of comorbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1963

NASAL SALT GLAND: INDEPENDENCE OF SALT AND WATER TRANSPORT.

The nasal salt-secreting gland of the domestic duck can produce a fluid with a sodium chloride concentration about three times that in blood plasma. To study the cellular mechanism responsible for the formation of the highly concentrated fluid, the gland was poisoned by retrograde injection of mercuric chloride into the lumen, decreasing the salt concentration to that in plasma while the volume of secretion was unchanged. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazoleamide) caused a moderate decrease in salt concentrations, again with maintenance of volume of secretion. The results suggest that concentration and volume of the secreted fluid depend on two different cellular mechanisms.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1999

Fluid-electrolyte balance during labor and exercise: concepts and misconceptions.

Body water and electrolyte balance are essential to optimal physiological function and health. During exercise, work, or high temperatures, a significant level of dehydration can develop, and the ratio of extracellular to intracellular fluid can change, despite an ample supply of water. Physical and cognitive performance are impaired at 1-2% dehydration, and the body can collapse when water loss approaches 7%. Because fluid needs and intakes vary, formulating one general guideline for fluid replacement is difficult. Knowing the amount of water lost in sweat may enable predicting fluid needs via mathematical models for industrial, athletic, and military scenarios. Sodium imbalance might result from excessive Na+ loss or from gross overhydration. In most work or exercise lasting < 3-4 hr, the major concern is that fluid be available to prevent heat-related illnesses, which can be prevented if fluid and electrolyte losses are balanced with intake, using the recommendations presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Influence of sterilization on the mineralization of titanium implants induced by incubation in various biological model fluids.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the sterilization processes on the mineralization of titanium implants induced by incubation in various biological model fluids. Titanium samples were submitted to the following sterilization processes used for implant materials: steam autoclaving, glow discharge Ar plasma treatment and gamma-irradiation. The modification of the treated surfaces was evaluated by contact angle determinations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), laser profilometry and X-ray diffraction. The most significant modifications were detected on the wettability: while the samples treated with Ar plasma became highly hydrophilic (water contact angle approximately 0 degrees), gamma-irradiation and steam sterilization induced an increase in the hydrophobicity. After being sterilized, the samples were incubated for one week in three biological model fluids: Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) and a fluid, designated by SBF0, with the same composition of SBF but without buffer TRIS. The level of mineralization of the incubated Ti samples, assessed by dynamic contact angle analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy and XPS, indicated that the early stages of mineralization are essentially independent of the sterilization method. In contrast, the incubating fluid plays a determinant role, SBFO being the most efficient medium for biomineralization of titanium.

Biocompatible Materials↗