Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Aggressive Periodontitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Ex vivo studies of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with early-onset periodontitis (III). CR3 and LFA-1 expression by peripheral blood and gingival crevicular polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

In this study, we assessed the LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a) and CR3 (CD18/CD11b) expression on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PB-PMN) and crevicular fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes (CF-PMN), by subjects with a healthy periodontium (n = 7), gingivitis (n = 8), early-onset periodontitis (n = 17) and adult periodontitis (n = 8). Using flow cytometry analysis, the %s of CD18, CD11a and CD11b positive cells and the absolute numbers of fluorescent molecules were determined. No significant difference could be found among the 4 groups, for these 2 kinds of parameters, in PB-PMN or CF-PMN. However, a great difference could be noted between the results obtained from PB-PMN and those obtained from CF-PMN. The %s of positive CF-PMN were significantly lower than those of PB-PMN for the 3 sub-units (p < 0.001). The levels of CD18 and CD11b expressed by CF-PMN were higher than those expressed by PB-PMN and the difference was significant for CD11b (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the level of CD11a expressed on CF-PMN was significantly lower than that expressed by PB-PMN (p < 0.001). Hence, our current results show that early-onset periodontitis PMN can be quite normal and this fact is not surprising insofar as, in our study, these cells were perfectly functional and all the subjects were in good health. We concluded that the analysis of the leukocyte adhesion receptors expression on PB-PMN does not appear useful for helping to establish a differential diagnosis between the different forms of periodontitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Periodontal disease in American Indians and Alaska Natives.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this paper is to provide information on the periodontal disease status of Native Americans using a variety of data sources. The impact of periodontal disease on the provision of dental care within the Indian Health Service (IHS) is also discussed. METHODS: Four data sources were used to evaluate the periodontal disease status of Native Americans: IHS periodontal disease monitoring system (1962-78), 1984 IHS Patient Oral Health Survey, 1990 WHO community-based survey (ICS-II), and the 1991 IHS Patient Oral Health Survey. RESULTS: There appears to be a trend toward a higher prevalence of incipient and overt periodontal disease among Native Americans over time. The prevalence of overt periodontal disease (periodontal pockets > 5.5 mm) is higher among Native American diabetic patients than nondiabetic patients (34% vs 19%). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the variety of indices used by the IHS during the last 20 years, it is difficult to make direct comparisons of the available periodontal disease data. However, it appears that the prevalence of periodontal disease among Native Americans is increasing. Type II diabetes accounts for significant increases in periodontal disease and tooth loss in Native American populations. Certain forms of early onset periodontal disease also may pose significant threats to the oral health of Native Americans.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of tissue-invading microorganisms in localized juvenile periodontitis.

This transmission and scanning electron microscope study documents the invasion of microorganisms into the gingiva and along resorbing alveolar bone surfaces in a 15-year-old patient with localized juvenile periodontitis. The invading bacteria were mainly Gram-negative fusiform, coccobacilli and spirochetes. Microorganisms identified as Mycoplasma were also found to invade in some areas. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were seen in association with the bacteria. The majority of bacteria were covered by PMNs and enclosed by the phagocyte but did not appear to lie within phagosomes. High numbers of PMNs were found in the gingival connective tissue inflammatory infiltrate and in the pocket epithelium. Invasion into the gingiva and alveolar bone by bacteria and Mycoplasma in localized juvenile periodontitis may be importance in the therapy of this infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Tissue localization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontitis. I. Light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies.

Invasion of periodontal tissues by different bacterial morphotypes has been reported in human periodontitis; however, limited information is available as to prevalence, localization and the bacterial species involved. The present study determined prevalence and gingival localization of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal lesions of juvenile periodontitis patients. Thirty-five gingival biopsies were obtained from 12 juvenile periodontitis patients at the time of periodontal therapy. One additional control biopsy was obtained from each of two adult periodontally healthy subjects, one adult periodontitis patient and one periodontally healthy monkey (Macaca fosibolius). The biopsies were carefully processed to avoid mechanical introduction of bacteria into the tissues and were examined using light and electron microscopy. Rabbit antisera specific for the three A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes were used for immunofluorescence microscopic localization of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed A. actinomycetemcomitans specific antigens in the gingival tissues of 11 of the 12 juvenile patients examined. None of the control specimens showed evidence of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival connective tissue. One specimen from a periodontally healthy subject and the monkey biopsy, however, showed A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in bacterial plaque on the surface of the crevicular epithelium. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed microcolonies of small gram-negative rods in the connective tissue, as well as single bacterial cells between collagen fibers and in areas of cell debris. In addition to these extracellular bacterial cells, evidence of bacterial cells was also found within gingival connective tissue phagocytic cells. The data from the present study suggest that the gingival tissue in juvenile periodontitis lesions harbors A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1989

HLA: a review of actual knowledge and perspectives in periodontology.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex is a relatively poorly explored research area among the various immunological aspects of periodontal diseases. After a recall of general concepts, the authors first describe the general HLA-pathology association and then, the reported HLA-periodontal disease associations. HLA theoretical potential interests are multiple. Typing results show, on one hand, no clear correlation with juvenile periodontitis (diminution of A 2, augmentation of A 9, A 28, Bw 15 and Bw 35) but on the other hand, a more constant correlation between HLA A 9 and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Besides, three resistance factors have been reported: A 10, B 5 and A 28.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and classification of the periodontal diseases.

A classification for gingivitis and periodontitis has been proposed based on clinical observations and immunologic parameters (summarized in Table 10). Overlapping clinical situations and exceptions to the rule certainly exist and pose challenges to clinicians during diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. The clinical significance of making the diagnosis of either rapidly progressive periodontitis, juvenile, or prepubertal forms of periodontitis compared with adult periodontitis must be considered. A diagnosis of early-onset disease may (1) modify the periodontal treatment plan and may include the use of systemic antibiotics (for example, tetracyclines) or antiplaque agents (for example, sanguinarine, chlorhexidine); (2) modify the prosthetic treatment plan and require longer periods of monitoring before extensive replacement or splinting is initiated; (3) increase the frequency of periodontal recall appointments (at least four to six times during the first year or two following peridontal therapy); (4) implicate a genetic basis for the disease with the possibility of peridontal involvement of other family members; (5) influence decisions on prognosis; and (6) alert the clinician for potential future rapid periodontal breakdown. Future studies will further define and characterize all forms of periodontal diseases. Clinical, microbial, and immunologic information may permit inclusion of the relatively rare forms of periodontitis such as ANUG periodontitis and refractory periodontitis. Understanding the underlying biologic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the periodontal diseases, coupled with clinical observations, will permit improved clinical investigations that ultimately will improve therapeutic approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Absence of an especially toxic clone among isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recovered from army recruits.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a major periodontal pathogen which is associated with early-onset and adult periodontitis. The organism has been shown to be widely distributed among dentate, healthy individuals as well. It has been demonstrated that A. actinomycetemcomitans shows great genetic diversity. An especially virulent clone of the organism (JP2-like) with a specific 530-base pair (bp) deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene has been isolated from localized juvenile periodontitis patients and related subjects of African and African-American origin. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of this specific clone employing specific oligonucleotide primers in a polymerase chain reaction among 51 isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans recovered from 201, 18- to 25-year-old recruits with no or minor periodontal disease. In addition, clinical isolates from 37 periodontitis patients were analyzed as well as reference strains ATCC 29524, NCTC 9710, Y4 and JP2. Primers amplifying a specific 285-bp amplification product in the ltxA region of the leukotoxin gene and a specific 547-bp amplification product of 16 S rRNA were used to genetically confirm identification of the organisms. Primers amplifying sequences in the leukotoxin promoter region were used to identify the deletion. Species specific primers definitively identified all A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. No isolates from army recruits or the reference strains displayed the deletion in the leukotoxin promoter region. However, in the periodontitis group, a 24-year-old individual from Ghana with localized juvenile periodontitis was identified with an intraoral infection with highly toxic A. actinomycetemcomitans (JP2-like). Present results confirm previous observations of absence of a highly toxic clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans among periodontally healthy and diseased Caucasians as well as a possible presence in localized juvenile periodontitis in individuals of African origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Immunolocalization of inducible nitric oxide synthase in localized juvenile periodontitis patients.

Localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) is associated with a destruction of periodontal tissues and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from AA was found to induce a significant macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO). Increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was found to be negatively correlated with the neutrophil chemotactic response. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of inducible NOS (iNOS) in human gingival tissue from LJP patients. The distribution of iNOS was assessed by monoclonal antibody against iNOS. Cellular markers (CD 3, CD 20, and CD 68) were used to determine the cellular origin of iNOS. The immunostaining revealed the appearance of iNOS in inflamed compared to noninflamed gingival tissues. Macrophages expressed high levels of iNOS that may cause some damage to the periodontal tissues. This study suggests that iNOS activity in macrophages may modify abnormalities of neutrophil function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fibronectin levels of unstimulated saliva from naval recruits with and without chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.

Past studies have suggested that gingival crevicular fluid is produced more readily in persons with severe periodontal diseases than in persons with healthy gingivae. In this study, salivary fibronectin was selected as an index of total gingival crevicular fluid flow. Our purpose was to determine whether a relationship could be found between salivary fibronectin level and periodontal disease status. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 20 healthy and 20 periodontally-diseased naval recruits. The periodontally-diseased subjects included 10 with localized juvenile periodontitis and 10 with moderate to severe periodontitis. Mean subject ages and salivary flow rates were similar for the 2 groups. Although 2 of the periodontally-diseased subjects showed unusually high fibronectin levels, the mean level for the remaining 18 subjects did not differ significantly from the mean of the healthy group, and no association of periodontal disease status with salivary fibronectin content was seen. Consequently, it was not evident from salivary fibronectin levels that the content of gingival crevicular fluid in unstimulated whole saliva differed significantly for persons with or without severe periodontal disease, except possibly for extreme cases of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Metronidazole plus amoxycillin in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis.

The potential use of an adjunctive therapy of metronidazole plus amoxycillin for the subgingival elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients was investigated. 22 patients participated in this study, 11 with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and 11 with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). 14 patients had received periodontal treatment in the past. All patients were subgingivally infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. After mechanical subgingival debridement in combination with the antibiotic treatment, elimination of A. actinomycetemcomitans was achieved in all patients but one. With this one exception, clinical improvements were observed in all patients, resulting in reduced pocket probing depths as well as in a significant reduction in bleeding on probing. Re-examination of 16 patients after 9-11 months revealed that A. actinomycetemcomitans was still undetectable and further clinical improvement was observed. It was concluded that the combination of metronidazole plus amoxycillin is a valuable adjunct to mechanical therapy in A. actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontal infections.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1996

Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontitis patients.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases seem to be related to tissue destruction in periodontitis. The presence of MMPs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva, however, has not been studied comprehensively with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-technique. We therefore examined the levels of MMP-1, -3, -8 and -9, and their endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), in GCF and saliva of patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Elevated levels of MMP-1 were detected in LJP GCF compared to AP and control GCF. Elevated levels of TIMP-1 were also detected in LJP GCF in comparison to AP and control GCF. Higher MMP-8 levels were detected in AP GCF compared to LJP and control GCF. The relative low levels of MMP-3 were present in all studied GCF samples. Elevated levels of MMP-8 were further detected in saliva of AP compared to LJP and the controls. Both MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were detected in all studied saliva samples, but not significant differences were detected between the studied groups. Our ELISA-results confirm that (i) PMN MMP-8 and MMP-9 are the main collagenase and gelatinase in AP GCF, whereas GCF collagenase in LJP seems to be of the MMP-1-type; (ii) only low levels of TIMP-1, endogenous MMP-inhibitor, are present in AP GCF, which emphasises the importance of doxycycline as a possible adjunctive drug in the treatment of AP patients; (iii) tests based on specific antibodies against PMN MMPs, especially MMP-8, might serve as a reliable method of measuring and monitoring enzyme levels in GCF from different periodontitis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Longitudinal assessment of early onset periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of early onset periodontitis and to investigate factors which may influence its clinical course. For the past 15 years we have been conducting a study of families with early onset periodontitis, and have examined 142 localized juvenile periodontitis and 185 severe generalized early onset periodontitis patients. In order to study the clinical course of early onset periodontitis we recalled our subject population to determine their periodontal status. Forty (40) patients with localized early onset periodontitis (LJP) and 48 with generalized early onset periodontitis (SP) were re-examined. The time since the most recent visit for LJP patients was approximately 3 years and for SP patients almost 4 years. LJP patients who received periodontal therapy on the average gained periodontal attachment. In contrast, LJP patients who did not receive therapy lost periodontal attachment. SP patients lost periodontal attachment regardless of whether or not they had periodontal therapy. SP patients also lost an average of one tooth during the approximately 4 years of observation. LJP patients lost very few teeth with only 4 teeth being lost in 40 patients. The results of this study suggest that localized juvenile periodontitis is a stable disease in most individuals. In contrast, patients with severe generalized early onset periodontitis continued to lose both periodontal attachment and teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Early-onset periodontitis associated with Weary-Kindler syndrome: a case report.

Weary-Kindler syndrome is a rare and poorly understood genetic disorder that has manifestations of both epidermolysis bullosa and poikiloderma congenitale. There are approximately 70 cases documented in the past 40 years but no cases appear in the dental literature, although dental findings have been discussed superficially in dermatological and pediatric publications. This case reports on the periodontal findings and treatment for a 16-year-old female diagnosed with the syndrome. Early exfoliation of deciduous teeth, severe periodontal bone loss around many permanent teeth, and fragile bleeding gingiva were key features. Microbiological testing revealed an absence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and low levels of other commonly accepted periodontal pathogens. Tests for inflammation, including AST and elastase, were positive prior to therapy and greatly decreased after mechanical root instrumentation. A beneficial effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy was observed in the short-term follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Host defensive, immunological, and microbiological observations of an early-onset periodontitis patient with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) is a disorder characterized by benign generalized histiocytic proliferation and marked hemophagocytosis associated with systemic viral infection. An immunodeficiency which includes an extremely decreased leukocyte and platelet count together with abnormalities in the CD4/CD8 ratio are the most common features of VAHS. Here we report an early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patient with VAHS from the standpoint of host-parasite interaction to understand the effect of this systemic disorder which might possibly influence susceptibility to periodontal disease. The patient is a 16-year-old Japanese male clinically diagnosed as having generalized EOP with slight gingival inflammation and moderate bone loss. This patient manifested VAHS at 3 years of age, and then had an unusual 4 recurrences (at 5, 7, 11, and 14 years old). Laboratory tests conducted include: 1) complete blood analyses: 2) peripheral neutrophil functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, superoxide production, and adherence); 3) peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and functions, T-cell proliferative activity and productivity of cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], interferon gamma [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]); 4) serum cytokine levels (IL-1 beta, IL-2, soluble IL-2 receptor [sIL-2R], IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; 5) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against periodontopathic bacteria; 6) serological human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing; and 7) determination of bacterial flora of the periodontal pockets. The results indicated that the patient's neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration were below the normal range. In lymphocyte examinations, T-cell proliferative activity, IL-2, and IFN-gamma productivity were elevated. Serum IFN-gamma level was also significantly higher than normal range. No specific periodontopathic bacteria were predominant in the periodontal pockets, however, the serum IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis was elevated throughout the examination period. It is suggested that VAHS might be a possible risk factor for periodontal disease, and hence may serve as a model in understanding the role of host defense mechanisms in the establishment of inflammatory periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Photoplethysmographic indices of hemodynamics in periodontal diseases].

In 120 patients the periodontal photoplethysmography was performed. Statistical analysis of the frequency-amplitude characteristics of the photoplethysmographic signal was useful for differential diagnosis of various forms and stages in periodontal diseases and for evaluation of the treatment efficiency.

Adolescent↗