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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Epistasis underlying female sterility detected in hybrid breakdown in a Japonica-Indica cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Epistasis is considered to be a primary genetic basis of hybrid breakdown. We found novel epistatic genes causing hybrid breakdown in an intraspecific cross of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). F2 progeny derived from a cross between a Japonica variety, Asominori, and an Indica variety, IR24, showed segregation of high sterility for seeds, even though the reciprocal F1 hybrids showed about 60% seed fertility. Backcross populations (BC3F2, BC3F3), obtained from repeated backcrossing with Asominori, showed the segregation of causal genes in a simple Mendelian fashion. Using these populations, we identified that this sterility was hybrid breakdown caused by interaction among three nuclear genes distributed on the both parental genomes. These new genes, designated as hsa1, hsa2, and hsa3, were found to be involved in female gamete development by histological examination. The Indica parent IR24 has a sterile allele, hsa1-IR, which was located at near RFLP marker G148 on chromosome 12, whereas the Japonica parent Asominori has two sterile alleles, hsa2-As on chromosome 8 (close to G104) and hsa3-As on chromosome 9 (close to RM285). Female gametes carrying the hsa1-IR, hsa2-As, and hsa3-As alleles aborted in hsa1-IR homozygous plant, leading to seed sterility and selective elimination of the specific allelic combination. This study provides direct evidence that hybrid breakdown is attributed to epistatic interaction of genes from both parents and suggests that complicated mechanisms has been developed for hybrid breakdown during the evolution of rice.

Chimera↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: progress in the last five years?

The gold standard for treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) after thrombosis remains high-intensity warfarin, and, in pregnancy, heparin and aspirin. Exciting developments include the potential role of hydroxychloroquine as a prophylactic drug, stem cell transplantation, and B-cell tolerance. Animal models appear to be a fruitful "proving ground" of new therapies. The introduction of revised classification criteria for APS should aid in appropriate characterization of, and selection of, patients for clinical trials.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1989

Antibody to poly(ADP-ribose) is an indicator of obstetric complications in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 6 pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 11 normal pregnant women and 6 randomly selected female SLE patients. Four pregnant SLE patients who had either an abortion after 13 weeks of gestation or a premature delivery showed very high titers of anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies in week 8 of pregnancy. However, the titers of anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies of all the normal pregnant women were similar to those of non-pregnant female SLE patients, being slightly higher than those of normal non-pregnant women. The isotype of anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies in pregnant SLE patients was IgG, which did not crossreact with either DNA or cardiolipin. The number of pregnant SLE patients tested was small, but the coincidence of abortion with high titers of anti-poly (ADP-ribose) antibody was very close. Therefore, a high titer of anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody in pregnant SLE patients seems useful as an indicator of abortion or fetal distress.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed2002

Women's preferences for general or local anesthesia for pain during first trimester surgical abortion in India.

Women in India are rarely given a choice about their pain management methods for first trimester abortions. To investigate women's preferences and perceptions of pain, we allowed 100 women in Mumbai to choose between local and general anesthesia (60% selected general, while 40% elected local anesthesia). Using visual analog scales ranging from 1 to 7, women characterized their pain several times during their abortion visits. Local anesthesia clients reported more pain during (2.3 local vs. 1.0 general) and immediately after (1.9 vs. 1.0) the procedure. By three hours post-procedure, none of the women in either group reported any pain. General anesthesia clients reported that having no pain (95%) or anxiety (38%) were the best features, while local anesthesia clients liked being ambulatory (26%), avoiding side effects (26%), and feeling awake (21%). Though women in both groups were satisfied, local anesthesia clients were more likely to recommend it to friends (95% vs. 85%). Given these advantages, our study suggests that some women willingly accept additional pain incurred by exchanging local for general anesthesia.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1990

Ethics and the law: the law and assisted human conception.

This article aims to provide no more than a brief summary and overview of some of the principal legal questions which arise in connection with assisted human conception. There is no requirement of legal suitability for natural parenthood, though a child may be removed from parental care at birth if its welfare is considered to be at risk. Where medical or other assistance is required, however, the law and social judgments may impinge on the freedom of individuals to procreate. Commercial surrogacy has recently been criminalized, but private surrogacy arrangements without reward are not illegal--although any contract would probably be unenforceable through the courts. If medical intervention is required to achieve assisted conception, the availability of resources for NHS treatment, the physical and mental health of the prospective mother and father, and the welfare (or lack of it) of any prospective child, may be factors in deciding whether an infertility unit will offer treatment. Such practices must not operate unfairly and must not discriminate on racial grounds. If treatment is provided, and a woman becomes pregnant, the ordinary abortion laws will apply and, it is thought, will extend to the selective reduction of a multiple pregnancy--there is no claim in English law for 'wrongful birth'. AID does not constitute adultery, and the law has recently been reformed to recognize children born following AID as legitimate to their social parents. A child may be regarded as the legitimate child of a surrogate mother's marriage, but where the baby is genetically distinct from the surrogate mother, the law, and is uncertain and as yet could be conflicting claims of parenthood without legislation. The storage and disposal of human gametes and embryos may raise problems of 'ownership'.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1991

Ectopic pregnancy: transvaginal color Doppler of trophoblastic flow in questionable adnexa.

The purpose of this study was to see if color flow Doppler measurements could aid in the positive diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy when no gestational sac can be seen in the adnexa. We examined 148 women with abdominal pain and suspected ectopic pregnancy by abdominal ultrasonography, followed by vaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler when the diagnosis was still uncertain. Seventy-three patients proved to have ectopic pregnancies. Color flow with low resistance and high velocity vascular signals were observed in complex adnexal masses and in some of the corpora lutea. The resistance index for ectopic trophoblast was 0.36 +/- 0.02 SD. Color Doppler had both positive and negative discrimination of adnexal masses (P = 10(-15). The resistance index for the corpora lutea was 0.48 +/- 0.04. A cutoff value of 0.40 or less is proposed as a diagnostic index for suspected trophoblast in the adnexa. In nine cases of ectopic pregnancy, no color flow was noted. In these women, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level was less than 1000 mIU/ml. The clinical operative suspicion in these cases was tubal abortion. Sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 97%, respectively, in this highly selective series. Positive and negative predictive values were 97% and 89%. Color Doppler appears to be useful for the positive diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with ultrasonography when no adnexal gestational sac is observed. Prospective randomized trials will determine the ultimate clinical value of these findings.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of allergenic skin test with serological and bacteriological examinations of cattle for Listeria monocytogenes.

Five herds, each containing 200 to 300 cows, were surveyed for listeriosis. Since listeriosis is predominantly linked to reproductive diseases in the surveyed area, suspected cows were first selected according to the records on their previous reproductive disorders such as abortion, endometritis and sterility. By simultaneous serological, bacteriological and skin allergenic testing 40 cows suffering from listeriosis were detected. But, only seven of those cows were occasionally shedding listeriae in milk. The specific agglutinins for Listeria monocytogenes were detected in blood sera of all seven cows and the titre was from 1:20 to 1:160. The difference of skin thickness induced by allergenic test was from 1 to 2 mm. L. monocytogenes was isolated from milk of all seven cows and indirectly through the inoculation in enrichment broth, and directly only from milk of two cows. The results indicate that the positive skin allergenic and serological tests do not necessarily mean the shedding of listeriae in milk. However, the listeria-shedding in milk was always accompanied by a positive skin allergenic test and the presence of agglutinins in blood sera.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1984

Some respiratory and enteric diseases of cattle: an update.

Fibrinous pneumonia caused 40-45% of death losses in cattle shipped into Bruce County, Ontario. Feeding corn silage within the first 2 weeks of arrival increased mortality. Commingling cattle from different sources and keeping more than 110 cattle in a pen were detrimental. While use of antimicrobials in the starter ration was beneficial, prophylactic use of antimicrobials in the water was not. Mortality was directly proportional to morbidity and treatment costs. Vaccinating against any respiratory disease in the first 2 weeks after arrival was detrimental. Delaying vaccination for at least 2 weeks after arrival prevented the negative effects of vaccination in calves fed corn silage. Morbidity in cattle transported by train or truck did not differ. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes severe pulmonary edema-emphysema, with high morbidity and variable mortality, in confined calves in the fall and early winter. Death is usually from secondary bacterial pneumonia. Treatment involves use of pyrilamine maleate, dexamethasone and sulfamethazine. Salmonella muenster causes bloody diarrhea, abortion and death in cattle of any age. Treatment is with antibiotics selected by sensitivity tests. Cryptosporidium causes watery diarrhea in 1- to 2-week-old calves; infection is often fatal despite symptomatic treatment. Diagnosis is by identification of oocysts in fecal sugar flotation solution or May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained fecal smears. Oral sulfamethazine has been used as a prophylactic.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Midtrimester pregnancy termination with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories.

One hundred midtrimester pregnancies were randomly selected for elective termination with 20 mg prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories. The abortion rate was 93%. There were 66% complete abortions, 27% incomplete abortions and 7% failures. Mean insertion abortion time was 17 hours, 26 minutes. Average dosage was 82 mg. There were no mortalities but a high percentage of side effects, all of which were well tolerated. Two patients were admitted to other hospitals unfamiliar with termination technics, transfused and subjected to dilatations and curettages. There were no long-term sequelae.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1988

Intracervical administration of prostaglandin E2-gel prior to therapeutic abortion: a prospective randomized double-blind study.

Forty primigravid women due to undergo first trimester termination of pregnancy were randomly selected for intracervical application of 1 mg prostaglandin E2 in gel or gel only as placebo. In the PGE2-gel group, a marked dilatation of the cervical canal was obtained, with post-gel treatment mean Hegar dilatation of 11.18 mm in that group, compared to 4.4 mm in the control group (P 0.001). Moreover, 16 (80%) patients in the PGE2-gel group had a complete abortion, one (5%) patient had an incomplete abortion and in the remaining three (15%) patients, fetal demise was observed. The mean induction-abortion interval in this group was 7.5 h. In the placebo group, none of the above effects were observed. The only side effect noted was vomiting, which occurred in five (25%) of the patients in the PGE2-gel group. Termination of pregnancy was found to be easier in the PGE2-gel group, compared to the placebo group.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗